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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Jurisprudence Law and Justice AMANNA GAPPA Hasanuddin Law Review Jurnal Panorama Hukum Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Varia Justicia Jurnal Ius Constituendum JOURNAL OF PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL LAW Unes Law Review JURNAL HUKUM dan KENOTARIATAN Justisia Ekonomika ACTA DIURNAL : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Journal of Law and Policy Transformation KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Eksekusi : Journal Of Law JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Batulis Civil Law Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) i-Latinnotary Journal: Internasional Journal of Latin Notary Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Trunojoyo Law Review Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Journal of Islamic Law Studies RechtIdee Kanun: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies)
Lastuti Abubakar
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Regulatory Optimization of Bitcoin as Collateral: Property Classification and Secured Lending Framework in Indonesia Darmawan, Kevin; Abubakar, Lastuti; Handayani, Tri; Sugiharti, Dewi Kania
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i4.1738

Abstract

The development of financial technology has driven the emergence of digital assets such as Bitcoin, which challenge the conventional legal framework of property law. Although not recognized as legal tender, Bitcoin has been acknowledged as a legal asset by Indonesia's Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti). This study aims to examine the legal status of Bitcoin as collateral in Indonesia’s property law framework, as well as assess the adequacy of current regulations in accommodating this function. This research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach and deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that Bitcoin fulfills the legal criteria of an intangible object and, in theory, can be used as an object of fiduciary security. However, the absence of explicit legal recognition and a digitally integrated collateral registration system has led to legal uncertainty. Although regulations in Indonesia have provided a degree of legality and oversight, systemic institutional integration remains lacking. Therefore, legal reform is needed in the area of digital asset-based collateral, along with the establishment of a comprehensive administrative registration system to ensure the validity of security interests in digital assets
Implementation of Sustainable Finance Taxonomy Policy through Sustainable Credit: Regulations, Opportunities, and Challenges for Banks in Indonesia Novianto, Muhammad Rifqi; Abubakar, Lastuti; Handayani, Tri
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i5.1833

Abstract

Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement has implications for banks in carrying out their business practices to lead to sustainable practices. The phenomenon occurs when banks indirectly contribute to causing environmental damage such as providing credit that is only oriented towards profit. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) as a regulator issues the Sustainable Finance Taxonomy Policy as a guideline for banks to maximize the implementation of sustainable finance, especially in providing credit. This study aims to analyze how the Sustainable Finance Taxonomy policy influences and plays a strategic role in increasing sustainable banking credit in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal approach with analytical descriptive specifications and the object of research is PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, this study found that the Sustainable Finance Taxonomy policy plays a strategic role in increasing sustainable credit. The results of this study are expected to provide knowledge for policy makers in creating a sustainable financial system with legal certainty.
The Role of Mandatory Tender Offers in Protecting Minority Shareholders in Public Companies Feivel, Maximilian; Abubakar, Lastuti
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i5.1965

Abstract

The presence of minority shareholders in the ownership structure of listed companies often places them in a vulnerable position, especially in the event of a corporate takeover. To address this risk, Indonesian capital market law introduces the mandatory tender offer provision as stipulated in POJK No. 9/POJK.04/2018, which requires the new controlling party to purchase shares owned by other shareholders at a fair price. This research aims to legally evaluate the effectiveness of the mandatory tender offer as an instrument of legal protection for minority shareholders. The approach used is normative juridical with library research, examining primary legal materials such as relevant laws and regulations, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, scientific journals, and relevant articles. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the mandatory tender offer serves a protective purpose; however, the existing provisions still face challenges in terms of implementation, price transparency, and access to information for minority shareholders. Recommendations include strengthening supervisory mechanisms, updating regulations, and integrating the principles of fairness and accountability into public company governance
Keabsahan Akta Jaminan Fidusia Yang Tidak Ditandatangani Dihadapan Notaris dalam perspektif Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris dan Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia dripananda, Ketut; Abubakar, Lastuti; Annisa Lubis, Nanda
Jurnal Panorama Hukum Vol 9 No 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

