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Factors Causing Maternal Death due to COVID-19 in Several Countries: A Literature Review Mustofa, Vina Firmanty; Prasetyo, Budi; Indriani, Diah; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah
Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia Volume 18 No.2 Agustus 2023
Publisher : Master Program of Health Promotion Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpki.18.2.100-108

Background: Since 2019, the world has been faced with a global crisis. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has an impact on all populations, including pregnant women, who are among the most vulnerable and at-risk population groups. The worldwide spread of the virus is called the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the factors that cause maternal death during pregnancy and postpartum due to COVID-19 in several countries.Method: A literature review was conducted to explore broadly the causes of maternal deaths due to COVID in several countries. Article search on three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. A total of 7 articles were analyzed. The data studied are cases of death and their causes.Results: The study was conducted in the period 2018 to 2021 with the type of research using retrospective data. When compared to before the pandemic, there was a significant increase in the number of maternal deaths. Factors that increase the risk of maternal death come from direct and indirect factors. Indirect factors such as age, health facility access, inadequate tools, and health services, access to knowledge, cultural practice, and poverty. Direct factors are comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and immune impairment. Pregnant women who do not have comorbidities can have a poor prognosis with undetected causes of death. Health facilities need to conduct early screening so that direct and indirect factors can be minimized to prevent maternal mortality.

Characteristics and treatment in patient with Vaginismus in East Java Indonesia Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan; Hardianto, Gatut; Paraton, Hari; Setyo Hadi, Tri Hastono; Widyasari, Anis; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 13. No. 3 July 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v13i3.2231

Background - Vaginismus is still an under-researched case of women's health despite its universal prevalence. Aim -This study aims to explore the characteristics of vaginismus in East Java Indonesia. Methods- The subjects in this study were all new female patients with Vaginismus was found in a single hospital - East Java Indonesia in 2022. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the medical records. Descriptive data are presented as numbers and percentages for categorical data. Results – Vaginismus was found in a single hospital - East Java Indonesia. Based on medical record data, throughout 2022 there will be 60 patients with a diagnosis of Genito Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder (GPPPD). The results of the assessment of patient characteristics showed that almost all patients were of reproductive age. Most of the respondents have been married for more than 1 year. Management is carried out independently and collaboratively. A total of 60 patients underwent anamnesis and physical examination. Complaints experienced by patients are failure to penetrate. Treatment was done using Botox injections, dilatation, hymenectomy, and consultation to psychiatrist and andrologist. Conclusion - Management in cases of Vaginismus requires cross-professional collaboration such as psychiatrists and andrology. The treatment given also tends to be complex.

Direct Experience with Cervical Cancer Patient, Husband Support, and Self-Perception as Determinant Factors of Women’s Desire to Take VIA Screening Test Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Dewanti, Linda
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Kanker serviks menyebabkan 10.3% kematian pada perempuan di Indonesia. Inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) telah digunakan untuk program skrining sejak tahun 2014 tetapi hanya 2,45 % perempuan yang melakukan pemeriksaan pada tahun 2015. Di tempat penelitian, cakupan skrining metode IVA kurang dari 1%. Penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan faktor psikososial sebagai satu faktor penting, tetapi sedikit penelitian yang menganalisis peran dukungan suami dan pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari hubungan antara pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks, dukungan suami, persepsi diri dan keinginan perempuan melakukan skrining IVA. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan secara acak pada perempuan berusia 25-55 tahun di empat kelurahan di Yogyakarta. Seluruh data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Sebagian besar dari 188 responden memiliki persepsi yang benar mengenai kanker serviks dan pentingnya pemeriksaan IVA, tetapi mereka tidak menerima dukungan yang cukup dari suami. Sebagian kecil memiliki pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa usia, persepsi yang benar, dan dukungan suami berhubungan dengan keinginan perempuan untuk melakukan skrining IVA (nilai p < 0.05), sedangkan pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks tidak berhubungan dengan keinginan melakukan skrining. Perempuan dengan persepsi yang benar dan dukungan suami lebih bersedia melakukan skrining IVA. Cervical cancer causes 10.3% women mortality in Indonesia. Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) had been used for screening program since 2014, but only 2.45% women took the test in 2015. In the place of this study, the coverage was at less than 1%. Previous studies revealed that psychosocial was an important factor, but less studies analyzed the role of husband support and direct experience with cervical cancer patient. The aim of the study was to learn correlation between direct experience with cervical cancer patient, husband support, self-perception and women’s desire to take VIA screening. Crosssectional study was applied randomly on women aged 25-55 years old at four villages in Yogyakarta. All data were taken by questionnaire. Most of 188 respondents had right perception of cervical cancer and the importance of VIA, but they did not receive adequate support from their husband. Few of them had direct experience with cervical cancer patient. Statistical results showed that age, right perception and husband support were correlated with women’s desire to take VIA test (p value< 0.05), while direct experience with cervical cancer patient was not correlate. Women with right perception and husband support are more willing to take VIA test.

