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Formulasi Nugget Ikan Tongkol dan Tempe Kedelai Sebagai Makanan Selingan untuk Pencegahan Anemia Mukaromah, Latifatul; Palupi, Fitria Dhenok; Setyobudi, Sugeng iwan
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v13i2.12532

Background: Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, with a prevalence reaching 42% in East Java. One of the prevention strategies is increasing the intake of foods rich in protein, iron, and vitamins that support hematopoiesis. Skipjack tuna, as a source of heme iron, and tempeh, a fermented soybean product high in iron, have the potential to be developed into nutritious snacks such as nuggets to increase acceptability and consumption among adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the best formulation of skipjack tuna and soybean tempeh nuggets based on nutritional quality and sensory acceptability. Methods: This research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three skipjack tuna: tempeh ratios: P1 (100:30), P2 (100:50), and P3 (100:70). A hedonic test was conducted involving 25 semi-trained panelists. Data analysis used the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney post-hoc test. Nutrient composition was calculated using TKPI and Nutricheck. Results: The resulting nuggets were characterized by a slightly bitter taste, golden-yellow color, slightly beany aroma, and chewy texture. The nutritional content per 100 g ranged from 467.52–494.32 kcal energy, 16.80–19.57 g protein, 20.41–21.58 g fat, 55.59–57.39 g carbohydrates, and 3.34–3.87 mg iron. The best formulation was P1, with the highest total score (0.644), an iron content of 1.67 mg per serving, and the highest taste acceptability. Conclusion: The best formulated nuggets meet (P1) the recommended nutrient intake for adolescent girls aged 13–15 years, contributing approximately 10% of the daily requirement based on the 2019 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).

Pengaruh Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap Ekspresi IL-1β pada Tikus Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Palupi, Fitria Dhenok; Annisa Avelia
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v13i2.14128

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation that disrupts cytokine production, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which plays a key role in β-cell function and survival. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on IL-1β expression in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ-NA)–induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models. Method: The study employed a randomized post-test-only controlled group design involving 48 male Wistar rats, which were randomly allocated into six experimental groups, including two control groups. Observations and outcome measurements were conducted on days 28 and 35. Treatments included Centella asiatica extract at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kgBW and metformin as a comparison. IL-1β expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and scored using the Immunoreactive Score (IRS). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: Results showed that STZ-NA induction decreased IL-1β expression compared with normal controls. Administration of Centella asiatica extract significantly influenced IL-1β expression (p < 0.05). The 1200 mg/kgBW dose restored IL-1β expression to levels comparable with the normal control and metformin groups, especially at 35 days. Conclusion: In conclusion, Centella asiatica ethanol extract improves impaired cytokine production in T2DM rats, and the 1200 mg/kgBW dose for 35 days demonstrates the strongest effect in normalizing IL-1β expression.

Formulasi Nugget Ikan Tongkol dan Tempe Kedelai Sebagai Makanan Selingan untuk Pencegahan Anemia Mukaromah, Latifatul; Palupi, Fitria Dhenok; Setyobudi, Sugeng iwan
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v13i2.12532

Background: Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, with a prevalence reaching 42% in East Java. One of the prevention strategies is increasing the intake of foods rich in protein, iron, and vitamins that support hematopoiesis. Skipjack tuna, as a source of heme iron, and tempeh, a fermented soybean product high in iron, have the potential to be developed into nutritious snacks such as nuggets to increase acceptability and consumption among adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the best formulation of skipjack tuna and soybean tempeh nuggets based on nutritional quality and sensory acceptability. Methods: This research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three skipjack tuna: tempeh ratios: P1 (100:30), P2 (100:50), and P3 (100:70). A hedonic test was conducted involving 25 semi-trained panelists. Data analysis used the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney post-hoc test. Nutrient composition was calculated using TKPI and Nutricheck. Results: The resulting nuggets were characterized by a slightly bitter taste, golden-yellow color, slightly beany aroma, and chewy texture. The nutritional content per 100 g ranged from 467.52–494.32 kcal energy, 16.80–19.57 g protein, 20.41–21.58 g fat, 55.59–57.39 g carbohydrates, and 3.34–3.87 mg iron. The best formulation was P1, with the highest total score (0.644), an iron content of 1.67 mg per serving, and the highest taste acceptability. Conclusion: The best formulated nuggets meet (P1) the recommended nutrient intake for adolescent girls aged 13–15 years, contributing approximately 10% of the daily requirement based on the 2019 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).

Pengaruh Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap Ekspresi IL-1β pada Tikus Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Palupi, Fitria Dhenok; Annisa Avelia
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v13i2.14128

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation that disrupts cytokine production, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which plays a key role in β-cell function and survival. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on IL-1β expression in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ-NA)–induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models. Method: The study employed a randomized post-test-only controlled group design involving 48 male Wistar rats, which were randomly allocated into six experimental groups, including two control groups. Observations and outcome measurements were conducted on days 28 and 35. Treatments included Centella asiatica extract at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kgBW and metformin as a comparison. IL-1β expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and scored using the Immunoreactive Score (IRS). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: Results showed that STZ-NA induction decreased IL-1β expression compared with normal controls. Administration of Centella asiatica extract significantly influenced IL-1β expression (p < 0.05). The 1200 mg/kgBW dose restored IL-1β expression to levels comparable with the normal control and metformin groups, especially at 35 days. Conclusion: In conclusion, Centella asiatica ethanol extract improves impaired cytokine production in T2DM rats, and the 1200 mg/kgBW dose for 35 days demonstrates the strongest effect in normalizing IL-1β expression.

Sorghum Feeding on the Nutritional Status of Body Fat Percentage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes melitus Zahra, Hanifah Umi; Dwipajati, Dwipajati; Palupi, Fitria Dhenok
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Volume 7 Nomor 2 Agustus 2025
Publisher : Sarana Ilmu Indonesia (salnesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36590/jika.v7i2.1165

Dietary management is essential in treating diabetes melitus, with recommendations to limit carbohydrate intake and increase fiber consumption. Modifying both the amount and type of food supports blood glucose control. Sorghum, a local cereal with a low glycemic index of 41 and high fiber content, also contains antidiabetic phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sorghum as an alternative staple food on body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mulyorejo village, Malang City. The study also assessed the relationship between the order of fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality, blood glucose, and blood pressure in these patients. An experimental pre-post test control group design was used with 32 subjects. Statistical analysis employed the Wilcoxon difference test at a 95% confidence level (p-value < 0,05). Sorghum intervention significantly reduced BMI (p-value = 0,021 in both groups). For body fat percentage, the p-value was 0,377 in the control group and 0,026 in the treatment group. In summary, incorporating sorghum using the T model plate approach may help reduce BMI and body fat percentage.

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