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All Journal Al-Risalah : Jurnal Imu Syariah dan Hukum Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Awang Long Law Review Unes Law Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN Jurnal Suara Hukum Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) Law Development Journal Journal of Social Research COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities RechtIdee
Djajaputra, Gunawan
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Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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An Analysis of Investor Legal Protection Against Losses Resulting from System Disruptions in Electronic Stock Transactions Sinatra, Tristan Canari Joseph; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.384

Abstract

The digitalization of the Indonesian capital market, while promising easy access and efficient electronic stock transactions, actually makes investors vulnerable to system disruptions such as broker application downtime or IDX server failures. This research uses a normative-juridical research method. Legal frameworks such as the Capital Market Law, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law appear normatively comprehensive, but fail to provide substantive protection due to weak enforcement, minimal standards for proportional compensation, and reliance on technical evidence that is difficult for investors to obtain. Responsible providers often escape accountability through the pretext of force majeure, while the OJK, as a regulator, is less proactive in technology audits and strict sanctions, shifting the burden of risk to novice investors. Settlement through LAPS-SJK mediation or litigation is also ineffective, as the process is asymmetric and rarely results in real justice. Urgent reforms are needed, mandating transparency in digital infrastructure and automatic redress mechanisms to prevent losses from this technological innovation.
Examining Indonesian Government Accountability And Mitigation Measures In The 2024 Taxpayer Identification Number Data Breach Alatas, Hamzah Haikal Riziq Alwi; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.385

Abstract

This study examines the Indonesian government’s accountability for the 2024 Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP) data breach and evaluates the implementation of personal data protection obligations under the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law). Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, the study finds that the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) has not fully met its duties as a Personal Data Controller. The large-scale breach, involving more than six million records, reveals weaknesses in access control, Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs), privacy-by-design practices, and breach notification procedures. The PDP Law provides administrative, civil, and criminal liability mechanisms for negligent actors, all of which may be applied cumulatively. The findings indicate a significant gap between legal norms and administrative practice, undermining public trust and limiting the effectiveness of the PDP Law in safeguarding personal data.
Effectiveness of Liability Exemption Clause Regulations in Standard Agreements Based on Law Number 8 Of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection Shindy, Felicia; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Al-Risalah VOLUME 26 NO 1, MAY (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.62740

Abstract

Standard agreements are common instruments in modern transactions, whether in the service, trade, or digital services sectors. However, the use of liability exemption clauses by business actors in these agreements often creates an imbalance between business actors and consumers. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions regarding liability exemption clauses based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) and assess the effectiveness of its implementation in providing proportional legal protection for consumers. The research method used is a literature study by examining relevant laws and regulations, law books, academic articles, and court decisions. The results of the study show that normatively, the UUPK, particularly Article 18, explicitly prohibits the inclusion of standard clauses that limit, transfer, or exempt the liability of business actors. This prohibition is imperative, and any clause that contradicts it is declared null and void. However, the effectiveness of this regulation in practice still faces various obstacles, including low consumer awareness, weak supervision, and rampant violations in digital transactions. Nevertheless, the existence of the UUPK remains an important legal basis in efforts to enforce consumer rights and resolve disputes through litigation and non-litigation channels. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision, improve business compliance, and educate consumers to ensure that the protection guaranteed by the UUPK is optimally realized.
Judicial Assessment of Breach in Financing Agreements under Indonesian Contract Law Rusli, Sandra; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.392

Abstract

This study examines legal protection in investment financing defaults through the South Jakarta District Court Decision No. 1216/Pdt.G/2024/PN Jkt.Sel. The dispute arose when the debtor, CV Niaga Traktor Utama, failed to fulfill installment obligations to PT Woori Finance Indonesia Tbk. Using a normative legal method with qualitative analysis, this research reviews primary and secondary legal sources. The findings show that creditor protection operates preventively through prudential assessment, collateral binding, and protective contractual clauses, and repressively through default claims and collateral execution. The debtor’s liability is grounded in fault-based responsibility, requiring compensation, surrender of collateral, and payment of litigation costs when obligations are unmet without justification. The decision reinforces pacta sunt servanda by upholding creditor rights while ensuring fairness and proportionality.
Creditor Protection and Legal Certainty in Loan Agreement Defaults: Perlindungan Kreditur dan Kepastian Hukum dalam Wanprestasi Utang Piutang Rukmana, Kevin Anandita; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i2.1555

Abstract

General Background: Debt agreements are common civil legal relationships that may generate disputes when debtors fail to fulfill their obligations. Specific Background: In debt default cases, creditors require legal protection and legal certainty to secure their rights through available legal instruments. Knowledge Gap: Although civil law normatively regulates creditor protection, practical obstacles remain, including lengthy dispute settlement, high costs, inconsistent legal application, and ineffective execution of court decisions. Aims: This study analyzes legal protection and legal certainty for creditors in debt default agreements and examines the application of good faith and pacta sunt servanda in realizing creditor protection. Results: The findings show that civil law provides preventive and repressive protection through valid agreement requirements, clear rights and obligations, claims for performance, compensation, and agreement cancellation. Legal certainty is reflected in the binding force of valid agreements as law for the parties. However, protection has not been fully optimal in practice due to procedural and enforcement barriers. Good faith supports honest, fair, and reasonable conduct, while pacta sunt servanda affirms the obligation to honor valid agreements. Novelty: The study emphasizes the balanced application of good faith and pacta sunt servanda as the key to aligning legal certainty with justice in creditor protection. Implications: Stronger enforcement, clearer contractual drafting, and consistent judicial application are needed to realize creditor protection more optimally in debt default cases. Highlights: Civil law recognizes preventive and repressive safeguards for harmed parties. Court process duration, expenses, and execution barriers limit practical realization. Balanced contractual principles help align binding obligations with fairness. Keywords: Legal Protection, Legal Certainty, Breach of Contract
Co-Authors Achmad Kotyi, Julius Adianie, Nadya Ajo, Fransiska Litania Ea Tawa Alatas, Hamzah Haikal Riziq Alwi Albert Asri Putri, Tiyas Candra, Dimas Carlous, Sancarlous Cevitra, Mendy Dameria, Fiorella Angella David, Brandon Fikra, Mico Juli Gonadi, Aurora Vania Crisdi Hakim, Mulia Rachman Handayani, Widya Anggayesti Indira Purnawi Putra, Wahyu Iqfa Alfarel Lesmana, Ahmad Iskandar Soewito, Rizal Jonatan, Lirianna Nurtanio Junaedi Junaedi Kho, Indra Kusumonegoro, Kea Ezzati Ascarya Melosia Mangiwa, Devina Moa, Fransiskus Rifandy Nainggolan, Valen Najmi, Maulida Syahrin Natalia Lumare, Lawrina Cristi Nathanael, Enrique Nathanael, Moses Nugroho, Liana P Nur Sharky, Yoliandri Putra, Matthew Yohanes Qilan Nurfarhan, Luthfi Rangga Pamungkas, Muhammad Ilham Ratna, Yulvita Rinaldi, Renitha Putri Rozalia, Reiza Rukmana, Kevin Anandita Rusli, Sandra Saputra, Ardiansyah Sari, Aneta Indriya Shindy, Felicia Sinatra, Tristan Canari Joseph Solihatunnisa, Liha Tifanni, Tifanni Trinita Patricius, Priscilla Wijaya, Jonathan Yeremiarim, Omega Kharisma