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Perbandingan Teknologi Pengeringan Kopra dengan Metode Indeks Kinerja Komposit Mohamad Yani; Naufal Ali Hamid; Tyara Puspaningrum; Ika Amalia-Kartika; Andes Ismayana
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.27.3.321

Abstract

The drying performance technology is one of the most critical operations in copra production. This study aims to identify various drying methods in copra production and determine the best copra drying method based on the criteria of drying operation, environmental impact, and copra product quality. The research was carried out with the stage of identifying the drying methods of copra through literature studies and secondary data collection and continued with the stage of determining the best drying method using the composite performance index (CPI) method. Of nine drying methods, six range were identified as coconut processing scale 20–1200 kg, copra drying temperature 40–70°C, drying time 7.9-48 hours, drying rate 1.05–5.70%/hour, energy use 110.7–32140 kJ/kg-product, and the emission of 0.1–34.074 kg-CO2/kg-product. The nine methods of drying copra produce good quality copra based on copra product standards. Based on the calculation of alternative values using the CPI method, it has been shown that the best drying method was using a dryer with a drying temperature of 68°C and a drying rate of 5.70 %/hour. This drying method uses the energy of 14824 kJ/kg product and produces an emission value of 1.25 kg-CO2/kg product. The copra produced by this drying method gives 5% moisture, 60% oil, and 1% free fatty acid. Keywords: coconut, composite performance index, copra, drying technology
OPTIMASI PROSES EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DAN RESIN NYAMPUNG DENGAN PELARUT BINER MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD Ika Amalia Kartika; Ikbal Fataya; Muhamad Yunus; Nancy Dewi Yuliana
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2022.32.1.21

Abstract

Calophyllum seeds are potential to be used as raw material for vegetable oil production due to their high oil content. In addition, Calophyllum seeds contain resin consisting of beneficial phenolic compounds for health. The objective of this research was to optimize the oil and resin extraction from Calophyllum seeds on a pilot scale using binary solvent. The analyses of temperature, extraction time and stirring speed effects on the oil and resin yields were carried out using the central composite design, and the variables were optimized using the response surface method. The result of oil yield optimization showed that the best model was the quadratic model. The optimum oil yield (59%) was obtained at temperature of 49.4 oC, extraction time of 5.3 h, and stirring speed of 385 rpm. The result of resin yield optimization showed that the best model was the mean model with average value of 15% for all extraction conditions tested. Model validation at this extraction condition resulted actual oil (60%) and resin (13%) yields conformed passably to their prediction. In addition, the oil and resin obtained from this model validation had good characteristics, and matched the predicted results. Keywords: binary extraction, Calophyllum, oil, optimization, resin, response surface method
Karakterisasi Bahan Pewarna Tinta Termokromik Leuco Dye System Pada Produk Pempek Ikan Elfa Susanti Thamrin; Endang Warsiki; Yazid Bindar; Ika Amalia Kartika
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) Vol 11 No 4 (2022): Jurnal ITEPA
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Technology Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2022.v11.i04.p05

