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Marthin Steven Lumingkewas
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Moriah, Tangerang, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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The Binding of Isaac and Child Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East: A Comparative Analysis Lumingkewas, Marthin Steven
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.8, No.1 (April 2025)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v8i1.62

Abstract

Sacrifice in general in the sense of some people is giving something as a form of loyalty or self-devotion in various forms, such as property, even life will be given. If we look at and have heard history, several civilizations in the past had immoral and inhumane religious practices. The practice of child sacrifice has been a subject of considerable interest and debate within biblical and ancient history studies. This study examines the narrative of the Binding of Isaac (Genesis 22) within the broader religious and cultural context of child sacrifice in the Ancient Near East (ANE). While the Akedah shares thematic similarities with ANE sacrificial traditions—particularly the motif of offering a firstborn to a deity—it simultaneously presents a profound theological and ethical departure from those practices. Drawing on textual, archaeological, and comparative literary evidence from Mesopotamian, Canaanite, and Phoenician sources, this paper explores the ideological function of child sacrifice in ANE societies as an expression of extreme piety, covenantal obligation, and ritual appeasement. In contrast, the Genesis account frames the near sacrifice not as an act of ritual devotion, but as a divine test of Abraham’s faith and trust. Significantly, the intervention of YHWH at the climax of the story—commanding Abraham not to harm Isaac and providing a ram as a substitute—functions as a narrative critique of human sacrifice and a theological reorientation. Rather than affirming the cultural norm of child sacrifice, the Akedah undermines its legitimacy and introduces a new paradigm: one that emphasizes divine provision, the sanctity of life, and ethical boundaries in worship. This paper argues that the story’s literary form and theological message must be understood both in dialogue with and in opposition to its ANE context. Through this comparative lens, the Binding of Isaac emerges not merely as a story of obedience, but as a transformative moment in the history of ancient religion—marking a decisive shift toward a moral and monotheistic understanding of divine-human relationships.
Vulnerable Mission in Depth: Listening to God and Man in Indonesia Hutapea, Jusuf; Winanto, Natanael; Lumingkewas, Marthin Steven
QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Vol.7 No.1 (2024): QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Widya Agape dan Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/quaerens.v7i1.226

Abstract

The Christian mission in Indonesia faces significant challenges amid the country's cultural, religious, and social diversity. With a majority Muslim population, it is crucial for the church to listen to both the voice of God and the voice of humanity in carrying out its mission. This study aims to explore how the Christian mission can be more effective by integrating these two aspects: listening to the voice of God through spiritual teaching and addressing the social needs of the community. The concept of a vulnerable mission, which prioritizes responsiveness to social and cultural challenges, forms the basis of this study. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving in-depth interviews with church leaders, missionaries, and community members, as well as document analysis to understand the application of both aspects in the diverse Indonesian context. The research findings indicate that successful Christian missions in Indonesia are those that can integrate spiritual aspects with social empowerment, thereby strengthening the church's relationship with the local community. The contribution of this research is the development of mission theory with a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach. These findings are expected to provide insights for churches in Indonesia and similar countries in designing more adaptive, holistic, and relevant mission strategies.
Co-Authors Aceng Rahmat, Aceng Agus Santoso Arif Wicaksono Bobby Kurnia Putrawan Firman Panjaitan Handry David Rumimpunu Hellmut Sharon Tegar Waruwu Hutapea, Jusuf Jenry E.C. Mandey Marsaulina, Roce Maya Malau Missa, Antonius Muchlas Suseno Mudakir Ngguna, Apriyani Rambu Peni Hestiningrum Rick Gamelia Romdani, Romdani Samuel Sabadnugroho Selatieli Sihura Sijabat, Panderaja Simanjuntak, Marudut Bernadtua Sri Mulyani Stenly R. Paparang Susanti Embong Bulan Sutrisno Sutrisno Tatag Mulyani Tjerlang Munir Togatorop, Andri Winanto, Natanael Winanto, Oey Natanael Youke Singal