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Sukarmi, Sukarmi
Fakulas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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New Paradigm of RegTech for Holding Digital Corporations (HODCs) in Indonesia: From Disruptive to Sustaining Innovation Airin Liemanto; Sukarmi Sukarmi; Reka Dewantara; Nurul Ula Ulya
Kertha Patrika Vol 44 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2022.v44.i03.p.01

Abstract

The digital era demands transformation of all sectors, including the sector of economic law. The concept of economic law that is demanded to transform and transplant itself is the legal concept in the digital founding of companies. Companies no longer possess conventional schemes; they have transformed in terms of management patterns, market reach, and even organizational structure toward digital concepts, and therefore the law must be adaptive with these developments. The research for this article has the objective of forming new legal paradigms in the founding of companies. It takes the form of a normative legal research with usage of the philosophical and statute approaches. The results of the research showed that the adoption of concepts from the New Paradigm Theory of Kuhn requires a new legal paradigm with a new legal regime, because the old legal regime is not adaptive to the new form of companies with the conception of an enterprise form utilizing a technological approach through the aid of Regtech.
Cartel Indications on Determination of Loan Interest Rate in Fintech Lending Sukarmi Sukarmi; Ranitya Ganindha; Reka Dewantara
Yustisia Vol 11, No 3: December 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v11i3.56339

Abstract

The application of information technology platforms that appear in business transactions in Indonesia is a pattern of business models that cannot be avoided. One of the rapidly growing technology companies is an online loan service.The ease of borrowing funds through these services supports business growth. In contrast to the banking sector, which is regulated by a series of strict government regulations and the determination of interest rates that have been determined by looking at economic conditions. The absence of regulation in the legislation makes AFPI set the limit for determining the maximum interest rate, but the determination of interest rates by AFPI is suspected to lead to cartel actions. There is a close relationship between fair business competition and consumer protection. This research is a normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a comparative approach. In this case, the setting of interest rate limits will reduce consumers’ rights to get competitive prices. The existence of conscious parallelism by the AFPI on the LPMUBTI services can be categorized as a price fixing agreement. It is because the determination of the maximum interest rate limit is not regulated through direct government regulations.
Pergeseran Paradigma Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Setijati Sekarasih; Abdul Rachmad Budiono; Sukarmi Sukarmi; Budi Santoso
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol 8, No 2 (2023): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v8i2.6831

Abstract

The paradigm shift in the establishment of a Limited Liability Company by an individual has implications for Company Law in Indonesia. Some of these implications relate to accountability and aspects of supervision in the governance of Limited Liability Companies (good corporate governance), because in an individual company there is no known GMS and the Board of Commissioners. This paper will analyze the paradigm shift in the establishment of a Limited Liability Company in a new approach that has never been used before, namely the perspective of agreement and institutional theory. The method used is normative legal research. The results of the research show that both before the amendment and after the amendment to Law no. 40 of 2007, the legal framework for Limited Liability Companies still adheres to a blend of contract theory and institutional theory. Likewise with the organ structure of the Limited Liability Company also did not experience changes in Law no. 6 of 2023, which consists of GMS, Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners, although it has been recognized that there are individual companies. The result of the absence of GMS and the Board of Commissioners in an individual company is the absence of checks and balances and oversight mechanisms that have the potential to violate the principles of good corporate governance, such as transparency, accountability and responsibility. Pergeseran paradigma pendirian perseroan terbatas oleh perseorangan telah membawa implikasi terhadap hukum perseroan di Indonesia. Beberapa implikasi tersebut menyangkut pertanggungjawaban dan aspek pengawasan dalam tata kelola Perseroan Terbatas (good corporate governance), sebab dalam perseroan perorangan tidak dikenal adanya RUPS dan Dewan Komisaris. Tulisan ini akan mengananalisis pergeseran paradigma pendirian Perseroan Terbatas dalam pendekatan baru yang belom pernah digunakan sebelumnya, yakni perspektif teori perjanjian dan kelembagaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian mengetengahkan bahwa baik sebelum perubahan maupun setelah perubahan UU No. 40 Tahun 2007, kerangka hukum perseroan terbatas masih menganut perpaduan antara teori perjanjian dan teori kelembagaan. Struktur organ perseroan terbatas juga tidak mengalami perubahan dalam UU No. 6 Tahun 2023, yakni terdiri dari RUPS, Direksi, dan Dewan Komisaris, meskipun telah diakui adanya perseroan perorangan. Pertentangan norma kemudian semakin terlihat dalam Pasal 7 ayat (2) huruf g PP No. 8 Tahun 2021 yang menyiratkan bahwa organ dari perseroan perorangan hanya terdiri dari direktur (direksi) yang juga merangkap sebagai pemegang saham. Artinya tidak terdapat RUPS dan Dewan Komisaris. Akibat dari tidak adanya RUPS dan Dewan Komisaris dalam perseroan perorangan adalah tidak adanya mekanisme check and balances dan pengawasan yang berpotensi melanggar prinsip good corporate governance, seperti transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan tanggung jawab.    
IMPLICATIONS OF THE REGULATION OF SHARE TRANSFER IN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AS STATE CAPITAL PARTICIPATION Tiara Putri Aristy; Sukarmi; Indah Dwi Qurbani
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 3 No. 5 (2023): September
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v3i6.1205

