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The Geoeconomics Analysis of the Digital Currency Law in El Salvador Yuliana, Lidia Eka; Iswardhana, Muhammad Ridha
LEGAL BRIEF Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): August: Law Science and Field
Publisher : IHSA Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/legal.v13i3.1019

Abstract

 The exclusive reliance of El Salvador is on the utilization of US Dollars for its day-to-day financial transactions. The review conducted in this research adopts geoeconomics of analysis to delve into the policy implications of integrating digital currency in El Salvador. This nation being the pioneer in embracing digital-based currency as an official medium of exchange, operates as local currency at present. The methodology employed in this research involves a qualitative-descriptive approach coupled with the collection of secondary data. The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of digital currency presents a dual nature due to its volatile characteristics, encompassing numerous advantages as well as disadvantages. Owing to the resolute implementation right from the beginning, the initiative undertaken by El Salvador poses both advantages and risks with regard to the legalization policy concerning digital currency
Indonesia's institutional strategy in RCEP: analyzing economic liberalism and ASEAN centrality through neoliberal institutionalism Muhammad Ridha Iswardhana
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020256724

Abstract

This research examines Indonesia’s participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the world’s largest regional trade agreement, focusing on the tension between Indonesia’s national economic interests and ASEAN’s principles of economic integration. The study addresses critical gap in literature by analyzing tension between Indonesia's national economic interests and ASEAN’s economic integration principles, particularly considering debates over ASEAN centrality and the role of institutional neoliberalism in regional governance. Using these frameworks, along with economic liberalism, this study analyzes Indonesia navigates its role within RCEP. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, analyzing policy documents and institutional reports through theoretical triangulation. Findings indicate that Indonesia’s participation in RCEP is not only a commitment to economic liberalism but also a strategic effort to strengthen ASEAN centrality through institutional mechanisms that regulate trade and foster regional cooperation. This study contributes to the literature by conceptualizing RCEP as a crucial institutional tool in ASEAN’s economic integration. It offers new insights into Indonesia can simultaneously pursue national interests and contribute to regional integration within a structured institutional framework. The research advances theoretical understanding by integrating neoliberal institutionalism, economic liberalism, and ASEAN centrality to interpret Indonesia’s role in regional economic governance.
Uzbekistan's strategic reliance on russia: The role of double landlock geography in shaping geopolitics Iswardhana, Muhammad Ridha
The International Journal of Politics and Sociology Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026): Law, Politic and Sosiology
Publisher : Trigin Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/ijopsor.v13i4.322

Abstract

Uzbekistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, is entirely surrounded by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan, and lacks direct access to the sea. This geographical disadvantage, combined with its historical ties to the Soviet Union, presents significant economic and geopolitical challenges. Uzbekistan’s landlocked status limits its ability to engage in international trade, creating a reliance on neighboring countries, particularly Russia, for access to maritime routes. This dependence not only increases transportation costs but also complicates Uzbekistan’s ability to fully integrate into global markets. As a result, Uzbekistan faces constraints in its economic development and must navigate complex political relationships with regional powers. This research adopts a qualitative, descriptive-explanatory methodology, incorporating geopolitics theory to analyze Uzbekistan's landlocked status. The findings highlight the significant consequences of being a landlocked country, emphasizing the political, economic, and diplomatic implications of Uzbekistan's dependence on Russia for port access and trade infrastructure.
Big Mac Trademark Dispute in the European Union Between Mcdonald's And Supermac's Iswardhana, Muhammad Ridha
Law and Economics Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): February: Law and Economics
Publisher : Institute for Law and Economics Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/laweco.v20i1.303

Abstract

The dispute between the American fast food giant McDonald's and the Irish fast food chain Supermac’s over the Big Mac trademark in the European Union highlights important issues in trademark law and market protection. The conflict began in 2015 when Supermac's applied to register its name as a trademark for restaurant services in Europe, but McDonald's opposed the registration, claiming that the name "Supermac's" was too similar to its iconic "Big Mac." In 2017, Supermac's requested the cancellation of the Big Mac trademark, arguing that McDonald's had not used it in relation to specific products and services in the EU for five consecutive years. The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) ruled in favor of Supermac’s, canceling McDonald’s Big Mac trademark, citing failure to prove genuine use of the trademark. This research aims to analyze the impact of this decision on the protection of McDonald's trademark in the EU. Using a qualitative approach and trademark protection concept focusing on identity and distinctiveness, the study finds that the cancellation of the Big Mac trademark could disrupt McDonald's market share in the EU, leading to consumer confusion and a loss of trust in the brand.
Pengabadian di SD Negeri Nogotirto: Dari Sudut Yogyakarta Menatap Dunia-Petualangan Seru Jelajahi Dunia Iswardhana, Muhammad Ridha; Maharani, Gita Ardya; Nurjannah, Lukluulhayu; Wulandari, Rizky
Jurnal Pengabdian West Science Vol 4 No 12 (2025): Jurnal Pengabdian West Science
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/jpws.v4i12.3209

Abstract

Pengabdian masyarakat ini merespons keterbatasan akses pendidikan layak bagi anak-anak wilayah pinggiran Yogyakarta. Pengabdian “Dari Sudut Yogyakarta Menatap Dunia-Petualangan Seru Jelajahi Dunia” dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Nogotirto. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian untuk memperkaya pengalaman belajar siswa, menumbuhkan kesadaran kontribusi sosial mahasiswa, serta membangun suasana belajar yang menyenangkan dan inspiratif. Metode interaktif diterapkan melalui permainan edukatif, storytelling, dan mentoring motivasional. Materi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional disederhanakan menjadi pengenalan kawasan dunia dan keterkaitannya dengan Indonesia. Anak-anak menunjukkan keterlibatan aktif melalui pertanyaan tentang etika pertemanan, keteladanan, dan rasa aman. Hambatan utama bersifat operasional: variasi kemampuan siswa, pengelolaan ritme kelas, dan keterbatasan sarana ajar. Secara keseluruhan, kegiatan ini memperlihatkan intervensi terstruktur dan adaptif dapat memperkuat dukungan kognitif-emosional siswa sekaligus menguatkan solidaritas sosial mahasiswa. Kolaborasi sekolah-kampus memastikan program kontekstual, bukan seremonial, serta memberi dasar perbaikan perangkat ajar dan keberlanjutan pendampingan lebih rutin.
Geopolitical Dimensions of Russia’s Control over the Peanut Hole in the Okhotsk Sea: Sovereignty and the Challenges of International Maritime Law Iswardhana, Muhammad Ridha
LEGAL BRIEF Vol. 14 No. 6 (2026): February: Law Science and Field
Publisher : IHSA Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/legal.v14i6.1588

Abstract

This research explores Russia’s geopolitical strategy in asserting control over the Peanut Hole in the Sea of Okhotsk, a strategically significant maritime area enclosed by Russia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The research addresses the tension between Russia's sovereignty claims and international maritime law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This research examines the legal complexities and geopolitical implications of Russia's policy to extend its jurisdiction beyond the 200-nautical-mile limit, asserting exclusive rights over seabed resources while the waters above remain classified as high seas. The analysis critically evaluates Russia's motivations, including economic interests in vital resources like fish, oil, and gas, and the broader implications for global maritime governance. The study concludes that Russia's actions, while legally contentious, reflect a strategic effort to enhance its economic resilience and military influence in the region. This case studies found the evolving challenges in reconciling national sovereignty with international legal frameworks, offering valuable insights into maritime resource management and geopolitical power dynamics in the Asia-Pacific region