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Manipulasi Agronomi Bunga Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Biji Edi Santosa; Ani Kurniawati; Maryati Sari; Adolf Pieter Lontoh
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Corm of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is extracted for glucomannan production, a material that is widely used in medicinal, food, and beverage industries. Increasing demand on glucomannan promotes fast expansion of planting area in Indonesia, however, seed availability is limited. The objective of the experiment was to study corm age, planting distance, and planting depth in order to enhance seed production in A. muelleri. Two experiments were conducted under paranet of 65% in Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) from June-November 2015. First experiment used 0- (bulbils), 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old corms. Second experiment used flowering 3-year-old corms, arranged by factorial of planting distance (0 × 0 cm and 50 × 50 cm) and planting depth (0 and 5 cm in depth). Results showed that flowering of A. muelleri was dependent on corm age, 96% of 3-year-old corms produced flower but none of the 1- and 4-years-old corms produced flower, whereas 8% of 2-year-old corms produced flower. Planting distance did not affect flower growth, while planting at a depth of 5 cm enhanced seed production. Present experiments imply that application of large 3-year-old corms, planting in dense population and at depth of 5 cm could enhance seed production of A. muelleri. It needs further investigation on seed quality from flowering of present treatments.

Kualitas Benih dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Asal Media Tumbuh Berbeda Maryati Sari; Edi Santosa; Adolf Pieter Lontoh; Ani Kurniawati
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Most of Amorphophallus muelleri seeds for corm production derives from natural production in the forest. The objective of research was to evaluate seed quality and seedling growth from natural and gibberellin (GA3)-induced flowering, and different growing media in order to develop seed production technology. The experiments were conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia from August 2016-April 2017. A. muelleri seeds from six culture practices were compared, i.e., mother corms with natural flowering were planted in soil media, soil+rice husk charcoal, and soil+cow manure, and mother corms induced flowering using GA3 (1.000, 1.500, and 2000 ppm) were planted in soil media. Results indicated that berry size, color, seed color and size and seed germination rate were independent of seed production method, i.e., non-induction, GA3 induction, and growing media. Germination rate was >90%, and no abnormal sprouting was found. The highest seedling establishment, represented by full-expand of first leaf, was obtained from seeds of soil+rice husk charcoal media. Seedling from seeds of soil+rice husk charcoal and soil+cow manure media had larger leaves than the other treatments. Present study implies that application of rice husk charcoal or manure in the seed production of A. muelleri is important to obtain high quality seedling.

Flower Development and Its Implication for Seed Production on Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae) Edi Santosa; Adolf Pieter Lontoh; Ani Kurniawati; Maryarti Sari; Nobuo Sugiyama
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTThere are many studies on agronomic and economic advantages of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), leading to high demand on seed to support the rapid production expansion in many Asian countries. By contrast, there are few studies on flowering phenology and flower morphology although they affect the seed production. Therefore, we evaluated flowering phenology and flower morphology of 80 plants of A. muelleri grown in a field under 65% artificial shading net at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia from May 2015 to July 2016 in order to improve seed production. A. muelleri produced solitary spadix, with female flowers at the lower part and male flowers at the upper part. Spadix grew slowly for 56-71 days after bud break, and then grew rapidly thereafter for 30-35 days until anthesis. Seed was harvested 9.6 to 10.2 months after anthesis. We devided the development of spadix into seven phases, bud break as stage I and berry maturity as stage VII. Stage VI to VII determined seed production. Seed production was also affected by roots formation and spadix size. There were strong positive correlations between lengths of the female zones with berry production. Some morphological characteristics of spadix were dependent on corm size, thus, it was likely that agronomic improvement to enhance female flower and corm sizes wasimportant in seed production.Keywords: developmental stage, female flower, iles-iles, male flower, seed production ABSTRAKTelah banyak kajian keunggulan agronomi dan ekonomi iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), sehingga mendorong peningkatan permintaan benih untuk mendukung perluasan areal produksi di banyak negara Asia. Namun demikian, kajian fenologi dan morfologi bunga khususnya terkait produksi benih masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, kami mengkaji perkembangan dan morfologi 80 bunga iles-iles yang ditanam di bawah paranet 65% di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Bogor, Indonesia dari Mei 2015 sampai Juli 2016 dalam rangka perbaikan produksi benih. Iles-iles menghasilkan sebuah tongkol bunga dengan bunga betina pada bagian bawah dan bunga jantan pada bagian atas. Tongkol bunga tumbuh lambat 58-71 hari setelah pecah tunas, diikuti tumbuh cepat 30-35 hari hingga antesis, dan biji dipanen 9.6 sampai 10.2 bulan setelahnya. Perkembangan bunga dari pecah tunas hingga buah matang dapat dibagi menjadi tujuh tahap. Tahap VI ke tahap VII menentukan keberhasilan produksi biji iles-iles. Selain itu, keberhasilan produksi biji juga dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan akar dan ukuran tongkol khususnya panjang bagian bunga betina. Beberapa karakter morfologi bunga iles-iles dipengaruhi oleh ukuran umbi saat tanam. Oleh karena itu, perlu perbaikan agronomis untuk meningkatkan ukuran umbi dan ukuran bunga betina guna mendukung produksi benih.Kata kunci: bunga betina, bunga jantan, iles-iles, produksi benih, tahap pertumbuhan

