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Training on the Utilization of Lime to Empower the Lime Farmers in Bolo Village, Gresik Idha Kusumawati; Sari Retno; Handayani Rosita; Harjono Suko; Yuwono Mochamad; Munandar Tristiana Erawati
Community Development Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Community Development Journal
Publisher : UNUSA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v7i1.3559

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) is one of the important agricultural commodities for residents in the Bolo village, Gresik. The resident of Bolo Village owns an average of 1/4 hectare of lime plantations. However, the price of lime is not stable. In the harvest season, when conditions become surplus in the market, lime prices often drop, causing losses for the farmers. Lack of knowledge about lime product processing is also an obstacle in the utilization and processing of crops. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of citrus farmers in Bolo Village to utilize and process lime crops into Home Industry products, so they do not suffer losses when the lime price drops. Activities are carried out through learning using interactive lecture methods and training through product manufacturing demos. The successful indicator was carried out by evaluating the participants' level of understanding before and after the activity. The training activities significantly increased the participants' knowledge and experience. In addition, this activity also obtained data on the needs of lime farmers. It is hoped that this data can be used for the continuation of the next activity or can also be used by the local government, which wants to help advance agriculture and product diversification in the village of Bolo.

Characterization and Stability Test of Hydrolyzed Collagen Glyserosomes Safiul Fitria, Nur Indah; Erawati, Tristiana; Miatmoko, Andang; Soeratri, Widji
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v11i12024.71-79

Background: Hydrolyzed collagen is a protein obtained from enzymatic denaturation of collagen with a molecular weight of about 10 kDa, and it has been reported to produce anti-aging properties. Delivering hydrolyzed collagen into the dermis becomes a great challenge due to its large molecular weight, so glycerosome, a deformable vesicle containing glycerol as the edge activator, was developed to carry it into the dermis layer. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of glycerol and hydrolyzed collagen on the characteristics and stability of hydrolyzed collagen glycerosomes. Methods: Glycerosomes were composed of soy lecithin and prepared using a thin film lipid method. The lipid film was hydrated with phosphate-buffered saline pH 5 containing different glycerol concentrations (20% and 40%) and hydrolyzed collagen (2.5% and 5%). Then, characteristic tests and stability tests were carried out. Results: Hydrolyzed collagen glycerosomes had vesicle sizes of 170-180 nm, polydispersity index of 0.253-0.279, zeta potential values of -23.70 to -26.50 mV with deformability indexes of 2.25-3.49. The highest percentage of entrapment efficiency was 85.72%, achieved with a glycerol concentration of 40%. During the stability test at 25°C for 12 weeks, the hydrolyzed collagen glycerosomes did not experience pH and entrapment efficiency changes, but it increased the vesicle size. Conclusion: The use of 40% glycerol produced more deformable vesicles than 20% glycerol in hydrolyzed collagen glycerosomes; however, a formula improvement is required to improve the stability of glycerosomes.

Application of the Simplex Lattice Design Methode to Determine the Optimal Formula Nanoemulsion with Virgin Coconut Oil and Palm Oil Pradita Fiqlyanur Isna Primadana; Tristiana Erawati; Noorma Rosita; Hamdan, Siti Hartini
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v11i32024.395-401

Background: The success of nanoemulsion preparation is characterized by characteristics such as small droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), and % transmittance, which are close to 100%. One of these factors is the type of oil component used. The Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method can be used to determine the ratio of oil combinations to obtain an optimal nanoemulsion formula. Objective: The application of the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method can help researchers speed up the acquisition of optimal formulas without trial and error so that nanoemulsion formulas that meet specifications can be obtained. Methods: This research uses the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with Design of Expert Version 13 software, with an upper limit value for oil (VCO and Palm Oil) of 2.66% and a lower limit value for oil (VCO and Palm Oil) of 0, which then The results of several formulas come out and characterization testing is carried out to get the best formula from the recommendations produced by the software. Results: The results of the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) showed that oil affected the droplet size and PDI (p <0.05). Six optimal formulas were obtained, and after testing in the laboratory, there was no significant difference between the results of the SLD program and those of the laboratory (Sig. <0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method is very effective.

