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Effect of Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on Histological Structure Damage in Mice (Mus musculus Linn.) Induced by Paracetamol Aurika, Denalia; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Muthmainah, Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a liver injury caused by drug toxicity. About 41 out of 100.000 people suffer liver damage due to DILI. Most of this injury caused by excessive use of paracetamol. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) contains antioxidants that can protect liver from damage. The aim of this research was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of meniran extract on histological damage in liver cells induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only controlled group design. This research was conducted in Histology Laboratory FK UNS. Samples were 30 mice obtained by purposive sampling which characteristics were Swiss webster type, male, 2-3 months old, ± 20 gr of each weight. Samples divided randomly into 5 groups, each group has six mice. The normal group (KN) was given distilled water only. The negative control group (KK (-)) was given paracetamol toxic dose only. The positive control group (KK (+)) was given Curcuma® and paracetamol toxic dose. A gradual dose (2.8 mg and 5.6 mg) of meniran extract was given daily to the first treatment group (KP 1) and second treatment group (KP 2) for 14 days respectively and added with paracetamol toxic dose (5 mg) on day 8th to 14th orally. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed and liver were taken for preparation with HE staining. Liver cells damage was identified by counting nucleus with pyknosis, karryorhexis, and karyolysis from 100 liver cells. Data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD (α = 0.05). Results: One-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between 5 groups (p < 0.05). Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between KN-KK (-), KN-KK (+), KN-KP 1, KN-KP 2, KK (-)-KK (+). KK (-)-KP 1, KK (-)-KP 2, KK (+)-KP 1, KP 1-KP 2, but there was not significant difference between KK (+)-KP 2 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Meniran extract has hepatoprotective effect on histological structure damage of mice’s liver cells induced by paracetamol in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, paracetamol, liver cells histologic damage 
ScreeningEffectiveness of The Extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as Dengue AntiviralIn Vitro Luthfiani, Sarah; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Saptawati, Leli
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13.864 KB)

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue virus infection isone of the emergency infectious diseases in the world. Morbidity and mortality of dengue fever in Indonesia is relatively high.There is no specific therapy for dengue infection. The main treatment principle of dengue infection is supportive therapy such as replacement of body fluids. Indonesia has natural product which can be potential as an antiviral for dengue therapy, such as sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.). The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as dengue antiviral  in vitro. Methods:This study was a laboratory experimental research using dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line as the subject of the research. This researchwas conducted in 2 parts. First ,inhibition test of the extract against DENV2 was assessed by the percentage of infectivity with Focus Forming Unit assay method . Second ,toxicity test of the extracts in HuH - 7 cells was assessed by the percentage of viability by MTT assay method. Effective herbs extract as a dengue antiviral was an extract that had average percentage of infectivity£20% and average percentage of viability > 50%. Results: The extracts of sambiloto, serai, and meniranhad average percentage of infectivity: 53.8%; 114.4%; and 51.9%respectively. While the average percentage of viability were: 105.9%; 95.7%; and 98.6%respectively. Conclusion: The extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) were not effective as dengue antiviral in vitro. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon citrates, Phyllanthus niruri L., DENV2 NGC,HuH-7.  
Antiviral Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum) Against Dengue Virus In Vitro Pramalista, Natasha Ninda; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

