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Implementation of Public Service Supervision Function in Government Agencies by the Ombudsman of The Republic of Indonesia Mamluatus Sa'adah; Catur Wido Haruni; Esfandiari, Fitria
Indonesia Law Reform Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): July, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/ilrej.v4i2.32819

Public service is an important part of government administration that directly impacts people's lives. The quality and effectiveness of public services are the most important factors influencing public satisfaction and faith in government. The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, an autonomous agency governed by Law Number 37 of 2008, regulates the delivery of public services in Indonesia. As a result, the purpose of this study is to discover and investigate the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia's execution of the public service supervisory function in government agencies, as well as the challenges encountered and the efforts taken to overcome them. This study used the sociological juridical research approach. This study used primary data, specifically data obtained directly by researchers through in-depth interviews with the chairman and staff of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as secondary data, which included laws, documents related to public service supervision, and Ombudsman reports, to gain a better understanding of the supervisory function's implementation, which was then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The study's findings shed light on the Ombudsman's implementation of the public service oversight function, including the challenges it faced and the measures made to overcome them. This study also makes recommendations for improving the efficacy of public service monitoring in government entities. This research is expected to help Indonesia create public service oversight rules and practices, allowing government agencies to improve public services to better fulfill the requirements of the population. Abstrak Pelayanan publik merupakan bagian penting dari administrasi pemerintahan yang berdampak langsung pada kehidupan masyarakat. Kualitas dan efektivitas pelayanan publik adalah faktor terpenting yang mempengaruhi kepuasan dan kepercayaan publik terhadap pemerintah. Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, sebuah lembaga otonom yang diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2008, mengatur penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan dan menyelidiki pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan pelayanan publik oleh Ombudsman Republik Indonesia di instansi pemerintah, serta tantangan yang dihadapi dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer, khususnya data yang diperoleh langsung oleh peneliti melalui wawancara mendalam dengan ketua dan staf Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, serta data sekunder, yang meliputi undang-undang, dokumen terkait pengawasan pelayanan publik, dan laporan Ombudsman, untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif secara kualitatif. Temuan studi ini menjelaskan implementasi fungsi pengawasan layanan publik oleh Ombudsman, termasuk tantangan yang dihadapinya dan langkah-langkah yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Studi ini juga memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pemantauan pelayanan publik di entitas pemerintah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu Indonesia menciptakan aturan dan praktik pengawasan pelayanan publik, memungkinkan lembaga pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk dengan lebih baik.

Juridical Analysis of The Regulation of NIK as NPWP in The Taxation System in Indonesia Esfandiari, Fitria; Tongat, Tongat; Retno Meilani
Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/aclj.v5i2.30533

Entering the era of modernization, the government has introduced regulations regarding the use of the Population Identification Number (NIK) as the Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP). The purpose of this research is to determine the juridical analysis of the regulation of NIK as NPWP in the Indonesian tax system and to establish the ideal concept of integrating NIK as NPWP in the Indonesian tax system. The research method employed is a juridical-normative approach with a legislative perspective, conceptual approach, and literature study. The results of this research indicate that the regulation of NIK as NPWP will serve as a foundation for the profile of Individual Taxpayers (WP OP). The concept of integration will be carried out by the Minister of Home Affairs, who will provide population data and feedback data from users to the Minister of Finance, which will then be integrated into the tax database. As a result, cooperation will be established in the data management process to align and synchronize NIK with NPWP. This aligns with the concept of Collaborative Governance in achieving One Data Indonesia through the Harmonization of Tax Regulations Act (UU HPP).

Evidence of Oath in Case Dispute over General Election Results in Indonesia Sumali, Sumali; Esfandiari, Fitria; Fauzia, Ana
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 10, No 6 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v10i6.35413