EDUKASI KESEHATAN DASAR PANGGUL DAN LATIHAN KEGEL BAGI IBU HAMIL: PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan; Hardianto, Gatut; Wahyuningtyas, Riska; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Mustofa, Vina Firmanty; Safitri, Cahyani Tiara; Kurniawan, Agde Muzaky; Mardianti, Mardianti
Jurnal AbdiMas Nusa Mandiri Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Periode Oktober 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Nusa Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33480/abdimas.v7i2.6447

Cesarean delivery is associated with complications in pregnant women, including pelvic floor disorders. Kegel exercises can help maintain pelvic floor health and support normal delivery. This community service activity aimed to provide education on pelvic floor health and Kegel exercises to empower pregnant women at Pucang Sewu Public Health Center, Surabaya, in 2024. The program was conducted in three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Preparation involved coordination, planning, and developing a physical activity book for pregnant women. The implementation phase included education sessions and Kegel exercise training using a two-way communication method. Evaluation was conducted through pretest–posttest and observation of participants’ practice skills. The activity was attended by 27 pregnant women and 10 healthcare workers. The results showed increased knowledge and skills among participants after the training, indicated by higher posttest scores and active participation during practice. More than half of the participants had never exercised regularly before. This program effectively improved participants’ understanding and ability to perform Kegel exercises. The health center is expected to continue providing education to encourage pregnant women to practice Kegel exercises independently at home.

PERINEUM MASSAGE EDUCATION TO EMPOWER PREGNANT WOMEN IN PREVENTING PERINEAL RUPTURE AT PENELEH PUBLICH HEALTH CENTER SURABAYA 2023 Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan; Hardianto, Gatut; Wahyuningtyas, Riska; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Mustofa, Vina Firmanty; Safitri, Cahyani Tiara; Kurniawan, Agde Muzaky; Rustam, Mardianti
Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL LAYANAN MASYARAKAT
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jlm.v8i2.2024.162-169

The three highest causes of maternal death in Indonesia, which is bleeding. Severe perineal rupture or what is called OASIS can cause bleeding that can lead to death. This community service activity aims to provide education about perineal massage to empower pregnant women to prevent perineal rupture at the Peneleh Public Health Center, Surabaya in 2023. Partnership programs are needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. The problem faced by partners is that even though pregnancy classes are running, they do not yet provide material on preventing perineal rupture and practicing perineal massage so mothers do not have an understanding of techniques for preventing perineal rupture. Apart from that, health workers have not mastered perineal massage techniques so they cannot provide their knowledge to pregnant women. Activities are carried out in the form of providing material and practice. The evaluation was carried out by administering a pretest and posttest for knowledge and assessment of perineal massage skills for pregnant women and health workers. The evaluation method used was the ability of pregnant women to perform phantom perineal massage exercises. Pregnant women are said to be able to do this if they can do it correctly. Providing education related to perineal massage can increase the knowledge and skills of pregnant women thereby supporting the prevention of bleeding. Suggestions for community health centers to improve education so that pregnant women are ready to do it independently at home and provide support to health workers to provide education to pregnant women.