Invigorasi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) (Invigoration and Its Impact on Seedling Growth of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)) Edi Santosa; Anas Dinnurrohman Susila; Adolf Pieter Lontoh
Jurnal Sains Terapan : Wahana Informasi dan Alih Teknologi Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal Sains Terapan, Volume 4, Nomor 2, Tahun 2014
Publisher : IPB University

The experiments of vacuum-asisted seed invigoration was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, in order to increase crop production of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri). This research was conducted in two series of experiments. The first experiment was conducted to determine the level of vacuum. The research was using 5 treatments i.e., control 1 (soaked in the water), control 2 (soaked in a solution of 2% N), control 3 (vacuum in water media), vacuum in solution containing 2% N, 4% N, 2% NPK (2:1:1), 4% NPK, vacuum in solution of supplementary liquid fertilizer (PPC) 2% and 4% PPC. The results of of the first experiment showed that the vacuum treatment increased the germination of iles-iles, the best vacuum pressure was -250mmHg. In the second experiment, the vacuum in a solution 4% PPC generated the highest growth followed by vacuum in 2% solution of NPK and 4% of PPC. In addition, the vacuum in the nutrient solution over 4% lead to inhibition of growth. The implication of this study is that the provision of nutrients in the seeds can increase plant growth of iles-iles. Vacuum treatment can enhance the effectiveness of invigoration.Keywords : NPK, PPC, seed treatment, starter solution, vacuum

NPK Levels and Application Methods on Productivity of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume in Intercropping System Edi Santosa; Anas Dinurrohman Susila; Adolf Pieter Lontoh; Yoko Mine; Nobuo Sugiyama
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Underground corm of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume contained glucomannan, a raw material widely used in beverage, food and medicinal industries. In Indonesia, A. muelleri is grown under intercropping system, however, average corm production was considered low. The low productivity could be related to the low input of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the effects of NPK fertilizers and methods of application on A. muelleri productivity were evaluated in the present study for intercropping system. Two experiments were conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor, Indonesia from 2010-2012 under canopy of coffee trees. First experiment was conducted using four levels of N, P, and K applications, i.e., N:P2O5:K2O at the rate 0:0:0, 100:60:80, 125:60:100 and 150:60:120 kg ha-1. In second experiment, N:P2O5:K2O fertilizers at the rate of 100:60:80 were applied by conventional (solid) and liquefied. Results of first experiment showed that application of N, P and K at rate of 100 kg, 60 kg, and 80 kg ha-1 produced fresh corm weight 636.3±91.7 g per plant or increased by 63% higher than control. However, higher rate of NPK application did not increase corm yield, possibly due to the occurrence of leaf discoloration. Higher rates of NPK also delayed harvest time 1 to 2 weeks compared with control and caused wide variation of corm size. Thus, excess application of NPK should be avoided for high productivity of A. muelleri. Second experiment showed that there was no significant different among methods of application on fresh corm weight, i.e., 413 g and 396 g from conventional and liquefied applications, respectively. These experiments conclude that application of NPK is important to enhance A. muelleri production in intercropping system.

