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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Elektronik Infrastruktur Teknik Sipil Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Jurnal Spektran Ecotrophic, Journal of Environmental Science ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Jurnal Teknik Sipil Journal of Marine Research and Technology Jurnal Sains Riset

I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma

Fakultas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Author-ID : 253205

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Social Sciences

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Contribution of Terrestrial Runoff to Coral Disease Prevalence on North Bali’s Massive Porites I Gusti Bagus Siladharma; Widiastuti Karim
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2017): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

The widespread of coral disease may threatened Bali`s marine tourism which is the main asset for the nation prosperity. However, the disease prevalence is still unknown, in particular inshore coral reefs near to tourist spot areas. Therefore, the research aims to investigate the contribution of terrestrial runoff to coral disease prevalence and to examine the relationships between disease prevalence and environmental parameters (nitrate, phosphate, organic carbon and total suspended solids (TSS)) within the population of massive Porites on shallow north Bali reefs. Syndrome, diseases and healthy colonies of massive Porites coral were counted and noted within a 2 x 10 m belt transect at 3 sampling sites. The dominant disease observed was ulcerative white spots (UWS), while the syndromes were pigmentation response and aggressive overgrowth by macroalgae. The highest mean UWS prevalence was at site 3 which was the closest site to runoff (prevalence = 91%).This disease only affected one colony at site 1 and 2, respectively. Disease prevalence had strong relationship with TSS and nitrate, yet it showed weak relationship with phosphate and organic carbon. These results suggest that terrestrial runoff could contribute to the disease prevalence by increasing the TSS, nutrients and organic carbon loading to the inshore ecosystems. High level of organic carbon could severe the disease, particularly when combined with elevated TSS and nutrient, by reducing the coral`s immunity system. Keywords: coral disease, prevalence, terrestrial runoff, Porites, ulcerative white spot, environmental parameter, North Bali.

Design Formulae of Wave Transmission due to Oblique Waves at Low Crested Structures I Gusti Bagus Siladharma
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 18 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2011.18.1.7

Abstract. Low crested structures, including submerged breakwaters, may be provided to protect the beach from wave attack. These structures can be built parallel to the shoreline and the crest is set up at or below water levels. It function is to protect the beach from wave action by reducing or by acting as a barrier to the waves. Wave transmission on structures has been subject for flume tests by many researchers and come up with several 2D wave transmission formulas. Oblique wave attack rarely involve on the formula since only a few tests conducted on 3D model. Using 3D test data conducted by Seabrook (1997), wave-structure interaction relation in 3D effect was modeled and transmission formula for low crested structures was developed. The interaction of wave-structure in the 3D modeling is more complex. The complex, three dimensional wave-structure interactions include diffraction of the wave. Results show the relative crest height, relative wave height and crest width are the most important parameters. The model was developed by statistical analysis method, includes parameters that are considered to be representing physical processes such as water depth fluctuation, hence is related to wave breaking, wave overtopping, dissipation by surface friction, and transmission through the breakwater. Abstrak. Pemecah gelombang ambang rendah, termasuk pemecah gelombang tenggelam, dapat dipergunakan sebagai pelindung pantai dari serangan gelombang. Stuktur dengan ambang lebar ini dibangun sejajar pantai dengan puncak berada pada muka air atau sedikit di bawahnya. Fungsi utama dari bangunan ini adalah melindungi pantai dari gelombang dengan cara mereduksi energi gelombang datang atau sebagai penghalang gelombang. Bangunan ini berfungsi dengan baik dengan meredam sebagian energi gelombang. Transmisi gelombang pada pemecah gelombang ambang rendah tumpukan batu sudah banyak diteliti dan menghasilkan beberapa formula yang dihasilkan dari tes 2 dimensi. Gelombang yang datang menyudut terhadap struktur tidak diperhitungkan karena sangat terbatasnya penelitian transmisi gelombang dalam kondisi 3D. Menggunakan data 3D dari Seabrook (1997), analisis dilakukan untuk interaksi gelombang-struktur dan formula empiris transmisi gelombang diturunkan. Interaksi gelombang-struktur dalam model 3D lebih komleks dari model 2D. Kekompleksan dalam model 3D termasuk adanya proses difraksi pada ujung-ujung pemecah gelombang, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi puncak relatif, tinggi gelombang relatif, dan lebar puncak merupakan parameter yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses transmisi Rumus empiris diturunkan berdasarkan analisis statistik. Rumus transmisi gelombang memasukkan parameter-parameter yang merepresentasikan proses-proses fisik seperti fluktuasi muka air, yang berkorelasi dengan gelombang pecah, overtopping gelombang, disipasi akibat gesekan permukaan, dan transmisi gelombang melalui bangunan.