Edukasi Pencegahan Prolaps Organ Panggul Pasca Kehamilan dan Persalinan: Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan; Hardianto, Gatut; Wahyuningtyas, Riska; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Mustofa, Vina Firmanty; Safitri, Cahyani Tiara; Kurniawan, Agde Muzaky; Mardianti, Mardianti
Kolaborasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 5 No 4 (2025): Kolaborasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Yayasan Inspirasi El Burhani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56359/kolaborasi.v5i4.584

Introduction:Pelvic organ prolapse is the descent of the pelvic structure into the vagina due to weakness of the ligaments or muscles. This complication can affect the quality of life of women in the future. One of the risk factors is related to pregnancy and childbirth. The health center is one of the health facilities that meet and make initial contact with pregnant women. Objective: This community service aims to empower health workers in preventing pelvic organ prolapse as a long-term impact that is at risk of occurring due to the physiological process of pregnancy and childbirth so that it can contribute to improving the quality of life of mothers. Method: This public service was conducted by the community service team from Universitas Airlangga on October 5, 2024, involving 27 pregnant women and 10 healthcare workers. The activities were designed to be participatory. Evaluation was carried out by providing pretests and posttests to pregnant women and health workers. Result: The activities carried out were providing materials on the introduction of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), risk factors for POP related to pregnancy and childbirth, the impact of POP on women's quality of life, prevention of POP during pregnancy and childbirth, family support, and management if POP has occurred. The average pretest score was 76.00 (SD ± 5.2), while the average posttest score increased to 78.00 (SD ± 4.8). Statistical analysis indicated a significant increase in knowledge before and after the educational intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The community partnership program proved effective in increasing participants' knowledge. It is recommended that this program be carried out regularly and expanded in scope to reach a broader audience, enhancing awareness and understanding of POP, particularly among pregnant women and healthcare workers.

TODDLER FECES MANAGEMENT AND BASIC IMMUNIZATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS: Pengelolaan Feses Balita dan Imunisasi Dasar Terhadap Kejadian Diare Balita: Analisis Spasial Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Mahmudah, Mahmudah; Wibowo, Arief; Indriani, Diah; Rosita Dewi, Erni; Firmanty Mustofa, Vina
Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V12I12024.18-25

Background: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. 23.8% prevalence of diarrhea was found among children under five years of age. Area-based management is required to address and provide specific interventions. Purpose: The study aims to analyze the effect of unsafe toddler feces management and incomplete primary immunization on the incidence of diarrhea using a spatial analysis in East Java, Indonesia. Methods: The data used is the 2018 Basic Health Research data. The measurement of the relationship between region and diarrhea was carried out by studying Moran's I index. Lisa Cluster Map and the Lisa Significance Map were also studied to understand distribution and significance. The regression used is OLS regression, spatial lag, and spatial error. The best model is assessed by comparing various parameters. Data were analyzed using GeoDA. Results: Moran's I result shows an index value of 0.489 with a pseudo-value of 0.001 (p <0.05) and a z-value of 3.7515. Lisa Cluster Map shows seven high-high category areas, five low-low category areas, and one high-low category area. Lisa's Significance Map shows six areas p=0.05, three areas p=0.01, and four areas p=0.001. The unsafe management of toddler feces and incomplete primary immunization related to diarrhea shows a significance of p<0.05. By comparing the R square, log-likelihood, p(sign), and sigma square values, the better model is the spatial lag model. Conclusion: The unsafe toddler feces management and incomplete primary immunization related to diarrhea.

A-PRESERVE: Airlangga Perineal Repair Workshop for Health Service in Surabaya Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan; Wahyuningtyas, Riska; Hardianto, Gatut; Hadi, Tri Hastono Setyo; Putra, M. Dimas Abdi; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah
Kolaborasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Kolaborasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Yayasan Inspirasi El Burhani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56359/kolaborasi.v6i1.765

Introduction: Perineal rupture is a common complication during childbirth that requires appropriate management to prevent further morbidity. The knowledge and skills of midwives and general practitioners in performing perineal tear suturing at primary health care centers are crucial to ensure optimal care and minimize the risk of complications while promoting faster recovery of patients. Objective: This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of midwives and general practitioners in suturing perineal tears through workshops and training at primary health facilities. Method: The workshop was attended by 40 participants, consisting of midwives and general practitioners, for 150 minutes. The activity included training on perineal anatomy, suturing techniques, post-repair management, and practical suturing simulation using a cow tongue model. Participants completed questionnaires covering demographic data, and pre- and post-tests consisting of 10 questions about perineal tear repair. Result: Most participants were women in the productive age range, with a majority holding bachelor's degrees. Only a few had prior experience attending suturing workshops. Pre-test results showed lower knowledge compared to post-test results. The mean rank for pretest was 26.18 while posttest was 54.83, with a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant improvement in participants’ knowledge after the intervention. Conclusion: The workshop were effective in enhancing the knowledge of midwives and general practitioners in managing perineal tears. The findings highlight the importance of routine technical training to elevate the quality of childbirth care in public health centers.