Stability and Antiaging Effectiveness Studies of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using a Combination of Cetyl Palmitate and Soybean Oil Zhihrotulwida, Dzakiya; Soeratri, Widji; Erawati, Tristiana; Rosita, Noorma
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.473-481

Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant belonging to carotenoid compounds that is mainly produced from green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. Astaxanthin is beneficial for skin health as antiaging agent, but has limitations in its delivery through the skin. Astaxanthin could be formulated in nanostructured lipid carriers to improve its efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and antiaging effectiveness of astaxanthin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ASX-NLCs) with cetyl palmitate and soybean oil as lipid combinations at several ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. ASX-NLCs were synthesized using a high-shear homogenization technique. ASX-NLCs were characterized and stability evaluated after storage for 90 days. The antiaging effectiveness of ASX-NLCs was evaluated by in vitro release test using dialysis bag for 8 hours, as well as collagen density and fibroblast count evaluation on UV-induced skin aging mice for 28 days. After storage, all ASX-NLCs did not change significantly in organoleptic, pH, and particle size. However, other parameters including polydispersity index, viscosity, and entrapment efficiency experienced significant changes in some formulas. The release test showed that F4 (70:30) gave the highest cumulative release and was significantly different from F1 (100:0). The collagen density of the groups treated with ASX-NLC F3 (80:20) and F4 (70:30) increased significantly compared to the UVB control group, while the fibroblast count did not differ significantly in all groups. Overall, ASX-NLCs containing cetyl palmitate and soybean oil at ratios of 80:20 and 70:30 could improve the antiaging effect of astaxanthin which might be influenced by its better stability and release.

Design and Optimization of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Quercetin in Skin Lightening Applications Ressa Marisa; Widji Soeratri; Tristiana Erawati Munandar
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v12i12025.15-25

Background: Quercetin, a potential skin-lightening agent, reduces intracellular and fungal tyrosinase activities. However, its poor water solubility and limited skin permeability hinder its applications. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), which are composed of biocompatible and biodegradable lipids, enhance drug stability and skin penetration. The lipid type, surfactant concentration, and formulation parameters influence NLC stability. Objective: This study aimed to optimize NLC formulations for quercetin delivery by evaluating their organoleptic properties, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and pH. Methods: NLCs were prepared using 10% total lipids (4% solid and 6% liquid lipids) and surfactant mixtures at varying concentrations via High Shear Homogenization. Initial formulations using myristic acid and castor oil were unstable and underwent phase separation within five days. Results: Substituting the solid lipid with a 1:3 combination of beeswax and cocoa butter produced a stable formulation during storage at room temperature. The lipid and surfactant compositions significantly influenced the particle size and PDI. While the pH remained stable, statistical analysis revealed significant changes in particle size and PDI across the formulations. Conclusion: Optimized NLC formulations for quercetin delivery demonstrated improved stability and potential for effective skin lightening. Further research is warranted to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and scalability of this approach.

Physical Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook f.) Essential Oil Nanoemulgel as a Natural Cosmetic Widyowati, Retno; Sari, Trisiyana Sholika; Munandar, Tristiana Erawati
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Background : Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to skin damage. Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil is rich in trans-anethole, a compound reported as the dominant component (over 88%) in previous GC-MS studies. Trans-anethole possesses potent antioxidant properties; however, its lipophilic nature limits its solubility and topical bioavailability. Objective : This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulgel formulation Illicium verum essential oil and to evaluate its antioxidant activity for potential application as a natural antioxidant. Methods : Essential oil (1% w/v) was extracted by steam distillation and formulated into a nanoemulgel using a self-nanoemulsifying technique, which involves the spontaneous formation of nano-sized droplets upon mixing the oil phase with surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80 in a 6:1 ratio) under agitation. The resulting nanoemulsion was incorporated into a hydrogel base using 1% Carbopol 940, a hydrophilic polymer that forms a three-dimensional network capable of retaining water, creating a gel-like texture suitable for topical application. The formulation was evaluated for pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and stability. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, with ascorbic acid as the positive control then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results : The nanoemulgel showed pH 6.03 ± 0.28, viscosity 13164 ± 2.65 cP, droplet size 188.5 ± 0.49 nm, PDI 0.1638 ± 0.15, and zeta potential -41.09 ± 1.59 mV indicating good physical stability and homogeneity. It passed centrifugation and spreadability tests and exhibited a semi-transparent appearance with a smooth texture and pleasant aroma. According to established criteria (Itam et al., 2021), the IC₅₀ value of the nanoemulgel (85.03 ± 0.75 µg/mL) demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, while the essential oil alone exhibited strong activity (IC₅₀ = 50.89 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and ascorbic acid, used as a positive control, showed very strong activity (IC₅₀ = 2.59 ± 0.28 µg/mL). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions : The nanoemulgel formulation demonstrated favorable physical properties, including skin-compatible pH, suitable viscosity, nano-sized droplets, low polydispersity, and high colloidal stability. It retained moderate antioxidant activity, supporting its potential application as a natural antioxidant cosmetic. Further in vivo studies are recommended to validate its clinical efficacy.