Respons Pertumbuhan 16 Genotipe Teh (Camellia sinensis var. Assamica) Terhadap Pupuk Cair Anorganik Pasca Tercekam Durotun Nafisa; Heri Syahrian; Vitria Puspitasari Rahadi; Adolf Pieter Lontoh; Dwi Guntoro; M. Khais Prayoga
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Sains Teh dan Kina
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/pptk.jur.jstk.v2i1.175

Pembibitan merupakan fase paling rentan pada tanaman, sehingga membutuhkan pemeliharaan yang tepat. Pertumbuhan bibit teh dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal dan internal seperti genotipe tanaman dan kondisi tanah. Kekurangan unsur hara dapat menyebabkan tanaman mengalami penghambatan pertumbuhan. Pemupukan menjadi salah satu cara untuk memulihkan kembali tanaman yang mengalami defisiensi unsur hara, oleh karena itu dilakukan pengujian pemulihan beberapa genotipe bibit tanaman teh yang telah mengalami cekaman unsur hara karena tidak mendapatkan pemeliharaan yang optimal dengan pengaplikasian pupuk anorganik cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan 16 genotipe teh terhadap pupuk anorganik cair pasca tercekam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) satu faktor dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuannya yaitu 16 genotipe teh yang berbeda dengan pemupukan menggunakan pupuk anorganik cair (Glow Green) satu taraf dosis (6 ml/L) setiap dua minggu sekali. Karakter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dilanjutkan uji lanjut BNJ. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perbedaan genotipe teh yang diuji berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan respons pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada penambahan pertumbuhan setiap karakter pasca pemupukan pada setiap minggunya. Ke 16 genotipe teh yang diuji secara umum memberikan respons yang sama terhadap pengaplikaisan pupuk anorganik cair pasca tercekam.

NPK Levels and Application Methods on Productivity of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume in Intercropping System Santosa, Edi; Susila, Anas Dinurrohman; Lontoh, Adolf Pieter; Mine, Yoko; Sugiyama, Nobuo
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v1i2.12

Underground corm of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume contained glucomannan, a raw material widely used in beverage, food and medicinal industries. In Indonesia, A. muelleri is grown under intercropping system, however, average corm production was considered low. The low productivity could be related to the low input of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the effects of NPK fertilizers and methods of application on A. muelleri productivity were evaluated in the present study for intercropping system. Two experiments were conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor, Indonesia from 2010-2012 under canopy of coffee trees. First experiment was conducted using four levels of N, P, and K applications, i.e., N:P2O5:K2O at the rate 0:0:0, 100:60:80, 125:60:100 and 150:60:120 kg ha-1. In second experiment, N:P2O5:K2O fertilizers at the rate of 100:60:80 were applied by conventional (solid) and liquefied. Results of first experiment showed that application of N, P and K at rate of 100 kg, 60 kg, and 80 kg ha-1 produced fresh corm weight 636.3±91.7 g per plant or increased by 63% higher than control. However, higher rate of NPK application did not increase corm yield, possibly due to the occurrence of leaf discoloration. Higher rates of NPK also delayed harvest time 1 to 2 weeks compared with control and caused wide variation of corm size. Thus, excess application of NPK should be avoided for high productivity of A. muelleri. Second experiment showed that there was no significant different among methods of application on fresh corm weight, i.e., 413 g and 396 g from conventional and liquefied applications, respectively. These experiments conclude that application of NPK is important to enhance A. muelleri production in intercropping system.

