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Data-Driven K-Means Clustering Analysis for Stunting Risk Profiling of Pregnant Women Nazella, Desvita Dian; Hadi, Heru Pramono; Al Zami, Farrikh; Ashari, Ayu; Kusumawati, Yupie; Suharnawi, Suharnawi; Megantara, Rama Aria; Naufal, Muhammad
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i3.8415

Abstract

Stunting in children is influenced by maternal health conditions during pregnancy. This study aims to classify pregnant women to prevent stunting based on clinical, demographic, and environmental factors using the K-Means Clustering algorithm. A total of 229 data from the Primadona application (Disdalduk KB Kota Semarang) were analyzed using 14 normalized variables. The optimal number of clusters was determined using the Elbow Method and validated using the Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index, and Calinski-Harabasz Index. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to verify differences between clusters. This study resulted in seven clusters with different profiles, with a Silhouette Score of 0.134, Davies-Bouldin Index of 1.509, and Calinski-Harabasz Index of 29.54. These values ​​indicate that the cluster structure is formed and reflects the variation in risk for pregnant women, although there is overlap due to differences in characteristics between individuals. The clustering successfully differentiated pregnant women with low to high risk, influenced by health and environmental factors. This study proves the effectiveness of K-Means in identifying stunting risk patterns in pregnant women and supports more targeted interventions, such as nutritional counseling, disease risk monitoring, education on cigarette smoke exposure, and referrals. Limitations of this study include the unbalanced distribution of data between and the use of cross-sectional data. Future research is recommended to improve pre-processing and compare other clustering methods such as K-Medoids or DBSCAN for more precise stunting risk analysis.
Multi-Disease Retinal Classification Using EfficientNet-B3 and Targeted Albumentations: A Benchmark on Kaggle Retinal Fundus Images Dataset Saputra, Kurniawan Aji; Alzami, Farrikh; Kurniawan, Defri; Naufal, Muhammad; Muslih, Muslih; Megantara, Rama Aria; Pramunendar, Ricardus Anggi
Sinkron : jurnal dan penelitian teknik informatika Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Article Research January 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Ganesha Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33395/sinkron.v10i1.15530

Abstract

Retinal diseases remain one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. This study develops a deep learning pipeline for multiclass retinal disease classification using EfficientNet-B3 combined with Albumentations to improve generalization. We target four classes: cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and normal. We use the Kaggle Retinal Disease dataset (4,217 fundus images) divided into 70% training, 10% validation, and 20% testing. Images are resized to 224×224 and augmented with horizontal flip, random brightness contrast, CLAHE, shiftscale rotate, crop, gamma correction, and elastic transformation. The EfficientNet-B3 backbone is refined after head training with warm-up and learning rate regularization (batch normalization, dropout). After 50 epochs, the best validation performance reaches 0.9526, and on the hold-out test set, the model achieves 95.38% overall accuracy. The F1 scores per class were 1.0000 (diabetic retinopathy), 0.9685 (cataract), 0.9255 (normal), and 0.9184 (glaucoma). Confusion analysis showed that most errors involved glaucoma being misclassified as normal, likely due to optic disc similarities. These results demonstrate that EfficientNet-B3 with targeted augmentation provides accurate and reliable multi-disease screening of fundus images, with the potential to support faster and more consistent triage in clinical workflows. Future research should expand clinical validation and explore attention mechanisms or multimodal input to reduce glaucoma-normal ambiguity.
Hybrid Multilayer Architecture Integrating Suricata, Wazuh, and Cyber Threat Intelligence for Drive-by-Download Malvertising Detection Adrian, Aurell Zulfa Angger; Megantara, Rama Aria; Al Zami, Farrikh
Sinkron : jurnal dan penelitian teknik informatika Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Article Research January 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Ganesha Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33395/sinkron.v10i1.15616

