Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam Saitya
Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Pelinggih Pajenengan as a Manifestation of Śiwa-Buddha Syncretism in the Pegulingan Temple Gianyar Bali Saitya, Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam; Arimbawa, I Komang Suastika; Jagadhita, Pande Putu Puja
Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Vol 7 No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Jayapangus Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37329/jpah.v7i4.2211

Abstract

The teachings of Śiwa who dominate and are recognized as a majority and even animates most of the Hindu values in Bali do not forget to accommodate and harmonize themselves with other teachings, one of which is the Buddhist. From this, the existence of Buddhist teachings is still developing today. The reflection of the unification of the value of Śiwa-Buddha's teachings, one of which can be found at the Pura Pegulingan in Manukaya Village. The manifestation of the Śiwa-Buddha syncretism in the Pegulungan Temple is the Pajenengan Temple. Pajenengan's Pelinggih itself is a Pelinggih in the form of a Buddhist stupa which is worshiped jointly by Hindus and Buddhists who are the patrons of the temple. The influence of Buddhism in the Tampaksiring and Pejeng areas was inseparable from the policies of Masula Masuli in Bali in the śaka year 1100 (1178 AD). In particular, this study aims to analyze the Pelinggih Pajenengan as a form of Śiwa -Buddha syncretism at Pegulungan Temple. In particular, this study aims to analyze the Pelinggih Pajenengan as a form of Śiwa-Buddha syncretism at Pegulingan Temple. This research is qualitative research with a theological approach, while the data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, literature study, and document study. This research is qualitative research with a theological approach. The results of this study are very important because it shows the intense Pelinggih as a form of syncretism Śiwa-Buddha. Pelinggih Pajenengan was also called Padma Asta Dala in a Buddhist statue of gold with a standing attitude or Tribangga with the attitude of the waramudra hands. Thus, the existence of Pelinggih Pajenengan which contains the patterns of Śiwa and Buddha. The discovery of relief of stupa and lingga-yoni is proof that the unification of the two different teachings is very possible and as a unifying medium for Hindus and also Buddhism in the Pegulingan temple. In addition, the mantra addressed to Śiwa Raditya was also spoken by Śiwa-Buddha Raditya, this proves that the teachings of Śiwa-Buddha have been integrated in the Pegulingan temple.  
Soteriologi dalam Bhagavad Gītā Jelly, Ni Kadek; Saitya, Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam; Kurniarini, Ni Nyoman Yunike
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v15i2.4232

Abstract

The Bhagavad Gītā, which is part of the Bhishmaparva and also part of the epic Mahabharata, is the most famous religious poem in Sanskrit literature. The Bhagavad Gītā was chosen as the object of research study because the Bhagavad Gītā emphasizes the knowledge of God Almighty, namely the teachings of salvation or soteriology which contains the ultimate goal of human life. The problem formulation found in this research is related to the form, function and meaning of soteriology in the Bhagavad Gītā. This research uses the theory of Hermeneutics. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with several stages, namely: determining the type of research, looking for data sources both primary and secondary data, determining research instruments, collecting data using literature study methods, document studies, observation methods, and online data search methods. The forms of salvation teachings or soteriology in the Bhagavad Gītā consist of Bhakti Marga Yoga, Karma Marga Yoga, Jnana Marga Yoga, and Raja Marga Yoga. The function of soteriological teachings in the Bhagavad Gītā is that it has two functions, namely a religious function and a social function. And the meaning of soteriology in the Bhagavad Gītā has the meaning of theology, namely God who is seen in the form of Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman. The meaning of Cosmology is that everything that exists comes from God and will be preserved and returned to God. And the meaning of liberation is that it can be achieved if you let go of all the results of worldly actions and ties and by practicing the spiritual path, namely yoga, focusing your mind on God.
KAJIAN TEOLOGI PADA UPACARA KEMATIAN DI BALI: ANALISIS TEKS DAN KONTEKS Harsananda, Hari; Saitya, Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v15i2.4240

Abstract

This paper discusses the theological dimensions of the Ngaben death ritual in Bali, focusing on the relationship between Hindu concepts of divinity as outlined in Tattwa texts and the implementation of death rituals. In Hindu theology, the understanding of Brahman, both in its Nirguna (without attributes) and Saguna (with attributes) forms, plays a significant role in shaping the spiritual goals of Balinese Hindus related to eschatology and the attainment of moksha. This research uses a qualitative method with a theological approach. Through an analysis of texts such as Yama Purana Tattwa and Wrhaspati Tattwa, this article examines the meaning and purpose of Ngaben as a ritual for purifying the soul and releasing material elements. This research finds that, although there is a hope for the unification of the soul with God (moksha), the practice of Ngaben is more focused on Bhakti and Karma Marga, which emphasize the existential duality between atman (individual soul) and Brahman, in accordance with the Dvaita Vedanta approach. This indicates a difference between the theological concept of union with God in moksha and its implementation in death rituals in Bali about the importance of the results or conclusions brief.
Pawisik Nabe Dalam Upacara Diksa di Griya Agung Bangkasa Wardana, I Ketut; Saitya, Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam; Ambarnuari, Mery
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 16 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pandita as a clergy has a position and authority in the religious life of Hindu society. The aguron-guron system is an educational system developed by Hinduism to teach knowledge and skills in the religious field. The system is still very relevant to pass on spiritual knowledge in the process of giving birth to a pandita/sulinggih. Research related to pewisik nabe in the diksa kepurusan ceremony of Griya Agung Bongkasa because this griya is one of the old griyas with a long lineage and is committed to developing the aguron-guron system. There are three problems discussed in this study, namely related to the form of the aguro-guron system of Griya Bongkasa, the function of pawisik Nabe in the diksa ceremony at Griya Agung Bangkasa, and the meaning of Hindu theology in pawisik Nabe in the diksa ceremony at Griya Agung Bangkasa. This qualitative research with a theological approach uses Religion theory, structural functionalism theory and symbolic interactionism to dissect the problem so that the data can be presented in a qualitative description. The aguron-guron system in Griya Agung Bangkasa has educational, religious, and social functions. And the last is related to the implications of the aguron-guron system in Griya Agung Bangkasa which raises educational, theological, and sociological implications both internally and externally. This aguron-guron system is special because of the Nabe pawisik at the diksa ceremony at Griya Agung Bangkasa as an effort to improve the quality of aguron-guron education carried out. The exclusive aguron-guron system is the best choice in providing spiritual education. This system can enrich the education system so as to create a holistic education.