 Introduction: Dengue virus is a type of virus that causes various reactions, from asymptomatic infection to harmful manifestations, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Currently, the treatments of DHF cases have been limited to symptomatic and supportive therapies only. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies in facing these cases. One of them is by using natural ingredients with antiviral potential. The aim of this study is to understand the antiviral effects of the ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum) against dengue virus in vitro.   Methods : The subject of this research was Dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV-2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line. The research was divided into 2 parts. The first was inhibition test of the extract against DENV-2 which was assessed by average of infectivity percentage with Focus Forming Unit assay method. The second was toxicity test of the extract in Huh – 7 cells which was assessed by average of viability percentage by MTT assay method. The herb extract effective as a Dengue antivirus was defined by average infectivity percentage of ≤ 20% and average viability percentage of > 50%. Results: Ethanolic extract of Red Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. Rubrum) with concentration 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 µg/ml had average percentage of infectivity respectively: 9.2% ; 25.3% ; 32.3% ;47.5% ; 66.6% ; 73.4%. While the average percentage of viability were: 92.2% ; 94.3% ; 96.7 % ; 99.6% ; 102.7% ; 105.9%. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of rhizome Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Linn var. Rubrum) is not effective in inhibiting the replication of dengue virus serotype DENV-2 in vitro because it has the average infectivity percentage ≥ 20 and has no toxic effects on cells Huh-7 because it has the average viability percentage > 50. Key Words: Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum, Dengue virus, DENV-2, Huh-7 cell line.  
Comparison of the effect of alkaline water and metformin towards blood glucose level in diabetic model rats Abdurahim, Ghani; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Indonesia ranked 7 out of 10 on countries with the most highest number of diabetic patient. Oxidative stress and high blood glucose level were occurring under diabetic condition. High prevalence of diabetes and expensive cost for treatment lead to development of alternative treatment for diabetes. Alkaline water with pH>7 acts as antioxidant and had been proven to lower blood  glucose level via increase in glucose uptake. Metformin is the first line drugs for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of alkaline water and metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats. Methods: This research was experimental laboratory with the randomized pre and post test controlled-group design. This research was using 24 in total of 2 months old male Wistar albino rats weighting 180-200 g. Rats induced by alloxan 155mg/kg bw on the first day, then randomly divided into 4 groups with different treatments. Negative control group (K-) was given aquadest, positive control (K+) metformin 9mg/200g bw, Alkaline water 1 (Alk1) 23 ml, and alkaline water 2 (Alk2) 46 ml of alkaline water. These treatment was given once daily on the 5th until 12th day. Blood glucose level was measured three times: before induced by alloxan, after induced by alloxan, and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05) followed by Multiple Comparisons LSD (α = 0.05). Result: The mean of post-treatment blood glucose level on K-, K+, Alk1, Alk2  respectively (in mg/dl) were 242.33±50,06; 67.83±12.90; 71.83±8,37; 70.83±9.72. The result of Repeated Measures Anova showed significant difference on mean blood glucose level (p=0.000). The result of LSD on mean of blood glucose level reduction showed significant difference (p=0.000) between K- and K+, K- and Alk1, K- and Alk2. The results of LSD showed no significant difference between K+  and Alk1 (p=0.536) as well as K+ and Alk2 (p=0.280).Conclusions: Alkaline water has comparable effect with metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats.Keywords: alkaline water, metformin, blood glucose level, alloxan 
Comparison of Hematology Analyzer Cyanmethemoglobin Method and Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Electrode-Based Biosensor Method in Measurement of Hemoglobin SHIDQI, LISANA; KUSUMAWATI, RATNA; YUDHANI, RATIH DEWI
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Measurement of hemoglobin concentration can be done by hematology analyzer (HA) cyanmethemoglobin method (gold standard) and point-of-care testing (POCT) electrode-based biosensor method. POCT electrode-based biosensor method is one of the hemoglobin POCT and has not been studied before in Indonesia. This study examined the difference and correlation hemoglobin concentration by HA cyanmethemoglobin method and POCT electrode-based biosensor method. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in 4 senior high schools of Sukoharjo in Indonesia on Desember, 2016. Senior high schools were selected using a simple random sampling and senior high schools grade selected using a stratified random sampling. Among 173 grade 10 and 11 senior high school girls in this study the capillary and venous blood samples were collected. Capillary blood sample collected was immediately processed to measure the hemoglobin concentration using POCT electrode-based biosensor method and venous blood sample was collected to measure the hemoglobin concentration using HA cyanmethemoglobin method. Statistical analyses used were Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α=0.05). Results: Hemoglobin concentration determined by the POCT electrode-based biosensor method compared to HA cyanmethemoglobin method was significantly different (p=0.000 ) and there was positive moderate correlation (r=0.438; p=0.000). Conclusions: Hemoglobin concentration assessment by POCT electrode-based biosensor method has shown significantly different and positive correlation with HA cyanmethemoglobin method. Keywords: hemoglobin concentration, HA cyanmethemoglobin method, POCT electrode-based biosensor method 
Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 42, No 6 (2015): Malaria
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (174.969 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v42i6.997

