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Reproducing Power through Classroom Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Teacher–Child Interaction in Non-Formal Preschool Education Sri Meiti Anggraini Ahaya; Nonny Basalama
FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): FOSTER JELT
Publisher : Faculty of Education and Teacher Training of UIN Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/foster-jelt.v7i2.346

Abstract

This study investigates teacher–child interaction in non-formal preschool education for children aged 0–4 years using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It addresses a research gap in classroom discourse research, which has predominantly focused on formal education, while non-formal early childhood settings remain underexplored. The study aims to examine how teachers’ language organizes interaction, regulates children’s participation, and reproduces classroom power relations. A qualitative design was employed in a non-formal playgroup in Kecamatan Suwawa, Indonesia. Data were collected from eight classroom observation sessions conducted over four weeks, involving one teacher and fifteen children aged 0–4 years. Each session lasted approximately 60–90 minutes. Classroom interactions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Fairclough’s three-dimensional CDA framework. The findings show that teacher talk is dominated by imperative speech acts (75%), followed by interrogatives (20%) and declaratives (5%). Display questions (70%) are used more frequently than referential questions (30%), indicating that interaction remains largely teacher-directed. From a critical perspective, these patterns normalize teacher authority and limit children’s dialogic participation. The study highlights the persistence of hierarchical interactional structures in non-formal preschool settings and provides insights for promoting more participatory classroom communication.
Integrating Local and Western Cultures in English for Tourism: Lecturers’ Perceptions and Pedagogical Practices Yayu Anggraini Katili; Nonny Basalama
FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026): FOSTER JELT
Publisher : Faculty of Education and Teacher Training of UIN Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/foster-jelt.v7i4.491

Abstract

Cultural integration in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses is a critical issue in EFL contexts, particularly in regions with rich local heritage. This study examines how lecturers at State University of Manado perceive the integration of local and Western cultures in the English for Tourism course, and how these cultures are represented in pedagogical documents. A qualitative research design was employed, using open-ended questionnaires via Google Form, document analysis of the semester learning plan, teaching materials, and student project assignments. Three lecturers from the English Education Department participated. Findings reveal that all lecturers hold strongly positive perceptions toward balancing both cultures. They believe cultural integration enhances student motivation, communicative competence, and intercultural awareness. Document analysis shows that the semester learning plan incorporates tourism topics accommodating both cultural dimensions. Student projects, such as tourism brochures and audiovisual promotions, demonstrate the integration of North Sulawesi's local tourism with global English norms. This study contributes to the growing literature on culturally responsive pedagogy in ESP and Indonesian EFL settings. However, the findings are limited to one university and three lecturers, which may restrict their transferability to other English for Tourism contexts.
Students’ Speaking Proficiency and Perceptions of the British Council EnglishScore Application Anisa Masionu; Nonny Basalama; Abid
Research Review: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Research Review: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (Agustus 2026 - Januari 2027)
Publisher : Transbahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54923/researchreview.v5i2.450

Abstract

This study investigated the speaking proficiency and perceptions of eighth-semester students in the English Language Education Study Programme at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo toward the British Council EnglishScore application as a speaking assessment tool. Employing a descriptive mixed-methods design, this study involved 36 students from the 2021 cohort. Data were collected through the EnglishScore speaking test, a structured questionnaire with 15 items, and semi-structured interviews with 8 selected participants. Data were analysed using score distribution, percentage calculation, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that 58.3% of students reached the B1 CEFR level, while 22.2% remained at A1 or A2. Among speaking sub-skills, pronunciation emerged as the dominant strength (61.1% in the 400–599 score range), fluency showed moderate performance (50% in the 300–399 range), and communication was identified as the critical weakness (25% scoring below 300). Student perceptions were largely positive: 94% valued the sub-skill score breakdown, 89% reported increased motivation to practice speaking, and 86% found the test relevant to academic speaking preparation. These findings suggest that while students have acquired foundational language skills, a significant gap persists between structural knowledge and real-time communicative competence. The EnglishScore application demonstrates considerable pedagogical value as a diagnostic and formative assessment instrument that promotes self-awareness and supports self-regulated speaking practice in EFL contexts Keywords: Speaking Proficiency, CEFR, British Council EnglishScore, Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL), EFL, students' perceptions