Analisis Filogenetik Ikan Tuna (Thunnus spp.) yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali Paul Helga Fernandez; IGB Sila Dharma; I Nyoman Giri Putra; Andrianus Sembiring; Astria Yusmalinda; Danie Al Malik; Putu Dian Pertiwi
Journal of Marine Research and Technology Vol 4 No 2 (2021): AGUSTUS 2021
Publisher : Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMRT.2021.v04.i02.p06

Tuna is one of the largest fisheries commodities in Indonesia after shrimp and demersal fish. The genus Thunnus is a type of tuna that dominates the international market. The genus Thunnus consisted of seven species of tuna. In some cases, the same morphological character has caused misidentification and data collection on tuna species. Therefore, this study aimed to identify tuna species that are landed at Benoa Harbor and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships. Species identification and phylogenetic analysed in this study used the mtDNA control region locus. The results of this study indicated that there are five tuna species landed at Benoa Harbor, namely yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), longtail tuna (T. tonggol), bigeye tuna (T. obesus), southern bluefin tuna (T. maccoyii), and albacore tuna (T. alalunga). Based on phylogenetic tree reconstruction, all samples were divided into five according to the number of tuna species resulted from molecular identification. Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is supported by genetic distance between clades has a value of 0.075 - 0.212, with the closest kinship found in yellowfin tuna (T. albacares) with bigeye tuna (T. obesus) and the farthest found in yelowfin tuna (T. albacares) with albacore tuna (T. alalunga).

Pengaruh Kerapatan Lamun Terhadap Kelimpahan Ikan Pada Padang Lamun Di Perairan Selatan Bali I Putu Irpan Aditanaya; Elok Faiqoh; I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma
Journal of Marine Research and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2020): FEBRUARI 2020
Publisher : Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University

Seagrass had contributed for the life of fish, for instance as a feeding ground, spawning ground, nursery ground, and shelter. Seagrass had a positive correlation against a fish abundance, where diversity and fish abundance were found more associated with seagrass compared on an empty substrate. This research aimed to know the relationship of seagrass density and fish abundance which is important to maintain the long term sustainability of fish in Southern Bali. This research was carried out along Tanjung Benoa and done in four station points started from Tanjung Benoa Beach to Nusa Dua Beach which has characteristic white sandy beaches, big wave beach facing Indian Ocean. Data collection of seagrass used line transect method with 50 x 50 cm2 quadrant and fish sampling used the method of visual censuses in 50 x 5 meters. The analysis of the data used in this study included analysis of seagrass density, fish abundance, linear regression, and statistic test correlation. The results showed the condition of seagrass meadow conditions in Southern Bali that could be categorized very tight. The total range of fish abundance on a 0.18 0.28 – ind/m2 was 10 families of fish, they are Apogonidae, Nemipteridae, Pinguipedidae, Fistularidae, Cepolidae, Labridae, Diodontidae, Pomacentridae, Scorpaenidae, Chaetodontidae, and highest abundance of the family is Apogonidae. A dependent variable (fish abundance) were able to be explained by independent variable (seagrass density) and seagrass density could describe its effects on the fish abundance. The test results of the regression analysis between fish abundance and seagrass density also indicated weak correlation level between the two variables connected.