Abstract

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are crucial to a country's economy. One of the ways SOEs obtain capital is through the transfer of shares. SOE share transfer arrangements are important in overseeing state capital in SOE companies. This study analyses the urgency of changing the share transfer arrangements in SOEs as state capital participation. This research uses normative research methods. The techniques used by researchers to obtain legal materials are document studies and literature studies. All legal materials successfully found and selected by researchers were inventoried, classified, and analyzed using systematic, grammatical and historical interpretation techniques. The results show that the ratio legis of the transfer of state-owned shares in BUMN as state equity participation in other BUMN in Government Regulation No. 72/2016 is to improve the performance of BUMN to be more efficient, effective, and profitable. The transfer of state-owned shares in SOEs as state equity participation in other SOEs aims to increase the efficiency of SOEs by optimizing existing resources, increase the effectiveness of SOEs by improving the quality of services to the public and increase the profitability of SOEs by increasing revenue and reducing costs.
The Critical Study of the Omnibus Bill on Job Creation Based on John Rawls View on Justice Kukuh Tejomurti; Sukarmi Sukarmi
Unnes Law Journal Vol 6 No 2 (2020): Unnes L.J. (October, 2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ulj.v6i2.41709

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the critical study of The Omnibus Bill On Job Creation based on John Rawls view On Justice. The Government and the House of Representatives ratified the Omnibus Bill on Job Creation through a plenary meeting on October 5, 2020. This is more focused on improving economic growth or investment but does not pay attention to increase the protection and competence of human resources. The type of this research uses normative legal research, legal research that is conducted based on law and regulation, and library material. Related to this type of research, the approach used in this paper is legal, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. According to the result of research, it can be concluded that the rules of the Omnibus Bill on Job Creation has implications for the imbalance of position between companies and workers and do not provide legal certainty for workers' protection. According to John Rawls, a justice will not sacrifice the rights of some people for the benefits enjoyed by others. Based on the opinion of John Rawls, we can know that if we sacrifice the rights of others for profit is not right. The cooperation based on a work agreement should be of benefit to all parties. These are benefits that can provide welfare to one another. Companies do not need to pay as high as company directors, but companies must be transparent about finances.
PENCEGAHAN KEGIATAN ILLEGAL LOGGING PADA KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN MELALUI USAHA PRODUKTIF PEMELIHARAAN AYAM KUB SEMI INTENSIF Irfan H. Djunaidi; Siti Azizah; Sukarmi Sukarmi; Ike Wanusmawatie
E-Amal: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 4 No 1: Januari-April 2024
Publisher : LP2M STP Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47492/eamal.v4i1.3082

Abstract

Kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB), kerap kali terganggu dengan adanya kegiatan illegal logging (pembalakan kayu liar) yang dilakukan oleh oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Pemicu dan penyebab utama dari pembalakan liar tersebut terutama adalah masalah ekonomi dengan tujuan mendapatkan penghasilan dari kayu yang dicuri, meskipun hal tersebut melanggar aturan. Sebagian besar masyarakat disekitar hutan termasuk keluarga miskin yang hidup dengan menggaduh ternak dan tidak banyak memiliki akses ke lahan dan tanaman sehingga membatasi kemampuan dan minat mereka untuk menanam atau mengelola tanaman. Pendekatan kegiatan ekonomi produkstif melalui kegiatan beternak merupakan alternatif yang bisa menjadi salah satu solusi, yaitu berupa kegiatan homeyard farming ayam kampung semi intensif. Jenis ternak ayam kampung petelur yaitu ayam KUB 2 dipilih karena adaptif terhadap lingkungan, bermodal kecil, tahan penyakit dan pakan bisa didapatkan dari area setempat. Budidaya ayam KUB 2 ini dapat difungsikan sebagai dual purposes yaitu menghasil telur dan sekaligus daging
Assessing the Merger of Online Platform Companies: Does it Lead to Monopoly or just Business Expansion? (Analysis of The Merged Company of GoTo) Sukarmi Sukarmi; Sholahuddin Al-Fatih; Kukuh Tejomurti; Moch. Zairul Alam
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol 9, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v9i3.21667