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and poses a considerable concern for public health. Although a variety of pharmacological treatments is available, response, doses and tolerability to drugs are highly variable and monotherapy often failed. A large interindividual variability in drug response has been noticed and contributing factors include age, sex, disease, drug and food interactions, comorbidity, as well as genetic factors. Poor therapeutic outcomes may be caused by variability of individual characteristics.Personalized medicine is an emerging concept for treating diseases, which involves determining specific information of a particular patient and then prescribing specific treatment. Pharmacogenetics holds the promise of bringing personalized medicine to drug dosing decisions, to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve life quality for T2DM patients.Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 telah merupakan epidemi di seluruh dunia dan menjadi perhatian besar di bidang kesehatan. Meskipun berbagai terapi farmakologis telah tersedia, namun respon, dosis dan tolerabilitas penderita sangat bervariasi dan monoterapi sering gagal. Terdapat variabilitas besar terkait respon terapi diantara individu dan beberapa faktor yang berperandiantaranya usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit, interaksi obat dengan makanan, komorbiditas, serta faktor genetik. Variabilitas besar terkait respon terapi obat hipoglikemik sering dijumpai di klinik. Respon terapi tidak optimal mungkin karena pemilihan terapi tanpa memperhatikan karakteristik individual. Personalized medicine merupakan konsep terkini pemberian terapi. Pada konsep ini, pemilihan jenis terapi mempertimbangkan profil genetik maupun karakteristik individual. Farmakogenetik menjadi kunci mewujudkan personalized medicine sehingga diharapkan dapat mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit, serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2.
Application of Pharmacogenomics on Drug Discovery and Development Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 41, No 3 (2014): Farmakologi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (599.574 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v41i3.1154

Abstract

Individual variations in the response to drugs and drug toxicity occur commonly in the clinical setting and in drug development research protocols. Cumulative evidence strongly suggests that genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors and other drug targets are contributing to inter-individual differences in the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Pharmacogenomics refers to the application of genome-wide approaches in order to understand genetic influence on drug response and to develop novel drugs. This application of pharmacogenomics has implications in predicting a patient’s response to medications, reducing adverse events and improving rationality of drug development. Pharmacogenomics profoundly change the way clinical drug trials are conducted, as well as influencing drug development process. This review provides an overview of the pharmacogenomics application on drug discovery and development.Variasi respons individual dan toksisitas terhadap obat sering ditemui di klinik dan selama proses penelitian dan pengembangan obat baru. Beberapa bukti jelas mengindikasikan bahwa polimorfisme genetik pada gen-gen yang meregulasi ekspresi enzim yang terkait dengan metabolisme obat, transporter, reseptor dan target obat yang lain, berperan dalam menentukan perbedaan efikasi dan toksisitas suatu obat di antara individu. Farmakogenomik mengacu pada aplikasi genomik untuk memahami pengaruh genetik pada respons obat dan aplikasinya dalam proses penelitian dan pengembangan obat baru. Farmakogenomik dapat diaplikasikan untuk memprediksi respons individu terhadap pengobatan, mengurangi kejadian yang tidak diinginkan terkait dengan pemberian obat dan meningkatkan rasionalitas dalam proses pengembangan obat. Oleh karena itu, farmakogenomik menyebabkan pergeseran paradigma terkait penelitian dalam rangka penemuan obat baru di tahap preklinik dan bagaimana perancangan uji klinis obat. Tinjauan ini memberi gambaran aplikasi farmakogenomik pada proses penelitian dalam rangka penemuan dan pengembangan obat baru.
Farmakogenomik dan Terapi Kanker Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 41, No 6 (2014): Bedah
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.658 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v41i6.1127

