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All Journal The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Yarso, Kristanto Yuli
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Sensitivity and Specificity of Ultrasonography for Assessing Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients in Surakarta, Indonesia Bellynda, Monica; Yarso, Kristanto Yuli; Rosati, Ari; Kamil, Muhammad Rizki; Muhammad, Faizal
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i3.1339

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Early detection is effective in reducing breast cancer mortality by 25–30%. Staging assessment with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the gold standard for patients with clinically negative axillae. Ultrasound examination of the axillae is often performed as a preoperative treatment for breast cancer patients to determine the stage of the cancer, where regional axillary lymph node assessment can be related to the prognostic factors of breast cancer, as well as assessing the prognosis for distant metastases. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasound examination of the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.Method: This study employs a descriptive research method with a retrospective approach, utilizing secondary data and comprising 283 samples. Inclusion criteria included patients diagnosed with cervical carcinoma confirmed by histopathological evaluation and complete medical records documenting age, primary complaints, histopathological classification, and TNM staging. Data were processed and presented using descriptive statistics. The study was conducted at the Surakarta Hospital between 2020 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were breast cancer patients with stage T1-2 N0 M0 confirmed by histopathological examination who underwent axillary lymph node ultrasound examination in Surakarta. Data was taken from the medical records. Patient's initial, age, date of examination, clinical diagnosis, expertise of the ultrasound, and histopathology of the axillary lymph node were recorded. The gold standard is SLNB. The calculation of diagnostic validity was carried out using a 2x2 table, and then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound were calculated.Results: 176 cases met the inclusion criteria, with 59.10% patients aged over 50 years old. Seventeen cases had positive ultrasound but negative histopathology examinations. Meanwhile, the remaining 15 cases had negative ultrasound but positive histopathology examinations. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy results are as follows: 82%, 83%, 80%, 83%, 4.89, 0.21, and 82%, respectively.Conclusion: Ultrasound examination for assessing axillary lymph nodes is easy, inexpensive, effective, and safe. The results can be increased with better radiological methods and experience from higher-level operators.
Vitamin D and Magnesium Combination Lowers High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-12, Renin, and Carotid Vessel in Diabetic Rats Rahayu, Rachmi Fauziah; Zahrah, Fathimah Afifah; Anugrah, Tessa Septian; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Yueniwati, Yuyun; Irawan, Amelia Tjandra; Kusumaningrum, Sulistyani; Fauzi, Adam; Wasita, Brian; Wiyono, Nanang; Muthaminah, Muthaminah; Sholikah, Tri Agusti; Wardhani, Lusi Oka; Suyatmi, Suyatmi; Yarso, Kristanto Yuli; Pesik, Riza Novierta; Siswanto, Febby Gunawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i2.4061

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, accelerating atherosclerosis development marked by elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Diabetes often causes significant vascular changes, which can be represented by carotid tunica intima thickening and elevated renin level. Metformin, which remains as the standard therapy, has limited vascular effects. Vitamin D and magnesium exhibit vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their combined effects on diabetic vascular injury remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D and magnesium combination on serum hs-CRP, IL-12, renin, and carotid tunica intima thickness in diabetic rats.METHODS: Wistar rats were diabetic-induced by 45 mg/kg streptozotocin and 110 mg/kg nicotinamide. Following the induction, the rats were subsequently assigned to receive no treatment, metformin, or a combination of vitamin D and magnesium. Healthy rats were also included as control. Blood sample was collected after 21 days of treatment. Serum hs-CRP, IL-12, and renin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the carotid tunica intima thickness was assessed by Doppler ultrasound.RESULTS: Diabetic rats showed significant increases hs-CRP, IL-12, renin level, and intima thickness (p<0.001) compared to control. Both metformin and combination of Vitamin D and magnesium reduced these parameters, with combination of Vitamin D and magnesium showing the greatest improvement. Carotid intima thickness in the combination of Vitamin D and magnesium group was comparable to normal controls, indicating marked vascular protection.CONCLUSION: Vitamin D and magnesium combination provided superior glycemic, anti-inflammatory, and vascular protective effects compared to metformin alone. This adjunctive strategy might have potential in preventing vascular complications in diabetes.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, hs-CRP, IL-12, atherosclerosis
Co-Authors Adam Fauzi Anugrah, Tessa Septian Bellynda, Monica Brian Wasita Irawan, Amelia Tjandra Kamil, Muhammad Rizki Kusumaningrum, Sulistyani Muhammad, Faizal Muthaminah, Muthaminah Nanang Wiyono Rachmi Fauziah Rahayu Ratih Dewi Yudhani Riza Novierta Pesik Rosati, Ari Sholikah, Tri Agusti Siswanto, Febby Gunawan Suyatmi Suyatmi Wardhani, Lusi Oka Yuyun Yueniwati Zahrah, Fathimah Afifah