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Guarantee of Protection of Electronic Land Certificates as Proof of Ownership of Land Rights Akbar Ramadhan Nugroho; Surya Anoraga; Esfandiari, Fitria
Indonesia Law Reform Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/ilrej.v3i2.29197

Changes in information technology have an impact on the public service system, especially in the land sector which is experiencing a transition from Analog Certificates to Electronic Certificates which raises several challenges, one of which is in the field of law, in practice the power of law because electronic information and transactions cannot be used as evidence, but must meet certain requirements. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the legal force of Electronic Land Certificates and to find out the efforts made by the government to protect the Electronic Land Certificate system. The research method used is the Normative Juridical Approach. The results of this study are the legal protection of electronic certificates in proving that they have a position as legal electronic evidence have been recognized in the procedural law system in Indonesia, and have strong legal force. Electronic Land Certificates require a legal umbrella governing the use of Blockchain technology contained in the ITE Law to be delegated to an implementing regulation. This study concludes that Electronic Certificates have the same legal force as Analog Certificates. As an effort to support the use of Electronic Certificates, the government's role is needed in formulating laws that regulate the substance of the use of technology in electronic certificate database storage systems.

Implementation of Public Service Supervision Function in Government Agencies by the Ombudsman of The Republic of Indonesia Mamluatus Sa'adah; Catur Wido Haruni; Esfandiari, Fitria
Indonesia Law Reform Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): July, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/ilrej.v4i2.32819

Public service is an important part of government administration that directly impacts people's lives. The quality and effectiveness of public services are the most important factors influencing public satisfaction and faith in government. The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, an autonomous agency governed by Law Number 37 of 2008, regulates the delivery of public services in Indonesia. As a result, the purpose of this study is to discover and investigate the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia's execution of the public service supervisory function in government agencies, as well as the challenges encountered and the efforts taken to overcome them. This study used the sociological juridical research approach. This study used primary data, specifically data obtained directly by researchers through in-depth interviews with the chairman and staff of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as secondary data, which included laws, documents related to public service supervision, and Ombudsman reports, to gain a better understanding of the supervisory function's implementation, which was then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The study's findings shed light on the Ombudsman's implementation of the public service oversight function, including the challenges it faced and the measures made to overcome them. This study also makes recommendations for improving the efficacy of public service monitoring in government entities. This research is expected to help Indonesia create public service oversight rules and practices, allowing government agencies to improve public services to better fulfill the requirements of the population. Abstrak Pelayanan publik merupakan bagian penting dari administrasi pemerintahan yang berdampak langsung pada kehidupan masyarakat. Kualitas dan efektivitas pelayanan publik adalah faktor terpenting yang mempengaruhi kepuasan dan kepercayaan publik terhadap pemerintah. Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, sebuah lembaga otonom yang diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2008, mengatur penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan dan menyelidiki pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan pelayanan publik oleh Ombudsman Republik Indonesia di instansi pemerintah, serta tantangan yang dihadapi dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer, khususnya data yang diperoleh langsung oleh peneliti melalui wawancara mendalam dengan ketua dan staf Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, serta data sekunder, yang meliputi undang-undang, dokumen terkait pengawasan pelayanan publik, dan laporan Ombudsman, untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif secara kualitatif. Temuan studi ini menjelaskan implementasi fungsi pengawasan layanan publik oleh Ombudsman, termasuk tantangan yang dihadapinya dan langkah-langkah yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Studi ini juga memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pemantauan pelayanan publik di entitas pemerintah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu Indonesia menciptakan aturan dan praktik pengawasan pelayanan publik, memungkinkan lembaga pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk dengan lebih baik.

Juridical Analysis of The Regulation of NIK as NPWP in The Taxation System in Indonesia Esfandiari, Fitria; Tongat, Tongat; Retno Meilani
Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/aclj.v5i2.30533

Entering the era of modernization, the government has introduced regulations regarding the use of the Population Identification Number (NIK) as the Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP). The purpose of this research is to determine the juridical analysis of the regulation of NIK as NPWP in the Indonesian tax system and to establish the ideal concept of integrating NIK as NPWP in the Indonesian tax system. The research method employed is a juridical-normative approach with a legislative perspective, conceptual approach, and literature study. The results of this research indicate that the regulation of NIK as NPWP will serve as a foundation for the profile of Individual Taxpayers (WP OP). The concept of integration will be carried out by the Minister of Home Affairs, who will provide population data and feedback data from users to the Minister of Finance, which will then be integrated into the tax database. As a result, cooperation will be established in the data management process to align and synchronize NIK with NPWP. This aligns with the concept of Collaborative Governance in achieving One Data Indonesia through the Harmonization of Tax Regulations Act (UU HPP).