Abstract

Malvertising has emerged as a serious cybersecurity threat, leveraging legitimate advertising networks to deliver malware through drive-by-download techniques without requiring user interaction. Existing standalone network- or host-based detection solutions provide limited protection because they lack integrated visibility and contextual validation across detection layers. However, no existing research has specifically evaluated the integration of Suricata, Wazuh, and VirusTotal for endpoint-focused malvertising detection, creating a critical gap in multi-layer defense strategies. This study proposes a hybrid multilayer architecture combining Suricata as a Network Intrusion Detection System, Wazuh as a Host-based Intrusion Detection and Prevention System, and VirusTotal as an external Cyber Threat Intelligence source to provide correlated threat detection and automated mitigation. The system was evaluated in a controlled virtual laboratory consisting of attacker, victim, and SIEM environments replicating real malvertising scenarios. The results show that the proposed architecture successfully detected malicious payloads and completed an end-to-end detection-to-mitigation cycle in approximately 5-7 seconds while maintaining zero false positives under non-malicious conditions. This research contributes a practical and reproducible architecture for endpoint-based malvertising detection, demonstrating effective multi-layer correlation and rapid autonomous response. The limitation of this study lies in its reliance on signature-based detection and external API communication, which may reduce effectiveness against zero-day threats or offline deployments.
Comprehensive Benchmark of Yolov11n, SSD MobileNet, CenterFace, Yunet, FastMtCnn, HaarCascade, and LBP for Face Detection in Video Based Driver Drowsiness Go, Agnestia Agustine Djoenaidi; Alzami, Farrikh; Naufal, Muhammad; Azies, Harun Al; Winarno, Sri; Pramunendar, Ricardus Anggi; Megantara, Rama Aria; Maulana, Isa Iant; Arif, Mohammad
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i3.8678

Abstract

Face detection is a critical foundation of video-based drowsiness monitoring systems because all downstream tasks such as eye-closure estimation, yawning detection, and head movement analysis depend entirely on correctly identifying the face region. Many previous studies rely on detector-generated outputs as ground truth, which can introduce bias and inflate model performance . To avoid this limitation, I manually constructed a ground truth dataset using 1,229 frames extracted from 129 yawning and microsleep videos in the NITYMED dataset. Ten representative frames were sampled from each video using a face-guided extraction script, and all frames were manually annotated in Roboflow following the COCO format to ensure accurate bounding box labeling under varying lighting, head poses, and facial deformation. Using this manually annotated dataset, I conducted a comprehensive benchmark of seven face-detection algorithms: YOLOv11n, SSD MobileNet, CenterFace, YuNet, FastMtCnn, HaarCascade, and LBP. The evaluation focused on localization quality using Intersection over Union (IoU ≥ 0.5) and Dice Similarity, allowing each algorithm’s predicted bounding box to be directly compared against human defined ground truth. The results show that HaarCascade achieved the highest IoU and Dice scores, particularly in frontal and well-lit frames. FastMtCnn also produced strong alignment with a high number of correctly matched frames. CenterFace and SSD MobileNet demonstrated smooth bounding box fitting with competitive Dice scores, while YOLOv11n and YuNet delivered moderate but stable performance across most samples. LBP showed the weakest results, mainly due to its sensitivity to lighting variations and soft-texture regions. Overall, this benchmark provides an unbiased and comprehensive comparison of modern and classical face-detection algorithms for video-based driver-drowsiness applications.
Implementation of RFM Method and K-Means Algorithm for Customer Segmentation in E-Commerce with Streamlit Alzami, Farrikh; Sambasri, Fikri Diva; Nabila, Mira; Megantara, Rama Aria; Akrom, Ahmad; Pramunendar, Ricardus Anggi; Prabowo, Dwi Puji; Sulistiyawati, Puri
ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Informatika FIK Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/ilkom.v15i1.1524.32-44

Abstract

E-commerce is selling and buying goods through an online or online system. One of the business models in which consumers sell products to other consumers is the Customer to Customer (C2C) business model. One thing that needs to be considered in the business model is knowing the level of customer loyalty. By knowing the level of customer loyalty, the company can provide several different treatments to its customers to maintain good relationships with customers and increase product purchase revenue. In this study, the author wants to segment customers on data in E-commerce companies in Brazil using the K-Means clustering algorithm using the RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) feature and display it in the form of a dashboard using the Streamlit framework. Several stages of research must be carried out. Firstly, taking data from the open public data site (Kaggle), then merging the data to select some data that needs to be used, understanding data by displaying it in graphic form, and conducting data selection to select features/attributes. The step follows the proposed method, performs data preprocessing, creates a model to get the cluster, and finally displays it as a dashboard using Streamlit. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the number of clusters is 4 clusters with the evaluation value of the model using the silhouette score is 0.470.