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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering RABIT: Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi Univrab PINTER : Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Informatika dan Komputer AUTOCRACY: Jurnal Otomasi, Kendali, dan Aplikasi Industri Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Nusantara Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional Akademika Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan JuTISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi)
Muchammad Ficky Duskarnaen
Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Informatika Dan Komputer Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Library & Information Science Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Variance-k-means++: A deterministic centroid initialization method based on variance for enhanced clustering stability Widodo, Widodo; Ramadhan, Jiel Vayyad; Duskarnaen, Muhammad Ficky; Fauziastuti, Via Tuhamah; Pondayu, Chelsea Zaomi; Septianda, Mada Rekadarma
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1434-1448

Abstract

K-means++ is developed to improve the performance of k-means when choosing a starting centroid. However, both algorithms in clustering still select an initial centroid randomly. Randomly selecting initial centroids has the potential to produce unstable clusters. This paper proposes a deterministic centroid initialization method called variance-k-means++, which utilizes statistical properties—mean and variance—to generate pseudo-centroids and derive initial centroids. The method aims to improve clustering stability and reduce the number of iterations. For the initial study, we used low-dimensional data to conduct the experiment series. Then, we employed two baseline methods for benchmarking, k-means and k-means++. The results show that variance-k-means++ outperformed the baseline method on average. Evaluating in Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) and convergence analysis, we obtained DBI values at 0.756 and 0,771 for vertical and horizontal variance k-means++ with Iris dataset. At the same time, baseline methods have 0.802 and 0.830 for k-means++ and k-means, respectively. In convergence analysis, the results are 5.158 for vertical and 5.474 for horizontal, while baseline methods are 9.000 and 8.842. The primary contribution of this study lies in its achievement of minimizing the number of iterations while enhancing cluster stability.
Co-Authors Abi Dzar Rabbani Achmad Ahlar Ridha ACHMAD FAUZI Adhi, Bambang Prasetya Aditya Faishol Robbani Ahmad Jaenudin Ajie, Hamidillah Akbar Dwipangga Ali Idrus Andi Tibia Taqwa Angrilla Musfaranniss Chanti Aprianto Budiman Arasy Zamanullail Ardiansyah Ariq Adiwidya Aulia Ulfa, Sherli Bambang Prasetya Adhi Daud Muhammad Tulloh Diat Nurhidayat Dinda Putri Arivia Djaohar, Mochammad Elah, Nur Fatih Abhipraya Fauziastuti, Via Tuhamah Ferdinand Louis Floryberthus A.P.H Gio Nanda Saputra Hami Wibowo, Reyhan Hamidillah Ajie Hamidillah Ajie Hana Amanda Putri Haroki, Muhammad Rayhan Hauzan Nabil Hawali Herdi Alief Novalian Insan Rizky, Muhamad Irawan, Garry Tria Jennyta Ageng Ramadhanty Khasanah Khasanah Lutfi Agung Wicaksono Murien Nugraheni Murien Nugraheni Negara, Akbar Kusuma Nida Aulia Hasanah Nur ‘Azah Nuraini Azizah Nurfalah, Febri Permana, Septian Ricki Pondayu, Chelsea Zaomi Praditya, Hendrik Raisha Putri Mellisa Rama Syaiful Mughni Ramadhan, Jiel Vayyad Ramadhian, Dwi Reivaldi Kesuma Kagi Rie Pratama, Aditya Riki Setiawan Rival Kurniawan Riyadhul Firdaus Riza Ardiansyah Rizky Febrian Septianda, Mada Rekadarma Septiani Dian Lestari Simangunsong, Pirhot Jetro Wahyu Makuta R. E. P. Widodo Widodo Widodo Yuliatri Sastrawijaya Z.E. Ferdi Fauzan Putra