Abstract

Good product packaging is one of the fundamental factors in determining the quality of a product. Along with the development of science and technology, modern packaging has evolved into intelligent packaging, which can directly communicate with consumers about the quality and quality of the packaged products without opening the package. One of the smart packaging trends being developed is thermochromic ink, or thermochromic ink that can be applied in the form of films or packaging labels. Thermochromic inks change color as processing and storage temperatures change. Smart packaging in the form of thermochromic ink (Thermochromic ink) uses one of the ingredients, namely the leuco dye system. The leuco dye system consists of 3 main components, namely dye, developer and solvent. Limitations in manufacturing thermochromic ink are that the dyes and developer materials used are toxic, which can pose a risk to human health when these materials migrate from packaging to packaged food products. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the dye (dye) against temperature and pH changes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the dye used to produce thermochromic ink with the best color change. Characterization of dyes using pH indicator dyes include Bromothymol Blue, Bromophenol Blue, Bromocresol Purple, Bromocresol Green, and Methyl Red. 15 mg of pH indicator of each dye was dissolved in 10 ml of 97% ethanol and then immobilized on filter paper at room temperature for 24 hours. Test the indicator dye's sensitivity to NH3 vapor by simulating NH3 vapor from NH4OH evaporating in a closed, airtight container. 10 mL of 1N NH4OH solution and 5 mL of each dye solution were placed in the same closed glass container. The variables observed were color changes and pH changes at 0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes.
PENGARUH KONDISI PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SONIKASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU ETIL ESTER MINYAK IKAN Fatria Resti Haryani; Erliza Hambali; Ika Amalia Kartika
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 33 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Fish oil is a lipid fraction that can be obtained from the extraction process of fish meat and by-products of fish processing. Generally, fish oil is in the triglyceride form, but tends to be unstable and easily oxidized, therefore fish oil is converted to the ethyl ester form which has better stability against oxidation. This study aims to analyze the effect of the transesterification process conditions using the sonication method on the yield and quality of fish oil ethyl ester produced. The design used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 2 factors, there were the sonication time (10, 20, and 30 minutes) and the concentration of KOH catalyst (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%). The results showed that the highest yield value was found in the 10 minutes and 0.5% KOH of 91.38%. The best ethyl ester quality from the data obtained was found in the 30 minutes and 0.5% KOH with a FFA value of 0.50%, acid value of 1.09 mg KOH/g, saponification value of 214.93 mg KOH/g, ester value 213.84 mg KOH/g, peroxide value 5.86 meq/kg, p-anisidin value 30.02 meq/kg, total oxidation value 40.44 meq/kg, density 0.8745 g/m3, and viscosity 4.81 mm2/s. Keywords: fish oil, transesterification, sonication
Optimasi kondisi proses pemurnian (Degumming- netralisasi) minyak nyamplung dengan response surface methodology Ika Amalia Kartika; Muhamad Ryan Pratama
AGROINTEK Vol 17, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v17i4.15975

Abstract

Calophyllum seeds produce high-yielding non-edible oils, so Calophyllum plants have great potential as a source of biofuels. To meet biofuel quality standards, crude Calophyllum oil must first be refined. This study investigated the temperature and time optimization in refining crude Calophyllum oil extracted using a binary solvent, i.e., n-hexane and methanol. The experiment was performed in a central composite design using independent variables temperature (70-90°C) and time (10-30 minutes) with 11 runs, and the optimization was performed in response surface method. The best model for optimizing oil yield was the second-order polynomial model, with optimal oil yield (44.62%) obtained at a temperature of 81.4°C and a time of 19.9 minutes. When the oil yield was optimized with the acid value of the oil as the boundary condition, the optimum oil yield and acid values were 44.44% and 2.43 mg KOH/g, obtained at a temperature and time of 83.4°C and 19.7 minutes. Model validation at this optimum purification condition resulted in the actual oil yield (46.40%) conformed passably to its prediction. In addition, the purified oil obtained from this model validation had good characteristics and matched the predicted results.
Various Methods of Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Tubers: a Review Ati Atul Quddus; Erliza Hambali; Mulyorini Rahayuningsih; Ika Amalia Kartika; Slamet Budijanto
Biota Vol 10 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Biota 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/Biota.v10i1.20473

Abstract

Tubers, as a highly promising agricultural commodity with distinctive flavors and nutritional content, pose health challenges due to the presence of calcium oxalate. Excessive consumption can lead to mechanical disturbances in the digestive and renal tubule systems. This complicates processing techniques to ensure that tubers, before being used as raw materials in the food and other industries, do not contain calcium oxalate. The research method involves a literature review, in-depth exploration of theories and concepts, and identification of variables related to the research method and context. From the literature study, it is evident that focusing on understanding fermentation parameters, such as time, temperature, pH, and the type and concentration of microorganisms, is crucial. This information is expected to provide insights into potentially effective methods for reducing calcium oxalate content in tubers, supporting the development of safer and healthier agricultural and food processing practices.
Aplikasi sakarifikasi dan fermentasi simultan dalam produksi bioetanol dari rebung bambu Griselda Happy Ramadhani; Khaswar Syamsu; Ika Amalia Kartika; Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i2.17294