NPK Fertilizers for Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) Intercropped with Coffee Trees Santosa, Edi; Susila, Anas Dinurrohman; Lontoh, Adolf Pieter; Noguchi, Arisa; Takahata, Ken; Sugiyama, Nobuo
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 43 No. 3 (2015): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTFertilizer application in elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) intercropping system is rare in Indonesia, therefore, NPK fertilizers experiment was conducted under the shade of 10-year-old coffee plantation at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor, Indonesia, in order to increase the productivity of elephant foot yam intercropped with coffee trees. Prior to planting, 20 ton ha-1 of goat manure was applied. Four NPK combinations, i.e., N, P2O5, K2O at the rate of 0, 0 and 0; 100, 60 and 80; 125, 60 and 100; and 150, 60 and 120 kg ha-1, were applied. Results showed that there were no significant differences in leaf number per plant, petiole size and rachis length among treatments. Application of NPK decreased photosynthetic rates, while increasing rate of N and K2O had no effect on photosynthetic rates. NPK application at the 100 N, 60 P2O5 and 80 K2O kg ha-1 (N100P60K80 treatment) or larger prolonged growth duration regardless of NPK levels, and there was a close relationship between corm yield and growth duration. As a result, corm fresh mass was higher in the 100:60:80 kg ha-1 treatment than in control. In the N125P60K100 and N150P60K120 kg ha-1 treatments, leaves were damaged by heavy rains and winds, counteracting beneficial effect of NPK on growth duration and corm yield. These results suggested the importance of delay of entering dormancy for an increase in productivity of A. paeoniifolius.Keywords: NPK fertilizers, photosynthesis, productivity, prolong growth, tuber crop

Yield Evaluation of Selected Clones Apomictic Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) on Second Growing Period Lontoh, Adolf Pieter; Santosa, Edi; Kurniawati, Ani; Sari, and Maryati
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 47 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Increasing corm production of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) through genetic improvement is important for increasing farmers’ income. However, the study on variety development is rarely reported. Here, yield evaluation of the second growing period was conducted at IPB Experimental Station Leuwikopo Farm, Bogor, Indonesia (-6.5647419, 106.7220331, 17.25z) from August 2017 to July 2018 in order to select candidate clone with high corm production. One-year-old corms of 21 F1 accessions were planted under 55% shading net with four replications. The parent population was set as a control. Results showed that accessions exhibited variation in corm size. The parent population produced corm ranged 622.3-908.3 g in weight (on average 764.2 g). The pooled accessions produced corm 180.7-1527.5 g in weight, corm diameter 71.0-145.8 mm, and corm height 46.6-87.6 mm. Nine accessions produced 5.91-99.88% higher average corms weight than the parent, i.e., BKB, BS, CF, CK, CR, DPG, DPP, SBM, and SHJ. Based on 30% as the basis of corm weight improvement, we concluded that five accessions, i.e., CK, CR, DPG, DPP, and SBM as prospective candidate clones. These accessions could be further evaluated in the third growing period to select best candidates of new variety of A. muelleri.Keywords: Agamosporous, Araceae, breeding strategy, new variety, productivity

Pengelolaan Gulma Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan, Sumatera Utara Nasution, Annisa Andrini; Sopandie, Didy; Lontoh, Adolf Pieter
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v12i1.51386

Pengelolaan gulma pada kelapa sawit dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan keefektifan pengendalian gulma dan memperbaiki produktivitas kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Januari hingga Mei 2022 yang berlokasi di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari jenis gulma dominan dan teknik pengendaliannya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan NJD, gulma yang dominan adalah Cynodon dactylon (L.) (36.43%), Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson (25.24%), Echinochloa colona (L.) (17.29%), dan Cleome rutidosperma (17.15%). Hasil pengamatan lain mengindikasikan bahwa kegiatan kalibrasi belum diterapkan sesuai dengan standar kebun berdasarkan hasil uji t- student pada taraf 5%. Metode penerapan herbisida untuk dosis (rata-rata 0.27 L per tanaman), lebar semprot (rata-rata 116 cm), cara semprot, dan bahan aktif yang dipakai sudah memenuhi standar ketepatan kebun berdasarkan hasil uji t-student pada taraf 5%. Waktu aplikasi belum terlaksana dengan tepat. Pengelolaan gulma yang dilaksanakan telah mempertimbangkan aspek keberlanjutan ekologis melalui pemilihan bahan aktif, pemanfaatan gulma penting (Nephrolepis biserrata), dan implementasi aturan dalam penggunaan bahan kimia. Dosis 0.5 kg ha-1 metil metsulfuron sangat efektif untuk mengendalikan gulma Asystasia gangetica secara total pada hari ke-20 HSA. Keterampilan aplikasi waktu semprot dipengaruhi oleh usia pekerja berdasarkan analisis F-tukey pada taraf 5%. Pengawasan terhadap kondisi alat penting dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan keefektifan pengendalian gulma. Kata kunci: kalibrasi, NJD, keterampilan kerja

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