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Women and Politics: Women’s Participation in The Indonesian National Political Movement, 1923 -1942 Siswantari, Siswantari; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman; Mulyatari, Dwi; Haghia, Raisye Soleh; Rahman, Syahidah Sumayyah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.44657

Abstract

This study aims to analyze women’s political participation during the national movement. The movement period began the women’s movement to voice their political ideas towards independence.    The women’s political movement has long existed. Women have struggled to establish their existence since colonial times. Analysis of women’s participation efforts in the political field is described in three organizations from three cities, namely Batavia (Jakarta), Jogjakarta, and Medan, each through Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi representing regional organizations, Aisyiyah representing socio-religious organizations and Keoetamaan Isteri representing socio-political organizations. This research uses historical heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography methods. The heuristic stage is carried out by searching for library sources, documents, and archives, and it is selected based on the source criticism carried out. The results show that the wishes and demands for women’s political participation have not been realized. The limited opportunities for women to sit in the Volksraad and direct competition with men were factors that did not directly result in women being involved in politics. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi politik perempuan pada masa pergerakan nasional. Masa pergerakan mengawali gerakan perempuan untuk menyuarakan ide-ide politiknya menuju kemerdekaan. Gerakan politik perempuan sudah ada sejak lama. Perempuan telah berjuang untuk membangun eksistensinya sejak zaman kolonial. Analisis terhadap upaya partisipasi perempuan dalam bidang politik digambarkan pada tiga organisasi dari tiga kota, yaitu Batavia (Jakarta), Jogjakarta, dan Medan, masing-masing melalui Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi yang mewakili organisasi daerah, Aisyiyah yang mewakili organisasi sosial keagamaan, dan Keoetamaan Isteri yang mewakili organisasi sosial-keagamaan. organisasi politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Tahap heuristik dilakukan dengan mencari sumber perpustakaan, dokumen, dan arsip, serta dipilih berdasarkan kritik sumber yang dilakukan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keinginan dan tuntutan partisipasi politik perempuan belum terwujud. Terbatasnya kesempatan perempuan untuk duduk di Volksraad dan persaingan langsung dengan laki-laki menjadi faktor yang tidak secara langsung menyebabkan perempuan terlibat dalam politik.
Forging Progress: Scientists and Engineers Shaping the Dutch East Indies Transformation, 1778-1942 Machmudi, Yon; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman; Fauzi, Wildan Insan
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.50186

Abstract

European students started arriving in the Dutch East Indies in the 18th century. Later in the 20th century, the Dutch began implementing various technologies in irrigation, roads, railways, shipping, and industry. Colonial politics gave scientists and engineers an important and strategic place in the Dutch East Indies government. The central question guiding this research is, “What role did scientists and engineers play in the modernization of the Dutch East Indies from 1778 to 1942?”. This historical research uses various archives at ANRI and newspapers from the colonial era to explore the role of scientists and engineers in developing science and technology and the transformation of the Dutch East Indies. The development of science and technology in the Dutch East Indies was intricately linked to Dutch colonial politics, disease outbreaks, capitalism’s growth, and modernization. The findings of this research show the role of engineers in various projects for the construction of irrigation canals, ports, dams, roads, railways, trams, mines, telegraphs, airplanes, weapons, industry, and radio. These various projects impacted community mobility, city development, provision of clothing and food, employment opportunities, and other socio-economic impacts. Dutch scientists’ activities initially had a limited impact on colonial society due to their elitist nature, lack of social support, bureaucratic obstacles, and entanglements in the political sphere. Dutch scientists have important positions in various research institutions, including botany, archaeology, physics, and the chemical industry. Pelajar Eropa mulai berdatangan ke Hindia Belanda pada abad ke-18. Kemudian pada abad ke-20, Belanda mulai menerapkan berbagai teknologi di bidang irigasi, jalan raya, kereta api, pelayaran, dan industri. Politik kolonial memberikan kedudukan penting dan strategis bagi para ilmuwan dan insinyur dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda. Pertanyaan sentral yang memandu penelitian ini adalah, “Apa peran ilmuwan dan insinyur dalam modernisasi Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1778 hingga 1942?”. Penelitian sejarah ini menggunakan berbagai arsip di ANRI dan surat kabar masa kolonial untuk menggali peran ilmuwan dan insinyur dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta transformasi Hindia Belanda. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Hindia Belanda erat kaitannya dengan politik kolonial Belanda, wabah penyakit, pertumbuhan kapitalisme, dan modernisasi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan peran insinyur dalam berbagai proyek pembangunan saluran irigasi, pelabuhan, bendungan, jalan raya, kereta api, trem, pertambangan, telegraf, pesawat terbang, senjata, industri, dan radio. Berbagai proyek tersebut berdampak pada mobilitas masyarakat, perkembangan kota, penyediaan sandang dan pangan, kesempatan kerja, dan dampak sosial ekonomi lainnya. Aktivitas ilmuwan Belanda pada awalnya berdampak terbatas pada masyarakat kolonial karena sifatnya yang elitis, kurangnya dukungan sosial, hambatan birokrasi, dan keterikatan dalam ranah politik. Ilmuwan Belanda mempunyai posisi penting di berbagai lembaga penelitian, termasuk botani, arkeologi, fisika, dan industri kimia.
Gangguan DI/TII di Perbatasan Enrekang-Toraja Pada Pemilu 1955 Rahman, Abd; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman
Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/fhs.v7i1.6951