Abstract

Bambu muda atau rebung memiliki sumber selulosa dan berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung juga memiliki kandungan lignin yang rendah yaitu 0,89%, sehingga memungkinkan untuk tidak dilakukan proses pre-treatment. Rebung bambu merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol mengingat laju produktivitas yang tinggi yaitu 8.124 kg/ha/tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis data produksi bioetanol dari rebung dengan teknik SSF menggunakan konsorsium mikroba Trichoderma reesei dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mikroba T. reesei digunakan untuk menghasilkan enzim selulase yang menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi gula sederhana, sedangkan S. cerevisiae digunakan untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari gula yang dihasilkan sebelumnya. Sintesis bioetanol terdiri dari dua tahap utama yaitu hidrolisis dan fermentasi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dilakukan secara terpisah menggunakan metode SHF (Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation), sedangkan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) yang diharapkan menghasilkan efisiensi substrat, Yp/s, dan laju produktivitas bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode SHF. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan aerasi 1 vvm dan agitasi 125 rpm selama 72 jam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi  bioetanol tertinggi di waktu 72  jam sebesar 6,94 g/L dengan laju produktivitas bioetanol  0,08 g/L/h dan  rendemen produk (Yp/s) 0,19 g bioetanol/g substrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rebung merupakan media yang layak untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung memiliki kandungan selulosa yang potensial sebagai substrat untuk T. reesei dan terbukti menghasilkan bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan teknik SHF dengan bambu pada penelitian sebelumnya.
Eco-friendly alkyd resins based on vegetable oil: Review Okta Amelia; Illah Sailah; Ika Amalia Kartika; Ono Suparno; Yazid Bindar
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.64143

Abstract

The alkyd resin industry currently needs environmentally friendly raw materials, which emphasized the aspect of sustainability. Alkyd resin is a polymer product with oil as raw material which is widely used in the paint, coating, and other industries. The abundant demand for alkyd resin has led to a diversification of the raw material for alkyd resin from vegetable oils. The advantages of vegetable oil include being a renewable energy source for industry, sustainability, biodegradability, and being environmentally friendly as important considerations for the industry in recent times. This paper examines alkyd resins derived from several vegetable oils that are environmentally friendly. Alkyd resin is prepared by alcoholysis and esterification. Based on several studies of alkyd resins, there have been many modifications to the raw materials, technology, and catalysts used which can refer to an environmentally friendly and affordable industry.
Rekayasa pembuatan indikator oksigen dengan membran pemisah Endang Warsiki; Andi Nurul Aulia Sari; Ika Amalia Kartika; Indah Yuliasih; Titi Candra Sunarti
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i4.17784

Abstract

Oxygen indicators in food packaging can be used to monitor the shelf life and quality of the product, especially in a vacuum or modified atmosphere packaged, by sensing the indicator's color change. The mechanism of the oxygen indicator is a redox reaction which is compromised redox dye, reducing compound, and alkali compound. These substances can be formulated as a tablet/sachet or a printed layer or laminated in a polymer film. This study aimed to examine the performance of the oxygen indicator in various concentrations of glucose and NaOH. This research was carried out in 3 stages, i.e. (i) producing oxygen indicators; (ii) characterizing the oxygen indicator before it was activated, and (iii) testing the irreversibility of the indicator. The results showed that the oxygen indicator had been successfully made in two compartments of NaOH and glucose-methylene blue with LDPE as a membrane barrier. The indicator's color remains the same in blue before it was activated. It seems that the concentration of glucose and natrium oxide did not have any significant difference in the initial color of the indicator. Once the indicator was activated by pressing the NaOH compartment, the color of the indicator turned purplish, and after a long while, the indicator turned white. The concentration of NaOH and storage temperature significantly affected the turning color's acceleration. A sample in the concentration of glucose 0.2 M and NaOH 0.2 M proved irreversible with ohue values of 208.57 to 313.201.© hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang.
Rekayasa proses produksi resin alkid dari minyak nyamplung Ika Amalia Kartika; Natasha Yuka Fastiana; Danu Ariono
AGROINTEK Vol 19, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v19i1.22416

Abstract

Calophyllum is a potential plant in Indonesia where the area is very wide spread besides almost all parts of Calophyllum plants can be utilized. The study aims to produce alkyd resin from Calophyllum oil so the usefulness of Calophyllum plants can be optimized. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by variations in oil to glycerol mole ratio (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and temperature (230 and 250C). Acid and iodine values, density, viscosity, drying time, color, solubility, thermal stability, and functional groups analyzed the alkyd resin quality. The oil-to-glycerol mole ratio and temperature variations affected the acid value, viscosity, color, and drying time. Higher temperatures and more glycerol affected the reaction time, and the drying time of alkyd resin became faster. In addition, its viscosity decreased, and its thermal stability was stable. With the high addition of glycerol at low temperatures, the color of alkyd resin was bright, but it became darkened at higher temperatures. Calophyllum-based resins owned the fastest alkyd resin drying time without passing through the drying and purifying process, which was 60 minutes at 50°C