Physical Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook f.) Essential Oil Nanoemulgel as a Natural Cosmetic Widyowati, Retno; Sari, Trisiyana Sholika; Munandar, Tristiana Erawati
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Background : Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to skin damage. Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil is rich in trans-anethole, a compound reported as the dominant component (over 88%) in previous GC-MS studies. Trans-anethole possesses potent antioxidant properties; however, its lipophilic nature limits its solubility and topical bioavailability. Objective : This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulgel formulation Illicium verum essential oil and to evaluate its antioxidant activity for potential application as a natural antioxidant. Methods : Essential oil (1% w/v) was extracted by steam distillation and formulated into a nanoemulgel using a self-nanoemulsifying technique, which involves the spontaneous formation of nano-sized droplets upon mixing the oil phase with surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80 in a 6:1 ratio) under agitation. The resulting nanoemulsion was incorporated into a hydrogel base using 1% Carbopol 940, a hydrophilic polymer that forms a three-dimensional network capable of retaining water, creating a gel-like texture suitable for topical application. The formulation was evaluated for pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and stability. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, with ascorbic acid as the positive control then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results : The nanoemulgel showed pH 6.03 ± 0.28, viscosity 13164 ± 2.65 cP, droplet size 188.5 ± 0.49 nm, PDI 0.1638 ± 0.15, and zeta potential -41.09 ± 1.59 mV indicating good physical stability and homogeneity. It passed centrifugation and spreadability tests and exhibited a semi-transparent appearance with a smooth texture and pleasant aroma. According to established criteria (Itam et al., 2021), the IC₅₀ value of the nanoemulgel (85.03 ± 0.75 µg/mL) demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, while the essential oil alone exhibited strong activity (IC₅₀ = 50.89 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and ascorbic acid, used as a positive control, showed very strong activity (IC₅₀ = 2.59 ± 0.28 µg/mL). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions : The nanoemulgel formulation demonstrated favorable physical properties, including skin-compatible pH, suitable viscosity, nano-sized droplets, low polydispersity, and high colloidal stability. It retained moderate antioxidant activity, supporting its potential application as a natural antioxidant cosmetic. Further in vivo studies are recommended to validate its clinical efficacy.

Edukasi dan Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Desa Dlingo Bantul sebagai Upaya Pencapaian Tujuan SDGs di Bidang Kesehatan: Education and Training on the Use of Family Medicinal Plants in Dlingo Village, Bantul, as an Initiative to Support the Achievement of Health-Related SDGs Sukardiman, Sukardiman; Kusumawati, Idha; Handayani, Rosita; Sudjarwo, Sudjarwo; Munandar, Tristiana Erawati; Yusuf, Helmy; Diyah, Nuzul Wahyuning; Poerwono, Hadi; Purwanto, Bambang Tri
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 10 No. 7 (2025): PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v10i7.10042

Global health issues have become increasingly urgent following the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in approximately 6.6 million deaths by 2022. This impact has prompted communities to revert to traditional medicines, aligning with the National Development Planning System (RPJPN) 2005-2025, which promotes a health paradigm through traditional remedies. Community service activities were carried out in partnership with the Ngudi Makmur Farmer Group (POKTAN) in Dlingo Village, Bantul Regency. The primary objective of this activity was to enhance residents’ knowledge in Dlingo Village regarding the benefits and processing of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA). The methods employed included material development, counseling sessions, question-and-answer discussions, and direct practical training in the preparation of aromatherapy candles. Evaluation was undertaken using pretests and posttests, which demonstrated a significant increase in participants’ understanding. The average scores rose from 81.67 (pretest) to 132.5 (posttest), with a statistically significant difference (p <0.001). These findings indicate that the counseling was effective in improving knowledge about TOGA and its utilization in producing aromatherapy candles. Such activities not only enhance awareness but also reinforce community autonomy in managing traditional medicinal resources, in line with the health-related objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