Abstract

The 1955 elections were the first elections held by the Indonesian government, but the vast territory of Indonesia did not make the 1955 elections a completely safe election because there were still many upheavals in the regions that occurred. One of the upheavals that occurred was the DI / TII movement that occurred in several places in Indonesia, one of which was the South Sulawesi region. The movement led by Qahar Mudzakkar disrupted the 1955 elections both during the implementation and in preparation for this election. Especially for areas on the Enrekang-Toraja border. Therefore, this article analyzes how DI/TII interference in the border area is an attempt to thwart the election. This research uses historical research methods which include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography by analyzing the Enrekang Archives Inventory, Toraja, Sulawesi Province. The results showed that areas that were not controlled by DI/TII were still able to carry out elections, but DI/TII areas located on the border could not carry out elections which were marked by the absence of election equipment in the area. However, DI/TII areas close to the city conducted elections secretly so that several regions had time to carry out elections in different ways in anticipation of the conditions at that time.Pemilu 1955 merupakan pemilu pertama yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintahan Indonesia namun wilayah Indonesia yang begitu luas tidak menjadikan pemilu 1955 menjadi pemilu yang sepenuhnya aman karena masih banyaknya pergolakan di daerah-daerah yang terjadi. Salah satu pergolakan yang terjadi ialah adanya gerakan DI/TII yang terjadi dibeberapa tempat di Indonesia, salah satunya ialah wilayah Sulawesi Selatan. Gerakan yang dipimpin oleh Qahar Mudzakkar ini melakukan gangguan terhadap pemilu 1955 baik pada saat pelaksanaan maupun dalam rangka persiapan pemilu ini. Terutama untuk daerah-daerah yang berada di perbatasan Enrekang-Toraja. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini menganalisa bagaimana gangguan yang di lakukan DI/TII di daerah perbatasan sebagai upaya untuk menggagalkan pemilu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang meliputi Heuristik, Kritik, Intrepretasi dan historiografi dengan menganalisi Inventaris Arsip Enrekang, Toraja, Provinsi Sulawesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah yang tidak dikuasai oleh DI/TII masih dapat melaksanakan pemilu namun daerah DI/TII yang berada di perbatasan tidak dapat melaksanakan pemilu yang ditandai dengan tidak terbentuknya perlengkapan pemilu di daerah tersebut. Akan tetapi daerah DI/TII yang dekat dengan kota melakukan pemilu secara sembunyi-sembunyi sehingga beberapa daerah sempat melaksanakan pemilu dengan cara yang berbeda dalam mensiasati kondisi saat itu.
Bataviaasch Genootschap Van Wetenschappen and the Institutionalization of Science in the Dutch East Indies 1778-1942 Santosa, Ayi Budi; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman; Kurniawati, Yeni; Fauzi, Wildan Insan
Diakronika Vol 24 No 1 (2024): DIAKRONIKA
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/diakronika/vol24-iss1/415

Abstract

The background of this research is that Science in Indonesia develops through institutions, not ideas, people, or instruments. This research aims to describe the institutionalization of scientific institutions in the Dutch East Indies. The historical method analyzes various resources to aid the reconstruction of the Dutch East Indies’s science institutionalization process. This research uses archives from ANRI (National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia) regarding Bataviaasch Genootschap van Wetenschappen (The Batavia Society of Arts and Science). Archives from other scientific institutions, such as Bogor and Cibodas Botanical Gardens, are also used to illustrate the institutionalization process. The findings of this research include studies on the process and the necessity to pay attention to elements such as rules, norms, cultural benefits, roles, and material resources. Institutionalizing science and technology in the Dutch East Indies underwent at least three stages: the emergence of amateur scientists from Europe, the efforts to build scientific groups, and the establishment of science institutions. This research concludes that the first two stages were outside the bureaucratic channels of the colonial government. However, in the third stage, scientists needed help to escape the role of the colonial bureaucracy in developing these scientific institutions. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Wetenschappen, founded in 1778, was a private organization studying commerce, agriculture, and humanities. It played a significant role in encouraging various other research institutions
Dinamika Perdagangan Gelap Narkoba dalam Pembentukan Kerjasama Kepolisian di Asia Tenggara (1976-1981) Nugroho, Tito Tri; Sunarti, Linda; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman
COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/comserva.v4i10.2911