In practice law proof according to laws, roles the judge's conviction had limited in a way normative with element “at least two tools evidence”. As a result, when there is one applicant in case dispute results in election general (PHPU) which turned out to be only presenting information witness as tool proof, then matter the no can process because no sufficient condition as in applicable regulations. The writing article aims to examine: 1) the authority of the Court Constitution (MK) in adjudicating PHPU; 2) the domination of PHPU cases at the Constitutional Court; 3) the aspect constitutionality of PHPU; 4) proof and tools proof in PHPU; and 5) urgency tool proof swear. The method used in this research is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the research show that the PHPU examination by the Constitutional Court is not just a matter of calculators or quantitative numbers, but also concerns the qualitative issue of holding elections based on honesty and fairness. Therefore, the use of sworn evidence in the PHPU dispute resolution process has quite objective relevance and urgency, namely: First, because there is a possibility that the Petitioner will have difficulty or minimally present sufficient evidence, due to the relatively short time duration in the PHPU settlement; Second, the PHPU case is not a case with a purely legal dimension, but rather a political problem behind which the disputing parties at the Constitutional Court stand thousands or even millions of constituents who emotionally need honesty and justice.

Repositioning Delegated Authority and Binding Power of Ministerial Regulations in Indonesia Risky, Saiful; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Esfandiari, Fitria; Anoraga, Surya
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 32 No. 2: MEI 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol32.iss2.art2

This research examines the position and binding power of Ministerial Regulation (Permen) and Coordinating Ministerial Regulation (Permenko) in Indonesia, after the Job Creation Law (Law No. 6/2023). The formulation of the problem includes (1) how the legal construction of Permen as a form of delegated legislation is, and (2) how is the coordinative nature and normative position of Permenko in the hierarchy of national regulations. The method used doctrinal analysis of positive legal norms combined with legislative delegation theory and public administration theory on coordination. The main findings reveal that the effectiveness of Permen depends on the clarity of delegation clauses and enforcement mechanisms, while the effectiveness of Permenko is determined by (a) clarity of delegation, (b) inclusion of sanction provisions, (c) layering regulation through supporting government regulation/presidential regulation, (d) participatory drafting mechanisms, and (e) accountability mechanisms such as reporting clauses and judicial review. This research contributes by formulating an integrated normative blueprint for the design of Permenko that integrates legal and administrative elements, as well as recommendations for amending Law No. 12/2011 and issuing supporting regulations. The implications of the study include strengthening legal legitimacy, increasing bureaucratic compliance, and improving checks and balances mechanisms in the delegation of executive authority. With the implementation of this blueprint, Permenko are expected to become a strategic instrument to ensure the consistency of national public policies, strengthen the principle of constitutionalism, and realize good governance in Indonesia.Keywords: Binding Power, Delegated Authority, Ministerial Regulations, Normative Hierarchy AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji kedudukan dan daya ikat Peraturan Menteri (Permen) dan Peraturan Menteri Koordinator (Permenko) di Indonesia pasca UU Cipta Kerja (UU No. 6/2023). Rumusan masalah meliputi (1) bagaimana konstruksi hukum atas Permen sebagai salah satu bentuk delegasi peraturan perundang-undangan, dan (2) bagaimana sifat koordinatif dan kedudukan normatif Permenko dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan nasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis doktrinal norma hukum positif yang dipadukan dengan teori delegasi peraturan perundang-undangan dan teori administrasi publik tentang koordinasi. Temuan utama penelitian ini adalah, bahwa efektivitas Permen tergantung pada kejelasan klausul delegasi dan mekanisme penegakannya, sedangkan efektivitas Permenko ditentukan oleh (a) kejelasan delegasi, (b) pencantuman ketentuan sanksi, (c) pelapisan peraturan melalui peraturan pemerintah/peraturan presiden pendukung, (d) mekanisme penyusunan partisipatif, dan (e) mekanisme akuntabilitas seperti klausul pelaporan dan uji materiil. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa penyusunan cetak biru normatif terpadu untuk perancangan Permenko yang mengintegrasikan unsur hukum dan unsur administratif, serta rekomendasi untuk melakukan amandemen terhadap UU No. 12/2011 dan penerbitan peraturan pendukung. Implikasi dari penelitian ini antara lain penguatan legitimasi hukum, peningkatan kepatuhan birokrasi, dan perbaikan mekanisme checks and balances dalam pendelegasian kewenangan eksekutif. Dengan diimplementasikannya cetak biru ini, Permenko diharapkan dapat menjadi instrumen strategis untuk menjamin konsistensi kebijakan publik nasional, memperkuat asas konstitusionalisme, dan mewujudkan tata pemerintahan yang baik di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Kekuasaan Mengikat, Kewenangan yang Didelegasikan, Peraturan Menteri, Hirarki Normatif