Evidence of Oath in Case Dispute over General Election Results in Indonesia Sumali, Sumali; Esfandiari, Fitria; Fauzia, Ana
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 10, No 6 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v10i6.35413

In practice law proof according to laws, roles the judge's conviction had limited in a way normative with element “at least two tools evidence”. As a result, when there is one applicant in case dispute results in election general (PHPU) which turned out to be only presenting information witness as tool proof, then matter the no can process because no sufficient condition as in applicable regulations. The writing article aims to examine: 1) the authority of the Court Constitution (MK) in adjudicating PHPU; 2) the domination of PHPU cases at the Constitutional Court; 3) the aspect constitutionality of PHPU; 4) proof and tools proof in PHPU; and 5) urgency tool proof swear. The method used in this research is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the research show that the PHPU examination by the Constitutional Court is not just a matter of calculators or quantitative numbers, but also concerns the qualitative issue of holding elections based on honesty and fairness. Therefore, the use of sworn evidence in the PHPU dispute resolution process has quite objective relevance and urgency, namely: First, because there is a possibility that the Petitioner will have difficulty or minimally present sufficient evidence, due to the relatively short time duration in the PHPU settlement; Second, the PHPU case is not a case with a purely legal dimension, but rather a political problem behind which the disputing parties at the Constitutional Court stand thousands or even millions of constituents who emotionally need honesty and justice.

The Principle of Prudence and Scope Limitation in the Discussion of the Indonesian Constitutional Court: Implications for Legal Reform and Judicial Decision Making Esfandiari, Fitria; Fadli, Moh.; Tegnan, Hilaire
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): January, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i1.8071

The principle of precaution is understood as a preventive action in facing uncertainty or potential risks, especially when the potential impact of an action could be harmful. The Constitutional Court, whose decisions are final and binding, also applies this principle in its decision-making process. This research analyzes the relationship between the precautionary principle and the Justice Deliberation Meeting (RPH). The research method used was normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approach. The study results affirm that the characteristics of Constitutional Court justices, viewed from the theory of authority, are unique. The theory of authority in law refers to the power or authority an institution or legal body possesses to make legitimate and binding decisions. In the context of the Constitutional Court, its decisions have a distinctiveness that reflects this institution’s special nature and responsibility. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court’s final decisions are binding, prioritize public interest, and use comprehensive evaluations in testing laws, reflecting the application of the precautionary principle in maintaining the integrity of the Constitution and justice for the entire society. In the case of RPH, justices should also apply the precautionary principle by considering all aspects and potential impacts of the law on the Constitution and the sense of justice in society.

Repositioning Delegated Authority and Binding Power of Ministerial Regulations in Indonesia Risky, Saiful; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Esfandiari, Fitria; Anoraga, Surya
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 32 No. 2: MEI 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol32.iss2.art2