Abstract

Two large digital platform companies, Gojek and Tokopedia, officially merged to form a holding company called the GoTo Group that is considered to have anti-competitive behavior and potentially data monopoly. This article aimed to analyze the adequate response to potential violations of the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Regulation and legal issues related to consumer data monopoly issues. This article uses normative legal research with the conceptual research and statute approach. The result shows that it is necessary to define “relevant markets” and the “substituted products” to determine the existence of unfair business competition in the Gojek-Tokopedia merger. It requires analyzing the consumer behavior in other marketplaces other than Tokopedia; when consumers do not "run" to Gojek, it means they are not in the same market. To prevent privacy protection failures in post-merger data integration, companies need to assess data sharing that may be carried out as part of a risk assessment. Regarding the rights of data subjects, The company needs to provide notification to the data subject regarding the Merger and Acquisition (M & A) given the data subject's right to refuse and guarantee that the M & A process will not violate the right to privacy of the customer's dataKeywords: Competition Law; Digital Platform; Merger Menilai Penggabungan Perusahaan Platform Online: Apakah Mengakibatkan Monopoli atau Hanya Ekspansi Bisnis? (Analisis Penggabungan GoTo)AbstrakDua perusahaan platform digital besar, Gojek dan Tokopedia, resmi bergabung membentuk holding company bernama GoTo Group yang dinilai memiliki perilaku anti persaingan dan berpotensi monopoli data. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon yang memadai terhadap potensi pelanggaran Peraturan Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat serta masalah hukum terkait masalah monopoli data konsumen. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian konseptual dan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya mendefinisikan “pasar relevan” dan “produk substitusi” untuk mengetahui adanya persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam merger Gojek-Tokopedia. Hal ini membutuhkan analisis perilaku konsumen di pasar lain selain Tokopedia; ketika konsumen tidak “lari” ke Gojek, berarti mereka tidak berada di pasar yang sama. Untuk mencegah kegagalan perlindungan privasi dalam integrasi data pasca-merger, perusahaan perlu menilai pembagian data yang mungkin dilakukan sebagai bagian dari penilaian risiko. Mengenai hak subjek data, Perusahaan perlu memberikan pemberitahuan kepada subjek data mengenai Merger dan Akuisisi (M&A) mengingat hak subjek data untuk menolak dan menjamin bahwa proses M&A tidak akan melanggar hak privasi data pelangganKata Kunci: Hukum Persaingan Usaha; Platform Digital; PenggabunganОценка слияний компаний онлайн-платформ: приведет ли это к монополии или просто к расширению бизнеса? (Анализ слияний GoTo (Gojek и Tokopedia)  АннотацияДве крупные компании, занимающиеся цифровыми платформами, Gojek и Tokopedia, официально объединили свои усилия, чтобы сформировать холдинговую компанию GoTo Group, которая, как считается, ведет антиконкурентную политику и может монополизировать данные. Данная статья направлена на анализ адекватного реагирования на возможные нарушения Положения о запрещении монополистической практики и недобросовестной конкуренции, а также на правовые вопросы, связанные с проблемой монополии на данные потребителей. В данной статье используется нормативно-правовое исследование с концептуальным и правовым исследовательским подходом. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость определить «соответствующие рынки» и «продукты-заменители», чтобы определить наличие недобросовестной деловой конкуренции в слиянии Gojek-Tokopedia. Это требует анализа поведения потребителей на рынках, отличных от Tokopedia; когда потребители не «бегут» в Gojek, это означает, что они не находятся на одинаковом рынке. Чтобы предотвратить сбои в защите конфиденциальности при интеграции данных после слияния, компаниям необходимо оценить возможное совместное использование данных в рамках оценки рисков. Что касается прав субъекта данных, Компания должна уведомить субъект данных о слиянии и поглощении (M&A), учитывая право субъекта данных отказаться и гарантировать, что процесс M&A не нарушит права на конфиденциальность данных клиента.Ключевые слова: Закон о деловой конкуренции; цифровые платформы; слияние
Co-Authors Abdul Rachmad Budiono Afrizal Mukti Wibowo Airin Liemanto Budi Santoso Fransiska A. Susanto Hamidah, Siti Hanif Nur Widhiyanti Hassan Qaqaya Herman Suryokumoro Hikmatul Ula Ikaningtyas Ikaningtyas Ike Wanusmawatie Indah Dwi Qurbani Irfan H. Djunaidi Kukuh Tejomurti Kukuh Tejomurti Moch. Zairul Alam Nadya Rizki Emeralda Nurul Ula Ulya Ranitya Ganindha Reka Dewantara Rika Kurniaty Rika Kurniaty Setijati Sekarasih Sholahuddin Al-Fatih Siti Azizah Sofwan Rizko Ramadoni Sylvia Mufarrochah Tiara Putri Aristy