Problematising Ethnonationalism and the Challenges of Democracy in Indonesia Esfandiari, Fitria; Fadli, Moh.; Praja Dewa, Andiko Febrian
Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Serikat Pengajar Hak Asasi Manusia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56784/hrgs.v3i2.102

This research examines the dynamics of identity politics within the framework of ethnonationalism in Indonesia, highlighting the relationship between solidarity, conflict, and human rights issues. The aim of this research is to analyse how the state's response to ethnonationalist movements, particularly in Aceh and Papua, influences the formation of ethnic group solidarity while triggering conflicts that result in human rights violations. The research method used is a qualitative approach through literature study and case analysis, with data sources in the form of academic journals, official reports, and policy documents. The results show that identity politics can strengthen the internal solidarity of ethnic groups but has the potential to cause conflict if the state responds repressively. Case studies of Aceh and Papua reveal that security policies and state centralisation often exacerbate tensions, leading to human rights violations such as restrictions on freedom of expression and violence against civil society. The conclusions of this study emphasise the importance of an inclusive and human rights-based approach to the management of ethnonationalism and identity politics in order to prevent cycles of conflict and ensure the protection of the rights of minority groups in Indonesia. This study contributes to the literature by offering a contextualised analysis of how state strategies in managing ethnonationalist movements can either mitigate or intensify identity-based conflicts, particularly in post-authoritarian democracies.

Optimalisasi Regulasi Jaminan Produk Halal & Sertifikasi Halal LPPOM MUI untuk Produk Minuman Herbal Esfandiari, Fitria; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 6 No 1 (2022): Februari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aks.v6i1.11759

Produk halal saat ini telah menjadi gaya hidup bagi seluruh masyarakat di dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Sebagai bagian dari tren dan gaya hidup tersebut, ebberapa UMKM dan home industry mencoba merespon dengan tekun mempelajari regulasi terkait jaminan produk halal. Tak hanya itu saja, para pelaku usaha juga mulai rajin mempelajari alur pengajuan sertifikasi halal oleh LPPOM MUI. Pengabdian ini berusaha menjembatani kebutuhan tersebut. Melalui model pengabdian langsung dengan mode blended learning, tim pengabdi dari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang memberikan edukasi dan ilmu raktis kepada Mitra, yaitu CV. Caraka Abadi, produsen minuman herbal Cangloh. CV. Caraka Abadi berdomisili di Kota Malang dengan membawahi beberapa merek produk herbal, terutama minuman herbal. Hasil pengabdian menghasilkan dokumen pengajuan sertifikasi halal LPPOM MUI yang sudah disetujui dan tingal menunggu penerbitan serta pemahaman karyawan CV. Caraka Abadi tentang regulasi jaminan produk halal.Â

Legalisasi Supremasi Eksekutif? Studi Sosio-Legal terhadap Reformasi Kementerian di Indonesia Risky, Saiful; Ramadhan, Febriansyah; Esfandiari, Fitria
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2025.v14.i02.p03