PERAN STRATEGIS PKK DALAM MENUNJANG PENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG OBAT DAN SUPLEMEN MAKANAN Hendradi, Esti; Sari, Retno; Purwanti, Tutiek; Erawati, Tristiana; Miatmoko, Andang; Sugiyartono, Sugiyartono
JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Vol 9, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jmm.v9i2.28739

Abstrak: Pemahaman masyarakat tentang obat termasuk cara mendapatkan, menggunakan, menyimpan dan membuang serta penggunaan suplemen makanan masih perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, terutama untuk masyarakat perifer. Peran apoteker dibutuhkan dalam mengedukasi masyarakat dengan melibatkan gerakan Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK). Tujuan PKM ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang obat dan suplemen makanan kepada masyarakat dengan memberdayakan PKK. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga telah menyelenggarakan kegiatan bakti sosial bersama-sama IAI dan kader PKK di Kota Madya Tuban dalam bentuk penyuluhan atau sosialisasi terkait obat dan suplemen makanan. Sosialisasi dilakukan melalui Webinar via Zoom Meeting dalam bentuk seminar dan diskusi interaktif, karena aktivitas pengabdian dilaksanakan saat pandemi Covid-19. Sebagai mitra pada pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Kader PKK dan Ketua Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI) Cabang Tuban dengan jumlah peserta yang hadir sejumlah 71 orang. Hasil evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengikuti kegiatan rerata pemahaman peserta meningkat 7,04% dan 12,7% masing-masing untuk materi DAGUSIBU dan Probiotik. Diharapkan PKK secara aktif menyebar-luaskan kegiatan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat di seluruh desa.Abstract: Public understanding of medicines, including how to obtain, use, store and dispose of them as well as the use of food supplements, still needs special attention, especially for peripheral communities. The role of pharmacists is needed in educating the public by involving the Family Empowerment and Welfare (PKK) movement. The aim of this PKM is to increase knowledge about medicines and food supplements among the community by empowering PKK. The community service team at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University has held social service activities together with IAI and PKK cadres in Tuban in the form of counseling or outreach regarding medicines and food supplements. Socialization was carried out through Webinar via Zoom Meeting in the form of seminars and interactive discussions, because service activities were carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic. As partners in this community service were PKK cadres and the Chair of the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) in Tuban city with a total of 71 participants attending. The evaluation results via pre-test and post-test showed that after participating in the activity the participants' average understanding increased by 7.04% and 12.7% for DAGUSIBU and Probiotic material, respectively. It is hoped that the PKK will actively spread outreach activities to communities throughout the village.

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF VCO AND OLEIC ACID FOR NLC QUERCETIN USING SIMPLE LATTICE DESIGN Cahyono, Definta Anisa Tamara; Rosita, Noorma; Erawati, Tristiana
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i3.1747

Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that exhibits skin-brightening activity by inhibiting tyrosinase. However, its topical application is limited because of its low solubility. A Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) was selected as the delivery system to enhance the stability and topical efficacy of quercetin. This study aimed to optimize the combination ratio of oleic acid and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as the liquid lipid phase in the NLC Blank Formulation using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. Eight blank NLC formulations were prepared using the high-shear homogenization method and were evaluated based on organoleptic properties, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, and real-time stability over 30 days. Eight blank NLC Blank Formulations showed that a balanced VCO to oleic acid ratio (5.5:4.5) produced small particle sizes (<160 nm), low polydispersity index (PDI <0.25), and good physical stability. Blank Formulations dominated by either VCO or oleic acid tended to have larger particles and lower stability, indicating that the liquid lipid ratio influenced the NLC characteristics. Optimization using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method identified three optimal lipid ratios: B1 (4.86:5.31), B2 (2:8), and B3 (9:1), each with desirability values near 1. The model was validated by comparing the predicted (dry lab) and experimental (wet lab) data, which showed no significant differences in key parameters (p > 0.05), confirming the reliability of the SLD model. This approach effectively optimized quercetin-loaded NLC Blank Formulations, and the three selected Blank Formulas serve as a strong basis for developing topical quercetin NLC products.

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