This research examines the position and binding power of Ministerial Regulation (Permen) and Coordinating Ministerial Regulation (Permenko) in Indonesia, after the Job Creation Law (Law No. 6/2023). The formulation of the problem includes (1) how the legal construction of Permen as a form of delegated legislation is, and (2) how is the coordinative nature and normative position of Permenko in the hierarchy of national regulations. The method used doctrinal analysis of positive legal norms combined with legislative delegation theory and public administration theory on coordination. The main findings reveal that the effectiveness of Permen depends on the clarity of delegation clauses and enforcement mechanisms, while the effectiveness of Permenko is determined by (a) clarity of delegation, (b) inclusion of sanction provisions, (c) layering regulation through supporting government regulation/presidential regulation, (d) participatory drafting mechanisms, and (e) accountability mechanisms such as reporting clauses and judicial review. This research contributes by formulating an integrated normative blueprint for the design of Permenko that integrates legal and administrative elements, as well as recommendations for amending Law No. 12/2011 and issuing supporting regulations. The implications of the study include strengthening legal legitimacy, increasing bureaucratic compliance, and improving checks and balances mechanisms in the delegation of executive authority. With the implementation of this blueprint, Permenko are expected to become a strategic instrument to ensure the consistency of national public policies, strengthen the principle of constitutionalism, and realize good governance in Indonesia.Keywords: Binding Power, Delegated Authority, Ministerial Regulations, Normative Hierarchy AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji kedudukan dan daya ikat Peraturan Menteri (Permen) dan Peraturan Menteri Koordinator (Permenko) di Indonesia pasca UU Cipta Kerja (UU No. 6/2023). Rumusan masalah meliputi (1) bagaimana konstruksi hukum atas Permen sebagai salah satu bentuk delegasi peraturan perundang-undangan, dan (2) bagaimana sifat koordinatif dan kedudukan normatif Permenko dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan nasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis doktrinal norma hukum positif yang dipadukan dengan teori delegasi peraturan perundang-undangan dan teori administrasi publik tentang koordinasi. Temuan utama penelitian ini adalah, bahwa efektivitas Permen tergantung pada kejelasan klausul delegasi dan mekanisme penegakannya, sedangkan efektivitas Permenko ditentukan oleh (a) kejelasan delegasi, (b) pencantuman ketentuan sanksi, (c) pelapisan peraturan melalui peraturan pemerintah/peraturan presiden pendukung, (d) mekanisme penyusunan partisipatif, dan (e) mekanisme akuntabilitas seperti klausul pelaporan dan uji materiil. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa penyusunan cetak biru normatif terpadu untuk perancangan Permenko yang mengintegrasikan unsur hukum dan unsur administratif, serta rekomendasi untuk melakukan amandemen terhadap UU No. 12/2011 dan penerbitan peraturan pendukung. Implikasi dari penelitian ini antara lain penguatan legitimasi hukum, peningkatan kepatuhan birokrasi, dan perbaikan mekanisme checks and balances dalam pendelegasian kewenangan eksekutif. Dengan diimplementasikannya cetak biru ini, Permenko diharapkan dapat menjadi instrumen strategis untuk menjamin konsistensi kebijakan publik nasional, memperkuat asas konstitusionalisme, dan mewujudkan tata pemerintahan yang baik di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Kekuasaan Mengikat, Kewenangan yang Didelegasikan, Peraturan Menteri, Hirarki Normatif

Problematising Ethnonationalism and the Challenges of Democracy in Indonesia Esfandiari, Fitria; Fadli, Moh.; Praja Dewa, Andiko Febrian
Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Serikat Pengajar Hak Asasi Manusia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56784/hrgs.v3i2.102

This research examines the dynamics of identity politics within the framework of ethnonationalism in Indonesia, highlighting the relationship between solidarity, conflict, and human rights issues. The aim of this research is to analyse how the state's response to ethnonationalist movements, particularly in Aceh and Papua, influences the formation of ethnic group solidarity while triggering conflicts that result in human rights violations. The research method used is a qualitative approach through literature study and case analysis, with data sources in the form of academic journals, official reports, and policy documents. The results show that identity politics can strengthen the internal solidarity of ethnic groups but has the potential to cause conflict if the state responds repressively. Case studies of Aceh and Papua reveal that security policies and state centralisation often exacerbate tensions, leading to human rights violations such as restrictions on freedom of expression and violence against civil society. The conclusions of this study emphasise the importance of an inclusive and human rights-based approach to the management of ethnonationalism and identity politics in order to prevent cycles of conflict and ensure the protection of the rights of minority groups in Indonesia. This study contributes to the literature by offering a contextualised analysis of how state strategies in managing ethnonationalist movements can either mitigate or intensify identity-based conflicts, particularly in post-authoritarian democracies.

Optimalisasi Regulasi Jaminan Produk Halal & Sertifikasi Halal LPPOM MUI untuk Produk Minuman Herbal Esfandiari, Fitria; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 6 No 1 (2022): Februari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aks.v6i1.11759

Produk halal saat ini telah menjadi gaya hidup bagi seluruh masyarakat di dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Sebagai bagian dari tren dan gaya hidup tersebut, ebberapa UMKM dan home industry mencoba merespon dengan tekun mempelajari regulasi terkait jaminan produk halal. Tak hanya itu saja, para pelaku usaha juga mulai rajin mempelajari alur pengajuan sertifikasi halal oleh LPPOM MUI. Pengabdian ini berusaha menjembatani kebutuhan tersebut. Melalui model pengabdian langsung dengan mode blended learning, tim pengabdi dari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang memberikan edukasi dan ilmu raktis kepada Mitra, yaitu CV. Caraka Abadi, produsen minuman herbal Cangloh. CV. Caraka Abadi berdomisili di Kota Malang dengan membawahi beberapa merek produk herbal, terutama minuman herbal. Hasil pengabdian menghasilkan dokumen pengajuan sertifikasi halal LPPOM MUI yang sudah disetujui dan tingal menunggu penerbitan serta pemahaman karyawan CV. Caraka Abadi tentang regulasi jaminan produk halal.Â

