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All Journal Al-Risalah : Jurnal Imu Syariah dan Hukum Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Awang Long Law Review Unes Law Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN Jurnal Suara Hukum Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) Law Development Journal Journal of Social Research COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities RechtIdee
Djajaputra, Gunawan
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Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Role of Notarial Deeds in Avoiding Default on Debt Agreements: Peran Akta Notaris dalam Menghindari Wanprestasi pada Perjaanjian Utang Piutang Saputra, Ardiansyah; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1393

Abstract

General Background: Debt–credit agreements constitute a common legal instrument in civil and commercial transactions, yet remain vulnerable to default, which often triggers disputes and economic losses. Specific Background: Notarial deeds are legally recognized as authentic instruments that provide preventive and evidentiary strength in structuring such agreements. Knowledge Gap: However, limited scholarly attention has been given to examining how notarial intervention substantively reduces the risk of wanprestasi and strengthens creditor protection. Aims: This study aims to analyze the preventive role of notaries in drafting balanced loan agreements and to evaluate how authentic deeds reinforce creditors’ legal standing in cases of default. Results: Findings show that notaries not only ensure the legal validity and proportionality of contractual clauses but also provide legal certainty through authentic deeds that permit direct execution without complex litigation. Novelty: This research highlights the dual preventive–executory function of notarial deeds, demonstrating their critical contribution to both dispute avoidance and expedited enforcement. Implications: Strengthening notarial practice and public awareness of authentic deeds can significantly enhance legal protection in loan agreements, reduce default risks, and promote a more secure civil transaction environment. Highlights: Notarial deeds function preventively by ensuring balanced and lawful clauses in debt–credit agreements. Authentic notarial deeds give creditors strong evidentiary power and enable direct execution in cases of default. Strengthening notarial practice and public awareness reduces dispute risk and enhances legal certainty in civil transactions. Keywords: Debt–Credit Agreement, Notarial Deed, Default (Wanprestasi), Creditor Protection, Authentic Instrument
Kedudukan Hukum dan Tanggung Gugat Penjamin Perorangan (Borgtocht) dalam Perjanjian Kredit Tanpa Pengikatan Jaminan Kebendaan (Studi Putusan No. 752/PDT.G/2023/PN JKT.SEL) Putra, Matthew Yohanes; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Oktober, Social Issues and Problems in Society
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jr.v8i4.50991

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum dan tanggung gugat penjamin perorangan (borgtocht) dalam sengketa kredit macet di mana tidak dilakukan pengikatan jaminan kebendaan berupa Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan (APHT). Dalam praktik perbankan atau utang-piutang, ketiadaan pengikatan jaminan kebendaan menimbulkan risiko hukum tersendiri bagi kreditur dan mengubah beban tanggung jawab kepada penjamin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach) pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan No. 752/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.SEL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian penanggungan (borgtocht) memiliki sifat accessoir yang keberadaannya bergantung pada perjanjian pokok, namun validitasnya tidak serta-merta gugur akibat tidak adanya APHT. Dalam Putusan No. 752/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.SEL, Majelis Hakim menilai bahwa ketiadaan APHT tidak menghapuskan kewajiban penjamin untuk melunasi utang debitur utama yang telah melakukan wanprestasi. Namun, hal ini berdampak pada hilangnya hak preferensi kreditur terhadap objek jaminan, sehingga kreditur berkedudukan sebagai kreditur konkuren. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menelaah pelepasan hak istimewa (privilege of excussion) yang mengakibatkan penjamin dapat digugat secara langsung tanpa perlu menyita harta debitur utama terlebih dahulu, meskipun jaminan kebendaan tidak diikat sempurna.
An Analysis of Investor Legal Protection Against Losses Resulting from System Disruptions in Electronic Stock Transactions Sinatra, Tristan Canari Joseph; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.384

Abstract

The digitalization of the Indonesian capital market, while promising easy access and efficient electronic stock transactions, actually makes investors vulnerable to system disruptions such as broker application downtime or IDX server failures. This research uses a normative-juridical research method. Legal frameworks such as the Capital Market Law, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law appear normatively comprehensive, but fail to provide substantive protection due to weak enforcement, minimal standards for proportional compensation, and reliance on technical evidence that is difficult for investors to obtain. Responsible providers often escape accountability through the pretext of force majeure, while the OJK, as a regulator, is less proactive in technology audits and strict sanctions, shifting the burden of risk to novice investors. Settlement through LAPS-SJK mediation or litigation is also ineffective, as the process is asymmetric and rarely results in real justice. Urgent reforms are needed, mandating transparency in digital infrastructure and automatic redress mechanisms to prevent losses from this technological innovation.
Examining Indonesian Government Accountability And Mitigation Measures In The 2024 Taxpayer Identification Number Data Breach Alatas, Hamzah Haikal Riziq Alwi; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.385