Tutupan Terumbu Karang pada Kedalaman Berbeda di Perairan Pantai Batu Sungu, Desa Les, Kabupaten Buleleng I Putu Dede Charles Dharma Saputra; IGB Sila Dharma; Yulianto Suteja; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine Research and Technology Vol 4 No 2 (2021): AGUSTUS 2021
Publisher : Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMRT.2021.v04.i02.p07

Bali island has many magnificent underwater coral reef gardens that attract tourists. Besides Pemuteran and Menjangan island waters, Batu Sungu water has also potential to be a new tourist destination. Thus, to determine the potency and management plan in Batu Sungu waters, this research aimed to examine the overall coral cover, coral growth forms, other benthic forms, and each of their components in 5 and 10 m depths. The overall coral cover, coral growth forms, other benthic forms, and each of their components were counted by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Before collecting data, study sites were observed by using the Manta Tow method. Data were collected in 2 depths (5 dan 10 m) with 5 sites each (replicates) that separates within 50 to 150 m. A 25 m LIT was spread parallel to the coastline above the reefs. Live coral colonies, other benthic forms below the transects were measured for the number, length, and growth forms. Water quality was measured in situ (temperature, current, and clarity) and ex situ (pH). Results showed that the category of coral coverage in Batu Sungu water is "good” in 5 m and "moderate” in 10 m whereas there was no significant difference among each component of the overall coral cover. The most dominant coral growth form among the 2 depths was Coral Massive whereas significantly abundant in 5 m. Moreover, the number of Coral Foliose was found significantly high in the same depth. Other coral growth forms were relatively similar in numbers in two depths. As likewise, the cover of other benthic forms and its component were not significantly different among two depths, except Dead Coral with Algae which significantly plentiful in 5 m. Sand was dominantly found in two depths with no significant difference. Furthermore, Coraline Alga was only observed in 5 m, however, there were no Macroalga and Alga Assemblages found at this depth. It is assumed that the similarity number of the overall coral cover, coral growth forms, other benthic forms, and each of their components is related to the alikeness of water quality among the two depths.

Deteksi Perubahan Garis Pantai Menggunakan Teknik Geospasial, Studi Kasus Kecamatan Tejakula Hesti Aprianti; IGB Sila Dharma; I Gede Hendrawan; Nanin Anggaraini
Journal of Marine Research and Technology Vol 4 No 2 (2021): AGUSTUS 2021
Publisher : Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMRT.2021.v04.i02.p05

The coastal area in Tejakula Subdistrict has many potential benefits for local people and the development of the region. Regarding its economic perspective, marine biodiversity can be utilized for tourism development. In terms of culture and history, this area has many archaeological findings ranging from prehistory until the colonial period. However, the recent study from Balai Arkeologi Bali stated the objects were sunk into underwater at a depth of 1-2 meters due to the abrasion process. Therefore, this research discussed the changes of shoreline in the Tejakula Subdistrict area as a preliminary study to protect and preserve its potential values. This research, both in terms of economy, culture, and history. The calculation of shoreline changes is using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) application with Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and End Point Rate (EPR) methods. The results showed that the coastal segment in Tejakula District experienced an abrasion change with an abrasion rate of 0.89 m/year based on the SPOT satellite image analysis and 0.17 m/year from Landsat satellite imagery.

Pertumbuhan Transplan Karang Lunak Sinularia polydactyla dan S. asterolobata Berdasarkan Metode Tebar Dasar dan Penempelan Substrat Pada Lokasi yang Berbeda I Dewa Anom Agung Dwi Putra Jayantika; IGB Sila Dharma; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine Research and Technology Vol 4 No 1 (2021): FEBRUARI 2021
Publisher : Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMRT.2021.v04.i01.p07

Soft coral transplantations are widely used for rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems and commercial needs with common method are substrated-attached and placed on the metal table frame. These methods are considered as costly. This study aimed to examine the difference in the average growth of transplanted soft corals Sinularia polydactyla and S. asterolobata, spreading on the seabed and substrate-attached methods at different location. Transplantation was conducted inside and outside Pegametan Bay, Buleleng. Soft coral fragments were spread on the seabed and attached with cement. The increased sizes and survival rates of the transplanted soft corals were observed every two weeks. The differences in the average growth rates among soft coral species, transplantation methods and locations were analyzed by three-factor ANOVA and survival rates were analyzed by using the Log-Rank test. The results showed no significant difference in the average growth rates between S. polydactyla and S. asterolobata (P =0,104) and transplantation methods (P=0,141). The average growth rate of transplanted soft corals outside was significantly higher (P=0,025) than those inside the bay. This study indicated that the interaction between soft coral species, methods, and location significantly differed the average growth rates of the transplanted soft corals. The average survival rates demonstrated that there was no significant difference among transplanted soft coral species within similar locations in both methods. In contrast, the average survival rates of transplanted soft coral outside were significantly higher than those inside the bay in both methods that reached >80%.