This article will explore how the amendment to Law No. 39/2008 on State Ministries that removed the maximum limit on the number of ministries, has significant constitutional and political implications for Indonesia’s presidential system. This study employs a socio-legal or interdisciplinary approach by analyzing the normative aspects of legislation alongside the political dynamics behind the policy revision. The findings indicate that the removal of ministerial limits is primarily driven by political accommodation rather than administrative efficiency. This increasingly expansive governance model risks creating a bloated bureaucracy that lacks effectiveness in executing governmental functions. The findings indicate that without a limit on the number of ministries, the institutional precedent is difficult to reverse due to mechanisms of path dependency, which reinforce resistance to bureaucratic reform. To address the risk of constitutional regression and the weakening of the principle of checks and balances, this article recommends policy reconstruction by revising the Law on State Ministries to explicitly set a maximum of 34 ministries, as well as a limited amendment to Article 17 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia so that the restriction is constitutionally enshrined. In this way, the reform is expected to uphold constitutional supremacy, improve bureaucratic efficiency, and maintain institutional stability within the framework of good governance. Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentang Kementerian Negara yang menghapus batas maksimal jumlah kementerian menimbulkan implikasi konstitusional dan politik yang signifikan dalam sistem pemerintahan presidensial Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal atau interdisipliner antara ilmu hukum dan ilmu politik, dengan menganalisis aspek normatif dalam peraturan perundang-undangan serta dinamika politik di balik revisi kebijakan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penghapusan batas jumlah kementerian lebih didasarkan pada akomodasi kepentingan politik daripada pertimbangan efisiensi administrasi. Model tata kelola pemerintahan yang semakin ekspansif ini berisiko menciptakan birokrasi yang gemuk dan kurang efektif dalam menjalankan fungsi pemerintahan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tanpa pembatasan jumlah kementerian, 'preseden institusional' sulit dibalik akibat mekanisme 'path dependency', yang memperkuat resistensi terhadap reformasi birokrasi. Untuk mengatasi risiko 'constitutional regression' dan melemahnya prinsip 'checks and balances', artikel ini merekomendasikan rekonstruksi kebijakan melalui revisi UU Kementerian Negara yang menetapkan batas maksimal 34 kementerian secara eksplisit, serta amendemen terbatas Pasal 17 UUD NRI 1945 agar pembatasan bersifat konstitusional. Dengan demikian, reformasi ini diharapkan menegakkan supremasi konstitusi, meningkatkan efisiensi birokrasi, dan menjaga stabilitas kelembagaan dalam kerangka good governance.

Evidence of Oath in Case Dispute over General Election Results in Indonesia Sumali, Sumali; Esfandiari, Fitria; Fauzia, Ana
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 10 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v10i6.35413

In practice law proof according to laws, roles the judge's conviction had limited in a way normative with element “at least two tools evidence”. As a result, when there is one applicant in case dispute results in election general (PHPU) which turned out to be only presenting information witness as tool proof, then matter the no can process because no sufficient condition as in applicable regulations. The writing article aims to examine: 1) the authority of the Court Constitution (MK) in adjudicating PHPU; 2) the domination of PHPU cases at the Constitutional Court; 3) the aspect constitutionality of PHPU; 4) proof and tools proof in PHPU; and 5) urgency tool proof swear. The method used in this research is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the research show that the PHPU examination by the Constitutional Court is not just a matter of calculators or quantitative numbers, but also concerns the qualitative issue of holding elections based on honesty and fairness. Therefore, the use of sworn evidence in the PHPU dispute resolution process has quite objective relevance and urgency, namely: First, because there is a possibility that the Petitioner will have difficulty or minimally present sufficient evidence, due to the relatively short time duration in the PHPU settlement; Second, the PHPU case is not a case with a purely legal dimension, but rather a political problem behind which the disputing parties at the Constitutional Court stand thousands or even millions of constituents who emotionally need honesty and justice.

Legal Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Affected by Covid-19 Hidayah, Nur Putri; Komariah, Komariah; Esfandiari, Fitria; Jaelani, Abdul Kadir
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.24156