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Abstract

Peran perbankan sebagai perantara dalam penghimpunan dan penyaluran dana memegang peranan penting dalam proses ini. Pemberian kredit dilakukan melalui perjanjian antara bank dan nasabah, dengan jaminan fidusia sebagai upaya preventif. Meskipun pembuatan akta jaminan fidusia harus dilakukan di hadapan notaris untuk keabsahan hukumnya, namun terkadang penandatanganan akta dilakukan di luar kantor notaris, yang dapat memengaruhi keabsahan hukumnya. Dana atau uang yang dibutuhkan guna pelaksanaan dan pengembangan usaha umumnya dapat diperoleh dengan cara pinjam-meminjam atau kredit yang salah satunya melalui jasa perbankan Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, Data dan informasi dianalisis sehingga memperoleh gambaran mengenai Jaminan Fidusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keabsahan Akta Jaminan Fidusia yang tidak ditandatangani oleh Notaris di hadapan para pihak, maka kekuatan akta tersebut menjadi akta dibawah tangan. Ketentuan Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-undang Jaminan Fidusia artinya akta tersebut batal demi hukum dan tidak dapat didaftar di Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia. Perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur yang dirugikan adalah dapat menuntut ganti rugi, biaya, dan bunga kepada notaris apabila notaris terbukti melanggar ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris.
Analisis Praktik Penggunaan Surat Kuasa dalam Perjanjian Gadai Saham Ditinjau dari Hukum Jaminan William, Boris; Abubakar, Lastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i5.5008

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik gadai saham oleh pemegang saham Perseroan Terbatas (PT) di Indonesia sebagai salah satu bentuk pembiayaan, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 60 UUPT yang telah diubah dengan Omnibus Law (UU Cipta Kerja). Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan surat kuasa oleh penerima jaminan untuk melakukan proses eksekusi jaminan gadai berupa saham ketika terjadi wanprestasi. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan studi kasus, penelitian ini menganalisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri No. 472/Pdt.G/2020/PN JKT.SEL, yang memunculkan pertanyaan hukum terkait keabsahan surat kuasa yang digunakan dalam perjanjian gadai saham. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun surat kuasa dapat berfungsi sebagai dokumen pelengkap dalam perjanjian penjaminan saham, namun pelaksanaannya harus sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum jaminan. Penelitian ini menyoroti perlunya batasan hukum yang lebih jelas mengenai kewenangan penerima gadai yang menggunakan surat kuasa untuk menjamin kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi semua pihak yang terlibat.
Film Licensing Agreement as an Object of Guarantee in Indonesia Pratama, Muhammad Ath-Thaariq; Abubakar, Lastuti; Handayani, Tri; Sugiharti, Dewi Kania
RechtIdee Vol 20, No 1 (2025): JUNE
Publisher : Trunojoyo Madura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/ri.v20i1.28049

Abstract

Collateral is part of an agreement as a result of financial obligations and serves to provide confidence that the debtor will fulfil these financial obligations, where the guarantee is something that is submitted to the creditor by the debtor. The guarantee itself is divided into two, namely material security and personal guarantee. The license agreement itself is an agreement made by the license owner and the party who wants to use the license. One of the uses of a license agreement is in the film industry, where the Product House as a license owner can enter into a license agreement with the Video on Demand platform so that the film or series that has been made can be shown on the Video on Demand platform. Government Regulation No. 2022 on Creative Economy has opened up opportunities for license agreements as collateral objects. The license agreement as a collateral object itself is not an impossible thing, because other countries such as Iran and the United States have allowed license agreements as collateral objects. One of the Video on Demand platforms that uses license agreements in the screening of films on their platform is Netflix. Therefore, the Production House can make the license agreement made as an object of collateral.
Digital Banks in Indonesia: Potential and Problems Sopamena, Ronald Fadly; Abubakar, Lastuti; Handayani, Tri
Batulis Civil Law Review Vol 6, No 2 (2025): VOLUME 6 ISSUE 2, JULY 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/ballrev.v6i2.3045