Diversitas Makrozoobentos di Kawasan Ekosistem Mangrove Berdasarkan Perbedaan Substrat Desa Pejarakan, Kecamatan Gerokgak, Buleleng Ratih Permitha Syury; IGB Sila Dharma; Elok Faiqoh
Journal of Marine Research and Technology Vol 2 No 1 (2019): FEBRUARI 2019
Publisher : Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University

Kawasan ekosistem mangrove Desa Pejarakan merupakan kawasan yang sedang diusulkan sebagai kawasan konservasi oleh kelompok masyarakat NCF Putri Menjangan, Kecamatan Gerokgak. Hal ini membuat diversitas biota laut salah satunya makrozoobentos dapat berkembang biak dengan baik. Selain itu, adanya vegetasi mangrove dan perbedaan substrat juga mempengaruhi diversitas makrozoobentos. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode purpossive sampling untuk menentukan lokasi pengambilan sampel mangrove yang diasumsikan dengan adanya perbedaan substrat di setiap stasiunnya seluas 10 x 10 M, dalam transek tersebut dilakukan pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos dengan transek 1 X 1 m. Perbedaan substrat ini mempengaruhi nilai diversitas yang didapatkan, pada nilai komposisi jenis yang didapatkan untuk vegetasi mangrove tertinggi terdapat di stasiun 3 pada genus Sonneratia sebesar 62%. Sedangkan untuk nilai kepadatan dan diversitas mangrove tertinggi terdapat di stasiun 2 dengan nilai kepadatan 0,09 ind/m2 dan nilai diversitas sebesar 0,937. Lain halnya dengan nilai kepadatan dan diversitas tertinggi untuk makrozoobentos terjadi pada stasiun 1 dengan nilai kepadatan makrozoobentos sebesar 25,50 ind/m2, sedangkan untuk nilai diversitas makrozoobentos sebesar 2,865. Oleh karena itu, kategori diversitas untuk mangrove termasuk kategori diversitas rendah berbanding terbalik dengan keseluruhan nilai diversitas makrozoobentos yang termasuk dalam berbagai kategori diversitas sedang. Oleh karena itu, kondisi ini diasumsikan bahwa dengan adanya perbedaan substrat yang terjadi pada stasiun 1 berupa pasir berlempung, stasiun 2 berupa lempung berdebu dan stasiun 3 berupa lempung ini, dapat mempengaruhi perbedaan jenis yang terdapat di setiap stasiun. Hal ini dikarenakanan setiap makrozoobentos memiliki toleransi hidupnya masing-masing untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan habitatnya.

Potensi Harmful Algae Bloom (HAB) di Keramba Jaring Apung Perairan Desa Sumberkima Kecamatan Gerokgak, Kabupaten Buleleng Ni Luh Kade Paramita Kusuma; I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang; I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 7 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p15

Sumberkima Village is one of the villages in Gerokgak sub-district that has the most floating net cage cultivation in Buleleng regency. The development of fish farming activities with floating net cage techniques had an impact on the waters. The leftover feed that is not consumed, and the metabolic wastes produced by aquaculture increased the fertility of the waters so that it is feared that phytoplankton are potentially causing the Harmful Algae Bloom (HAB) phenomenon in the floating net cage aquaculture area of Sumberkima village which can have an impact on water quality, aquatic biota and cultivator’s income. This study aimed to identify the genus phytoplankton that has the potential to cause Harmful Algae Bloom (HAB) and the abundance of phytoplankton that has the potential to cause the Harmful Algae Bloom (HAB) phenomenon. This research was conducted in February 2019 at the floating net cage in Sumberkima village, Gerokgak sub-district, Buleleng regency. The study was spread over 10 points of floating net cages determined by purposive random sampling to represent floating net cages in Sumberkima village. Data were analyzed descriptively with phytoplankton abundance calculation using APHA (2005) method. From the research that has been done, it was found that the type of phytoplankton suspected to have HAB potential was found in 2 class groups namely Dinophyceae with a percentage of 15% consisting of: Prorocentrum, Dinophysis, Alexandrium and Peridinium then Bacillariophyceae with a percentage of 85% as many as 7 genera include: Thalassiosira, Pseudonitzschia, Biddulphia, Nitzschia, Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Ceratium.