Legalisasi Supremasi Eksekutif? Studi Sosio-Legal terhadap Reformasi Kementerian di Indonesia Risky, Saiful; Ramadhan, Febriansyah; Esfandiari, Fitria
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2025.v14.i02.p03

This article will explore how the amendment to Law No. 39/2008 on State Ministries that removed the maximum limit on the number of ministries, has significant constitutional and political implications for Indonesia’s presidential system. This study employs a socio-legal or interdisciplinary approach by analyzing the normative aspects of legislation alongside the political dynamics behind the policy revision. The findings indicate that the removal of ministerial limits is primarily driven by political accommodation rather than administrative efficiency. This increasingly expansive governance model risks creating a bloated bureaucracy that lacks effectiveness in executing governmental functions. The findings indicate that without a limit on the number of ministries, the institutional precedent is difficult to reverse due to mechanisms of path dependency, which reinforce resistance to bureaucratic reform. To address the risk of constitutional regression and the weakening of the principle of checks and balances, this article recommends policy reconstruction by revising the Law on State Ministries to explicitly set a maximum of 34 ministries, as well as a limited amendment to Article 17 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia so that the restriction is constitutionally enshrined. In this way, the reform is expected to uphold constitutional supremacy, improve bureaucratic efficiency, and maintain institutional stability within the framework of good governance. Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentang Kementerian Negara yang menghapus batas maksimal jumlah kementerian menimbulkan implikasi konstitusional dan politik yang signifikan dalam sistem pemerintahan presidensial Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal atau interdisipliner antara ilmu hukum dan ilmu politik, dengan menganalisis aspek normatif dalam peraturan perundang-undangan serta dinamika politik di balik revisi kebijakan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penghapusan batas jumlah kementerian lebih didasarkan pada akomodasi kepentingan politik daripada pertimbangan efisiensi administrasi. Model tata kelola pemerintahan yang semakin ekspansif ini berisiko menciptakan birokrasi yang gemuk dan kurang efektif dalam menjalankan fungsi pemerintahan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tanpa pembatasan jumlah kementerian, 'preseden institusional' sulit dibalik akibat mekanisme 'path dependency', yang memperkuat resistensi terhadap reformasi birokrasi. Untuk mengatasi risiko 'constitutional regression' dan melemahnya prinsip 'checks and balances', artikel ini merekomendasikan rekonstruksi kebijakan melalui revisi UU Kementerian Negara yang menetapkan batas maksimal 34 kementerian secara eksplisit, serta amendemen terbatas Pasal 17 UUD NRI 1945 agar pembatasan bersifat konstitusional. Dengan demikian, reformasi ini diharapkan menegakkan supremasi konstitusi, meningkatkan efisiensi birokrasi, dan menjaga stabilitas kelembagaan dalam kerangka good governance.

Evidence of Oath in Case Dispute over General Election Results in Indonesia Sumali, Sumali; Esfandiari, Fitria; Fauzia, Ana
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 10 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v10i6.35413

In practice law proof according to laws, roles the judge's conviction had limited in a way normative with element “at least two tools evidence”. As a result, when there is one applicant in case dispute results in election general (PHPU) which turned out to be only presenting information witness as tool proof, then matter the no can process because no sufficient condition as in applicable regulations. The writing article aims to examine: 1) the authority of the Court Constitution (MK) in adjudicating PHPU; 2) the domination of PHPU cases at the Constitutional Court; 3) the aspect constitutionality of PHPU; 4) proof and tools proof in PHPU; and 5) urgency tool proof swear. The method used in this research is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the research show that the PHPU examination by the Constitutional Court is not just a matter of calculators or quantitative numbers, but also concerns the qualitative issue of holding elections based on honesty and fairness. Therefore, the use of sworn evidence in the PHPU dispute resolution process has quite objective relevance and urgency, namely: First, because there is a possibility that the Petitioner will have difficulty or minimally present sufficient evidence, due to the relatively short time duration in the PHPU settlement; Second, the PHPU case is not a case with a purely legal dimension, but rather a political problem behind which the disputing parties at the Constitutional Court stand thousands or even millions of constituents who emotionally need honesty and justice.

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