Abstract

Introduction: Digital Bank based on POJK No.12/POJK.03/2021 Concerning Commercial Banks, is a bank incorporated in Indonesia that provides and carries out business activities mainly through electronic channels without a physical office other than the head office or using limited physical offices. Digital banks are then explained in Article 7B and Article 20A of the PPSK Law stating that both commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks can operate as digital banks. Based on this, the business fields of digital banks are the same as the business fields of commercial banks or Islamic commercial banks. Digital banks are divided into digital banks that are subsidiaries of conventional banks and banks that have been purely digital banks since their inception.Purposes of the Research: Examine the potential of digital banks in supporting the economy and discuss the legal issues faced by digital banks.Methods of the Research: This writing uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach.Results Main Findings of the Research: The results of the study show that in the current era of globalization where technology is not something that is difficult to access, digital banks are here to bring a breath of fresh air to the banking world. Customers will get instant services without having to come directly to the office to get 24-hour banking services. Digital banks have one problem, namely credit distribution carried out through applications or websites which causes credit analysis with the 5C method to not run optimally so that it will increase the ratio of non-performing loans or NPLs. Therefore, digital banks need to prepare a Bank Credit Policy (KPB) that accommodates digital bank credit distribution as part of digital bank risk management as mandated in Article 2 Number 1 of the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 18/POJK.03/2016 concerning the Implementation of Risk Management for Commercial Banks. The policy must be able to make digital banks able to conduct credit analysis without sacrificing the principle of prudence. The policy can be in the form of a loan limit, tenor or examination of additional documents required so that there is no non-performing loan in the future.
Recalibrating Parate Executie, Navigating Legal Pluralism, Criminalization Risks and Procedural Governance In Indonesian Fiduciary Lumban Gaol, Chandra Erick Manaek Pandapotan; Abubakar, Lastuti; Marpaung, Roni Heilig
Journal of Law and Policy Transformation Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jlpt.v10i1.10304

Abstract

The landscape of fiduciary execution (jaminan fidusia) in Indonesia has been fundamentally reshaped by Constitutional Court Decisions No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 and No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021. These landmark rulings, while aiming to bolster debtor protection under the 1945 Constitution, have curtailed the creditor's right of direct execution (parate executie) as originally established by Law No. 42 of 1999. This judicial intervention has engendered a state of profound legal ambiguity, creating a perilous enforcement vacuum where the lines between lawful execution and criminal conduct have become dangerously blurred. This article employs a normative legal research methodology, incorporating doctrinal, statutory, case, and comparative approaches to analyze this complex legal problematic. We argue that the Court's decisions, by introducing the vague and procedurally undefined prerequisites of a post-default "agreement on default" and "voluntary surrender," have inadvertently amplified the risks of criminalization for all parties—creditors, debtors, and assisting law enforcement. The research finds that in the absence of clear legislative amendment or binding Supreme Court guidance, the existing legal framework is inadequate to ensure both economic efficiency and procedural justice. As a novel contribution, this paper posits that principles derived from international governance and risk management standards, specifically the ISO/IEC family (e.g., ISO 9001, ISO 31000, ISO 37301), can serve as a crucial non-legislative framework for creditors to develop robust, transparent, and defensible execution protocols. Such a system of private governance can mitigate criminalization risks, demonstrate good faith, and restore a measure of legal certainty, thereby providing a vital bridge over the troubled waters of Indonesia's current fiduciary enforcement regime.
Akibat Hukum Pemberian Kredit Dengan Jaminan yang Tidak Memiliki Nilai Eksekutorial Berdasarkan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Wafa Azizah, Ersya Aqila; Abubakar, Lastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i6.5848

Abstract

Perbankan memiliki peranan yang strategis sebagai penggerak perekonomian nasional melalui fungsi intermediary yaitu berfungsi untuk menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana. Dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai lembaga intermediary bank wajib menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian. Prinsip kehati-hatian ini sangat penting dalam aktivitas perbankan, khususnya dalam pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan, hal ini dikarenakan berkaitan dengan fungsi perbankan sebagai agent of development yang dilakukan melalui kegiatan penghimpunan dana dan menyalurkan kredit kepada pihak ketiga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan spesifikasi penelitian yang bersifat desktiptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif serta analisis yang digunakan yaitu yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa akibat hukum pemberian kredit bank dengan jaminan yang tidak memiliki nilai eksekutorial mengakibatkan posisi bank berkedudukan sebagai kreditur konkuren yang tidak bisa menikmati keisitimewaan haknya sebagaimana Hak Tanggungan. Posisi bank berkedudukan sebagai kreditur konkuren menyebabkan berlakunya Pasal 1131 KUHPerdata (paritas creditorium) dan Pasal 1132 KUHPerdara  (pari passu prorata parte) yang merupakan pelengkap dari prinsip paritas creditorium.
Akibat Hukum Terhadap Bank Atas Pembatalan Hak Tanggungan Melalui Putusan Pengadilan Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap Hutadjulu, Ryan Dwitama; Abubakar, Lastuti; Handayani, Tri
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i1.6646