Abstract

This study examines the Indonesian government’s accountability for the 2024 Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP) data breach and evaluates the implementation of personal data protection obligations under the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law). Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, the study finds that the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) has not fully met its duties as a Personal Data Controller. The large-scale breach, involving more than six million records, reveals weaknesses in access control, Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs), privacy-by-design practices, and breach notification procedures. The PDP Law provides administrative, civil, and criminal liability mechanisms for negligent actors, all of which may be applied cumulatively. The findings indicate a significant gap between legal norms and administrative practice, undermining public trust and limiting the effectiveness of the PDP Law in safeguarding personal data.
Effectiveness of Liability Exemption Clause Regulations in Standard Agreements Based on Law Number 8 Of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection Shindy, Felicia; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Al-Risalah VOLUME 26 NO 1, MAY (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.62740

Abstract

Standard agreements are common instruments in modern transactions, whether in the service, trade, or digital services sectors. However, the use of liability exemption clauses by business actors in these agreements often creates an imbalance between business actors and consumers. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions regarding liability exemption clauses based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) and assess the effectiveness of its implementation in providing proportional legal protection for consumers. The research method used is a literature study by examining relevant laws and regulations, law books, academic articles, and court decisions. The results of the study show that normatively, the UUPK, particularly Article 18, explicitly prohibits the inclusion of standard clauses that limit, transfer, or exempt the liability of business actors. This prohibition is imperative, and any clause that contradicts it is declared null and void. However, the effectiveness of this regulation in practice still faces various obstacles, including low consumer awareness, weak supervision, and rampant violations in digital transactions. Nevertheless, the existence of the UUPK remains an important legal basis in efforts to enforce consumer rights and resolve disputes through litigation and non-litigation channels. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision, improve business compliance, and educate consumers to ensure that the protection guaranteed by the UUPK is optimally realized.
Judicial Assessment of Breach in Financing Agreements under Indonesian Contract Law Rusli, Sandra; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.392

Abstract

This study examines legal protection in investment financing defaults through the South Jakarta District Court Decision No. 1216/Pdt.G/2024/PN Jkt.Sel. The dispute arose when the debtor, CV Niaga Traktor Utama, failed to fulfill installment obligations to PT Woori Finance Indonesia Tbk. Using a normative legal method with qualitative analysis, this research reviews primary and secondary legal sources. The findings show that creditor protection operates preventively through prudential assessment, collateral binding, and protective contractual clauses, and repressively through default claims and collateral execution. The debtor’s liability is grounded in fault-based responsibility, requiring compensation, surrender of collateral, and payment of litigation costs when obligations are unmet without justification. The decision reinforces pacta sunt servanda by upholding creditor rights while ensuring fairness and proportionality.
Civil Liability For Breaches in Sale and Purchase Agreements and Their Impact on Consumer Protection Nyandra, Rifdhan Ismeth; Djajaputra, Gunawan
RechtIdee Vol 20, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Trunojoyo Madura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/ri.v20i2.32142

Abstract

Sale and purchase agreements are among the most frequently used forms of engagement in various community activities, both for simple and high-value transactions. Although the Civil Code provides a clear legal basis, particularly regarding the parties' obligations and the consequences of default, practice shows that breaches of agreement still occur frequently and have a direct impact on consumer losses. In digital transactions, forms of default become more diverse due to technical factors, inaccurate information, and the presence of third parties, such as marketplace platforms. The classical legal framework in the Civil Code, including Articles 1238 and 1243, has not been fully able to answer the complexity of modern digital transactions. On the other hand, regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law, the ITE Law, and PP 71/2019 provide strengthening, but have not been systematically integrated with the concept of default. This research aims to fill this gap by analyzing civil liability for default in the context of conventional and digital transactions, using normative legal research methods, with a statutory and case approach. The results show the need for regulatory harmonization to strengthen consumers' position and provide legal certainty in the event of defaults, especially in transactions involving electronic technology and systems.
Co-Authors Achmad Kotyi, Julius Adianie, Nadya Ajo, Fransiska Litania Ea Tawa Alatas, Hamzah Haikal Riziq Alwi Albert Asri Putri, Tiyas Candra, Dimas Carlous, Sancarlous Cevitra, Mendy Dameria, Fiorella Angella David, Brandon Fernando, Gustianus Fikra, Mico Juli Gonadi, Aurora Vania Crisdi Hakim, Mulia Rachman Handayani, Widya Anggayesti Indira Purnawi Putra, Wahyu Iqfa Alfarel Lesmana, Ahmad Iskandar Soewito, Rizal Jonatan, Lirianna Nurtanio Junaedi Junaedi Kho, Indra Kusumonegoro, Kea Ezzati Ascarya Melosia Mangiwa, Devina Moa, Fransiskus Rifandy Nainggolan, Valen Najmi, Maulida Syahrin Natalia Lumare, Lawrina Cristi Nathanael, Enrique Nathanael, Moses Nugroho, Liana P Nur Sharky, Yoliandri Nyandra, Rifdhan Ismeth Putra, Matthew Yohanes Qilan Nurfarhan, Luthfi Rangga Pamungkas, Muhammad Ilham Ratna, Yulvita Rinaldi, Renitha Putri Rozalia, Reiza Rusli, Sandra Saputra, Ardiansyah Sari, Aneta Indriya Shindy, Felicia Siahaan, Debby Flora Sinatra, Tristan Canari Joseph Solihatunnisa, Liha Tifanni, Tifanni Trinita Patricius, Priscilla Wijaya, Jonathan Yeremiarim, Omega Kharisma