EDUKASI KESEHATAN DASAR PANGGUL DAN LATIHAN KEGEL BAGI IBU HAMIL: PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan; Hardianto, Gatut; Wahyuningtyas, Riska; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Mustofa, Vina Firmanty; Safitri, Cahyani Tiara; Kurniawan, Agde Muzaky; Mardianti, Mardianti
Jurnal AbdiMas Nusa Mandiri Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Periode Oktober 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Nusa Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33480/abdimas.v7i2.6447

Cesarean delivery is associated with complications in pregnant women, including pelvic floor disorders. Kegel exercises can help maintain pelvic floor health and support normal delivery. This community service activity aimed to provide education on pelvic floor health and Kegel exercises to empower pregnant women at Pucang Sewu Public Health Center, Surabaya, in 2024. The program was conducted in three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Preparation involved coordination, planning, and developing a physical activity book for pregnant women. The implementation phase included education sessions and Kegel exercise training using a two-way communication method. Evaluation was conducted through pretest–posttest and observation of participants’ practice skills. The activity was attended by 27 pregnant women and 10 healthcare workers. The results showed increased knowledge and skills among participants after the training, indicated by higher posttest scores and active participation during practice. More than half of the participants had never exercised regularly before. This program effectively improved participants’ understanding and ability to perform Kegel exercises. The health center is expected to continue providing education to encourage pregnant women to practice Kegel exercises independently at home.

Faktor-faktor yang Berkontribusi pada Status Hidrasi Pekerja Sektor Manufaktur di Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur Damayanti, Ratih; Lutfiya, Indah; Noviarmi, Fadilatus Sukma Ika; Alayyanur, Putri Ayuni; Zolkefley, Mohd Khairul Izamil; Rahmawati, Nur Anisah; Afina, Yoriza Mirsa
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Mulawarman (JKMM) Vol.8 No.1 (2026) : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Mulawarman (JKMM)
Publisher : Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jkmm.v8i1.26251

Latar belakang: Status hidrasi yang buruk dipengaruhi oleh beban tambahan yang ada di lingkungan kerja yaitu iklim kerja panas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status hidrasi pada pekerja sektor manufaktur di Surabaya, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang melibatkan 257 pekerja dari total 504 pekerja manufaktur. Variabel independen meliputi unit kerja, umur, jenis kelamin, status gizi, suhu lingkungan kerja, konsumsi air, dan konsumsi minuman berkafein. Variabel dependen adalah status hidrasi yang diukur menggunakan berat jenis urin (urine specific gravity/USG). Pengukuran suhu lingkungan kerja dilakukan menggunakan Quest Temp Heat Stress Monitor Model 32. Status hidrasi diukur menggunakan sampel urine pagi bagian tengah (midstream urine) yang dianalisis menggunakan refraktometer. Data dianalisis secara deskripttif dan statistic. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 60,3% pekerja memiliki status hidrasi normal, sedangkan 16% mengalami dehidrasi minimal, 14,8% dehidrasi signifikan, dan 16,2% dehidrasi berat. Konsumsi air dan kebiasaan mengonsumsi minuman berkafein berhubungan signifikan dengan status hidrasi pekerja (p < 0,05). Sementara itu, unit kerja, umur, jenis kelamin, status gizi, dan suhu lingkungan kerja tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan status hidrasi pekerja (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Pihak manajemen disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan drinking station, scheduled hydration breaks secara berkala serta menyediakan alat pantau hidrasi visual berupa poster skema warna urin (Urine Color Chart) dan memberikan edukasi kepada pekerja terkait konsumsi cairan dan pembatasan konsumsi kafein.

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