Abstract

The research was conducted to analyze the legal impact on the position and obligations of the bank as the holder of mortgage rights (HT) for HT which has been determined to have no legal force by a court decision. With regard to lending, the existence of guarantees is a matter of sufficient concern to banks. Until now, land has been highly favored by banks as collateral for loans with mortgage rights. Cancellation of land ownership certificates can be submitted for land that has become HT. By canceling the mortgage right, the bank will lose the guarantee for the credit that has been issued, especially if the debtor is in bad credit status. Normative juridical is the method been used in this research. It is concluded from the discussion result that the legal consequences of the mortgage rights that have been determined to be non-forceable by a court decision on the position and obligations of the bank as the mortgage holder is that the bank will lose its position as preferred creditor. The cancellation of the agreement on the transfer of land rights also causes the cancellation of the mortgage agreement, considering that the object of the agreement does not meet the legal requirements of the agreement. The contractual relationship between the debtor and the bank as the creditor in the said rights agreement is considered non-existent and must be returned to its original state before the mortgage agreement. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis dampak hukum terhadap kedudukan dan kewajiban bank sebagai pemegang hak tanggungan (HT) untuk HT yang telah ditetapkan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum oleh putusan pengadilan. Terkait pemberian kredit, keberadaan jaminan menjadi hal yang cukup diperhatikan oleh bank. Tanah hingga saat ini menjadi sangat disukai bank sebagai jaminan kredit dengan hak tanggungan. Pembatalan atas sertifikat kepemilikan atas tanah dapat diajukan terhadap tanah yang telah menjadi HT. Dengan pembatalan hak tanggungan, bank akan kehilangan jaminan atas kredit yang telah dikeluarkannya terlebih jika debitur dalam status kredit macet. Yuridis normative adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil pembahasan bahwa akibat hukum terhadap hak tanggungan yang telah ditetapkan tidak berkekuatan hukum oleh putusan pengadilan terhadap kedudukan dan kewajiban bank selaku pemegang hak tanggungan adalah bahwa bank akan kehilangan kedudukan sebagai kreditur preferen. Pembatalan perjanjian peralihan hak atas tanah turut menyebabkan pembatalam perjanjian hak tanggungan, mengingat objek perjanjiannya menjadi tidak memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian. Hubungan kontraktual antara debitur dan bank selaku kreditur dalam perjanjian hak tersebut dianggap tidak ada, sehingga keadaannya harus dikembalikan seperti semula. 
Co-Authors Agustus Sani Nugroho & Ema Rahmawati Heryaman, Agustus Sani Nugroho & Aleksander Anita Afriana Annisa Lubis, Nanda Azka Adriliya, Putri Baraba, Badar Beltsazar, Gneissa Cita, Huriyah Raih Darmawan, Kevin Dewi Kania Sugiharti dripananda, Ketut Efa Laela Fakhirah, Efa Laela Etty Mulyati Fadzlurrahman, Fadzlurrahman Fauziah, Salma Feivel, Maximilian Handayani, Tri Husein, Freddy Putera Hutadjulu, Ryan Dwitama Ida Nurlinda Ilhami, Maulidya Kartikasari, Luciana Asih Larasati Anyufa Lubis, Nanda Anisa Lumban Gaol, Chandra Erick Manaek Pandapotan Marpaung, Roni Heilig Muchtar, Helitha Novianty Mulya, Jonathan Fide Muthia, Nurul Nafisha, Riskava Zahra Navirinurani, Meiza Novianto, Muhammad Rifqi Pangihutan, Kaiji Natanael Pasha, Ishtar Amarindra Pratama, Muhammad Ath-Thaariq Rahmah, Dian Maris Rajamanickam, Ramalinggam Rio, Fildzah Rivelino, Reyhan Rubiaty, Betty Rukmana, Yenni Yunithawati Saragih, Bagus Setiawan, Muhammad Vikri Sopamena, Ronald Fadly Sudaryat Sudaryat, Sudaryat Teguh Tresna Puja Asmara Tiara, Elfira Dela Tri Handayani W, Supraba Sekarwati Wafa Azizah, Ersya Aqila William, Boris