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika perdagangan gelap narkoba dan dampaknya terhadap pembentukan kerjasama kepolisian regional di Asia Tenggara pada tahun 1976-1981. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana ancaman narkoba mendorong negara-negara ASEAN untuk meningkatkan kerjasama lintas batas. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan dan tantangan dalam upaya memberantas perdagangan narkoba, serta dampaknya bagi keamanan regional. Perlawanan terhadap narkoba juga turut ditingkatkan, puncaknya pada tahun 1971, Presiden Amerika Serikat, Richard Nixon mendeklarasikan “War on Drugs” atau perang total terhadap narkoba dan menyatakan narkoba sebagai “musuh masyarakat nomor satu”. Deklarasi yang dipicu oleh meningkatnya perdagangan narkoba, terutama heroin di Amerika Serikat. Hal ini juga memicu gerakan serupa di Asia Tenggara karena salah satu wilayah distributor narkoba berada di sebuah kawasan yang dikenal sebagai “the Golden Triangle” (Segitiga Emas). Kepolisian sebagai lembaga penegak hukum menjadi aktor penting dalam mengatasi perdagangan gelap narkoba di Asia Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di dalam pembentukan kerjasama regional antar kepolisian di Asia Tenggara dipengaruhi oleh dinamika kejahatan transnasional perdagangan gelap narkoba. Gerakan yang dipicu oleh deklarasi perang terhadap narkoba di Amerika Serikat yang kemudian menciptakan berbagai skema kerjasama internasional di lingkup regional Asia Tenggara, hingga pembentukan Perhimpunan Kepolisian Asia Tenggara (ASEANAPOL) pada tahun 1981. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi
Forging the Future: Aisyiyah's Trailblazing Role in Indonesian Early Childhood Education Siswantari, Siswantari; Rahman, Syahidah Sumayyah; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman
Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah Vol 8, No 2 (2025): on progress
Publisher : Prodi. Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI dan APPS (Asosiasi peneliti dan Pendidik Sejarah)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/historia.v8i2.81523

Abstract

This research examines the transformative journey of Aisyiyah, a prominent Indonesian women's organization dedicated to advancing early childhood education in Indonesia. The study critically assesses the profound impact of Aisyiyah on the evolution of early childhood education in Indonesia, spanning from the 20th century to the contemporary era. Within this historical context, access to education for indigenous populations, especially early childhood education, was notably restricted. However, Aisyiyah achieved a remarkable milestone by establishing the pioneering indigenous-owned kindergarten in Indonesia, Taman Kanak-Kanak Busthanul Athfal. As the organization expanded its presence, a growing network of kindergartens emerged despite the challenges posed by limited teaching resources and physical space. This research elucidates the dynamic growth of Aisyiyah's kindergarten network, demonstrating how the organization's commitment to early childhood education steadily intensified. Despite the initial absence of a standardized curriculum, the organization's branches increased annually. Over time, curriculum development and teaching methodologies underwent significant transformations, culminating in the selection of Taman Kanak-Kanak Busthanul Athfal as a pilot institution for kindergarten education in Indonesia. This study underscores Aisyiyah's pioneering role in developing early childhood education in Indonesia, emphasizing its tireless efforts to foster indigenous educational initiatives. By meticulously tracing Aisyiyah's contributions, this research provides valuable insights into the organization's pivotal role in shaping early childhood education in Indonesia.
TRANSFORMASI PERAN PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DI KECAMATAN CILEDUG KABUPATEN CIREBON Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman; Patimah, Siti; Warisno, A; Hidayah, Nur; Arafah, A Latif Arung
FIKRAH Vol 9 No 1 (2025): JUNI
Publisher : Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32832/fikrah.v9i1.20627

Abstract

The transformation of the role of school supervisors into one of the change agendas is very necessary to support the realization of student-centered learning through the mentoring cycle. The mentoring referred to is the activity of school supervisors working with school principals in increasing the capacity and quality of education unit services to carry out student-centred learning using relevant strategies and methods. Assistance of school supervisors in implementing the school principal's progress achievements as an implementation of the commitment of the head of the educational unit of each assisted school in realizing their school's work program. This activity is carried out through discussions, interviews and recorded results are expressed in the form of data processing instruments according to the results obtained by each -each head of educational unit. The aim of this writing is to provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation of supervisory duties in supporting the development and improvement of the quality of education in educational units. This study is divided into seven parts, namely: 1) Progress of Educational Report Card achievements, 2) Progress of development of infrastructure, 3) Progress of PTK competency development, 4)Progress of Student Competency Development, 5) Academic/non-academic achievement of Persetadik and PTK, 6) Data-Based Planning, Preparation of RKT/RKAS documents, and 7)Preparation of Education Unit Curriculum Documents. Conclusion: The mentoring that has been implemented in 18 educational units/facilitated schools has succeeded in making a positive contribution to improving the quality of learning, both in terms of curriculum, teacher competency, school management and infrastructure development.