Covid-19 has interrupted the fulfillment of Indonesian migrant workers’ rights, while the State has promulgated Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and revised Law Number 18/2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. This research aims to find out how protection and law reinforcement are given to Indonesian migrant workers by the state during the pandemic according to Law Number 18/2017 in conjunction with Law Number 11/2020. This research employed a normative method and a statutory approach. The research results have revealed that according to Law Number 18/2017, the protection given to the migrants only took repatriation, and another form of protection is still deemed to be not optimal since it did not take the engagement of roles of the companies sending Indonesian migrants. Moreover, pursuant to Law Number 11/2020, there is no reinforcement implied since the changes taking place are likely to ease administrative measures, contrary to the fact that strict permits could reduce the likelihood of illegal and non-procedural placement of migrant workers. This issue affects the fulfillment of the rights of Indonesian migrant workers, especially during the pandemic. Thus, it is essential that the state reinforce the protection given to Indonesian migrant workers during the pandemic by reinforcing legal protection every company providing labor placement service has to take into account and by imposing administrative measures as sanctions or sentencing in case of failing to abide by regulations. Moreover, permit issuance to the companies running labor placement services for Indonesian migrants has to be made stricter to ensure that only credible companies pass the requirement of migrant placement services, allowing the status of the rights of Indonesian migrant workers to be properly met amidst the pandemic. Keywords: legal protection; Indonesian migrant workers; COVID-19 Perlindungan Hukum Buruh Migran Indonesia yang Terdampak Covid-19AbstrakCovid-19 telah mengganggu pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran Indonesia, sedangkan negara telah menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan merevisi Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan dan penguatan hukum yang diberikan negara kepada pekerja migran Indonesia di masa pandemi menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18/2017 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 perlindungan yang diberikan kepada TKI hanya berupa pemulangan, dan bentuk perlindungan lainnya masih dirasa belum optimal karena tidak melibatkan peran perusahaan pengirim TKI. Apalagi, menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020, tidak ada penguatan yang tersirat karena perubahan yang terjadi cenderung memudahkan tindakan administratif, padahal izin yang ketat dapat mengurangi kemungkinan penempatan pekerja migran ilegal dan non-prosedural. Isu ini berdampak pada pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran Indonesia, terutama di masa pandemi. Oleh karena itu, negara perlu memperkuat perlindungan kepada TKI di masa pandemi dengan memperkuat perlindungan hukum yang harus diperhatikan oleh setiap perusahaan penyedia jasa penempatan tenaga kerja dan dengan memberikan tindakan administratif berupa sanksi atau hukuman jika tidak mematuhi peraturan.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Pekerja Migran Indonesia; COVID-19. Правовая Защита Индонезийских Трудовых Мигрантов, Пострадавших от Covid-19 АннотацияCovid-19 помешал осуществлению прав индонезийских трудовых мигрантов, в то время как государство обнародовало Закон № 11 от 2020 г. о создании рабочих мест и пересмотрело Закон № 18/2017 о защите индонезийских трудовых мигрантов. Цель этого исследования - выяснить, каким образом государство обеспечивает защиту и укрепление законодательства индонезийским трудовым мигрантам во время пандемии в соответствии с Законом № 18/2017 в сочетании с Законом № 11/2020. В этом исследовании использовался нормативный метод и законодательный подход. Результаты исследования показали, что в соответствии с Законом № 18 от 2017 г. защита, предоставляемая TKI (Индонезийским трудовым мигрантам), предусматривает только репатриацию, а другая форма защиты по-прежнему считается неоптимальной, поскольку она не предполагает участия компаний, отправляющих индонезийских трудовых мигрантов. Более того, в соответствии с Законом № 11/2020 не подразумевается никакого усиления, поскольку происходящие изменения, вероятно, облегчат административные меры, вопреки тому факту, что строгие разрешения могут снизить вероятность незаконного и непроцессуального размещения трудовых мигрантов. Эта проблема влияет на соблюдение прав индонезийских трудовых мигрантов, особенно во время пандемии. Таким образом, важно, чтобы государство усилило защиту, предоставляемую индонезийским трудовым мигрантам во время пандемии, усилив правовую защиту, которую должна учитывать каждая компания, предоставляющая услуги по трудоустройству, и путем введения административных мер в виде санкций или наказания в случае несоблюдения правил. Кроме того, необходимо ужесточить выдачу разрешений компаниям, предоставляющим услуги по трудоустройству индонезийских трудовых мигрантов, чтобы гарантировать, что только заслуживающие доверия компании удовлетворяют требованиям служб трудоустройства трудовых мигрантов, что позволит должным образом соблюдать статус прав TKI в условиях пандемии.Ключевые слова: Правовая защита; Индонезийские трудовые мигранты; COVID-19.

Political Party Deliberation: Mechanism for Safeguarding Constituent Rights against Vacancies in House of Representatives Affected by Political Party Dissolution Fauzia, Ana; Esfandiari, Fitria
Jambura Law Review VOLUME 6 NO. 2 JULY 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jlr.v6i2.24110

The Indonesian Constitutional Court has the power to dissolve political parties. But this power has never really been used. This research aims is to examine the impact of the legal vacuum created by the collapse of political parties. The problems raised in this research are as follows: First, aspects of the legitimacy of political party management deliberations in filling the vacancies of members of representative bodies as an implication of the dissolution of political parties;.Second, the deliberation mechanism of political party officials should be analyzed as a legal reform to fill the vacant positions of members of representative bodies from disbanded political parties. The findings of this study take the shape of a notion concerning party management decisions offering their constituent votes to other political parties that do not reach the threshold for collecting votes to sit in parliament because they do not satisfy the parliamentary threshold.

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