Komposisi Jenis dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Karang pada 3 Jenis Bahan Terumbu Karang Buatan (Artificial reef) yang Berbeda (Beton, Ban Bekas, dan Besi) di Teluk Jemeluk Amed, Karangasem, Bali Ida Bagus Indra Danendra; I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma; Elok Faiqoh
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 7 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p05

Artificial reef at Jemeluk Bay, Karangasem, Bali is one of the area’s fisheries potential. Artificial reef is an underwater structure that is made for fishes’ protection and feeding ground. The purpose of this research is to know and understand types of reef fishes that surround the artificial reef, as well as the artificial reef’s affect onto the fish’s abundance at Jemeluk Bay. The method used for reef fish monitoring by visual census at artificial reef made from concrete, rubber tire and steel. This research is done towards six coral reef structures to get the reef fishes composition, which is made out of 7 fish families, 17 species, with an abundance total of 708 individuals. The highest fish abundance was founded at the 2nd rubber tire artificial reef with 6,4 individuals/m2, and the lowest fish abundance was found at the 1st concrete artificial reef with 3,28 individuals/m2. From the calculation at six of the artificial reef structures, the diversity index varies between 1,2 – 1,57, which is categorized as low diversity. The diversity value shows that steel artificial reef have the highest fish species diversity, however is still categorized as low.

Co-Authors A.P.W.K. Dewi Abd. Rahman As-syakur Adi Prasetyo Andrianus Sembiring Astria Yusmalinda Boiris Benet Sinaga Budi Santoso Danie Al Malik Dewa Arya Dwiyana dody setiawan E. Faiqoh Elitza Germanov Elizabeth Anastasya Elok Faiqoh Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas Gede Agus Bawantu Helga Margareta Hunter Hesti Aprianti I B. Suryadmaja I Dewa Anom Agung Dwi Putra Jayantika I Dewa Nym. Nurweda P., I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda Putra I G. Oka Wiradnyana I G. Suryadinata P I Gede Hendrawan I Gusti Agung Gede Bayu Gita Damara I Gusti Bagus Ngurah Adywan Surya Bhuwana I Gusti Ketut Sudipta I Gusti Ngurah Dirgayusa I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa I Gusti Putu Ary Wedangga I Ketut Dedi Ariawan I Ketut Suputra I M.S. Darmasetiyawan I Made Mudiasa I Made Sukearsana I NYOMAN MERIT I Nyoman Norken I Putu Dede Charles Dharma Saputra I PUTU GUSTAVE SURYANTARA PARIARTHA I Putu Irpan Aditanaya I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I W Wedana Yasa I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang I Wayan Nuarsa I Wayan Sandi Adnyana I Wayan Suarna I.W. Restu I.W.G.A. Karang I.Y.P. Perwira Ida Bagus Indra Danendra Irma Suryanti Janis Khansa Putri Argeswara Kadek Yudiastuti Karina Santoso M. Sudiana Mahendra Naila Makfiya Nanin Anggaraini Ngakan Putu Purnaditya Ni Kadek Dian Prinasti Ni Luh Gede Widya Bintang Gustavina Ni Luh Kade Paramita Kusuma Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha NI LUH WIDYASARI Ni Nyoman Pujianiki Niken Gustantia Pande N Sari Saraswati Paul Helga Fernandez Putra, I Nyoman Giri Putu Desy Darmasusantini Putu Dian Pertiwi Putu Eva Setiawati Putu Sri Juniarta Ratih Permitha Syury Sagung Putri Chandra Astiti Soni Senjaya Efendi Takahiro Osawa Widiastuti Karim Widiastuti Widiastuti Yolla Jessika Yulianto Suteja

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