Abstract

Variabilitas respons terapi dan indeks terapi obat antikanker (kemoterapi) yang sempit sering dijumpai dan masih menjadi tantangan bagi ahli onkologi. Farmakogenomik merupakan studi pewarisan genetik yang berpengaruh pada proses disposisi obat dan juga efeknya yang bertujuan mengoptimalkan pemilihan jenis obat dan penyesuaian dosis pada tiap pasien. Farmakogenomik penting diterapkan di bidang onkologi karena terapi kanker sering ditandai dengan toksisitas sistemik yang berat dan efikasi yang tidak terprediksi sebelumnya. Studi farmakogenomik bertujuan untuk memahami genetik yang mendasari perbedaan respons di antara individu dan memprediksi keamanan, toksisitas dan atau efikasi suatu pengobatan. Tinjauan ini mendiskusikan beberapa contoh penerapan farmakogenomik khususnya terkait polimorfisme genetik yang mempengaruhi hasil dari terapi kanker.The variability in treatment responses and narrow therapeutic index of anticancer drugs (chemotherapy) are consistently observed across patient populations and still pose challenges for oncologist. Pharmacogenomics is the study of inherited differences in interindividual drug disposition and effects, with the goal of selecting the optimal drug therapy and dosage for each patient. Pharmacogenomics is especially important for oncology as severe systemic toxicity and unpredictable efficacy are hallmarks of cancer therapies. Pharmacogenomics studies are aimed at elucidating the genetic basis of interindividual differences and using such genetic information to predict the safety, toxicity, and/or efficacy of the drugs. This review will discuss several clinical relevant examples of pharmacogenomics use, especially genetic polymorphism, to influence the clinical outcome of cancer therapy. 
ScreeningEffectiveness of The Extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as Dengue AntiviralIn Vitro Sarah Luthfiani; Ratih Dewi Yudhani; Leli Saptawati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13.864 KB)

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue virus infection isone of the emergency infectious diseases in the world. Morbidity and mortality of dengue fever in Indonesia is relatively high.There is no specific therapy for dengue infection. The main treatment principle of dengue infection is supportive therapy such as replacement of body fluids. Indonesia has natural product which can be potential as an antiviral for dengue therapy, such as sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.). The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as dengue antiviral in vitro. Methods:This study was a laboratory experimental research using dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line as the subject of the research. This researchwas conducted in 2 parts. First ,inhibition test of the extract against DENV2 was assessed by the percentage of infectivity with Focus Forming Unit assay method . Second ,toxicity test of the extracts in HuH - 7 cells was assessed by the percentage of viability by MTT assay method. Effective herbs extract as a dengue antiviral was an extract that had average percentage of infectivity20% and average percentage of viability > 50%. Results: The extracts of sambiloto, serai, and meniranhad average percentage of infectivity: 53.8%; 114.4%; and 51.9%respectively. While the average percentage of viability were: 105.9%; 95.7%; and 98.6%respectively. Conclusion: The extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) were not effective as dengue antiviral in vitro. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon citrates, Phyllanthus niruri L., DENV2 NGC,HuH-7.
Comparison of the effect of alkaline water and metformin towards blood glucose level in diabetic model rats Ghani Abdurahim; Ratih Dewi Yudhani; Siti Ma'rufah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13.864 KB)

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Indonesia ranked 7 out of 10 on countries with the most highest number of diabetic patient. Oxidative stress and high blood glucose level were occurring under diabetic condition. High prevalence of diabetes and expensive cost for treatment lead to development of alternative treatment for diabetes. Alkaline water with pH>7 acts as antioxidant and had been proven to lower blood glucose level via increase in glucose uptake. Metformin is the first line drugs for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of alkaline water and metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats. Methods: This research was experimental laboratory with the randomized pre and post test controlled-group design. This research was using 24 in total of 2 months old male Wistar albino rats weighting 180-200 g. Rats induced by alloxan 155mg/kg bw on the first day, then randomly divided into 4 groups with different treatments. Negative control group (K-) was given aquadest, positive control (K+) metformin 9mg/200g bw, Alkaline water 1 (Alk1) 23 ml, and alkaline water 2 (Alk2) 46 ml of alkaline water. These treatment was given once daily on the 5th until 12th day. Blood glucose level was measured three times: before induced by alloxan, after induced by alloxan, and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (? = 0.05) followed by Multiple Comparisons LSD (? = 0.05).Result: The mean of post-treatment blood glucose level on K-, K+, Alk1, Alk2 respectively (in mg/dl) were 242.3350,06; 67.8312.90; 71.838,37; 70.839.72. The result of Repeated Measures Anova showed significant difference on mean blood glucose level (p=0.000). The result of LSD on mean of blood glucose level reduction showed significant difference (p=0.000) between K- and K+, K- and Alk1, K- and Alk2. The results of LSD showed no significant difference between K+ and Alk1 (p=0.536) as well as K+ and Alk2 (p=0.280).Conclusions: Alkaline water has comparable effect with metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats.Keywords: alkaline water, metformin, blood glucose level, alloxan