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Journal : Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC)

Controlling Robots Using Gaze Estimation: A Systematic Bibliometric and Research Trend Analysis Suryadarma, Engelbert Harsandi Erik; Laksono, Pringgo Widyo; Priadythama, Ilham; Herdiman, Lobes
Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) Vol 5, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jrc.v5i3.21686

Abstract

The rapid progression of technology and robotics has brought about a transformative revolution in various fields. From industrial automation to healthcare and beyond, robots have become integral parts of our society, such as using them to move laparoscopic cameras. Eye-gaze-based control in robotics is a cutting-edge innovation, providing enhanced human–robot interaction and control. However, current research is in the underexplored area of gaze-based control for robotics. This paper presents a systematic bibliometric analysis review of controlling robots using gaze estimation. The aim is to provide a research map overview of the use of eye gaze to control robots by clustering application areas based on ISIC-UN and several data acquisition technologies. Over the past 10 years, the number of publications in this field has been relatively stable, averaging 21.5 papers per year, with minimal fluctuations in annual article counts (σ = 4.9). This differs from research on robotics, which grows by an average of 1376 papers per year. Research on using eye gaze for robot control in the last 10 years in the field of human health and social work has only resulted in 17 articles; transportation and storage resulted in 12 articles; professional, scientific, and technical activities resulted in eight articles; information and communication resulted in five articles; and education and art resulted in two articles. Data acquisition technology for eye gaze research, primarily using a commercial eye tracker. Thus, there is significant potential for future research through the utilization of gaze estimation in various fields, as mentioned above.
The Effect of Eye Shape and the Use of Corrective Glasses on the Spatial Accuracy of Eye-Gaze-Based Robot Control with a Static Head Pose Suryadarma, Engelbert Harsandi Erik; Laksono, Pringgo Widyo; Priadythama, Ilham; Herdiman, Lobes; Suhaimi, Muhammad Syaiful Amri Bin
Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jrc.v6i4.26229

Abstract

The integration of eye-gaze technology into robotic control systems has shown considerable promise in enhancing human–robot interaction, particularly for individuals with physical disabilities. This study investigates the influence of eye morphology and the use of corrective eyewear on the spatial accuracy of gaze-based robot control under static head pose conditions. Experiments were conducted using advanced eye-tracking systems and multiple machine learning algorithms—decision tree, support vector machine, discriminant analysis, naïve bayes, and K-nearest neighbor—on a participant pool with varied eye shapes and eyewear usage. The experimental design accounted for potential sources of bias, including lighting variability, participant fatigue, and calibration procedures. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in gaze estimation accuracy across eye shapes or eyewear status. However, a consistent pattern emerged: participants with non-monolid eye shapes achieved, on average, approximately 1% higher accuracy than those with monolid eye shapes—a difference that, while statistically insignificant, warrants further exploration. The findings suggest that gaze-based robotic control systems can operate reliably across diverse user groups and hold strong potential for use in assistive technologies targeting individuals with limited mobility, including those with severe motor impairments such as head paralysis. To further enhance the inclusiveness and robustness of such systems, future research should explore additional anatomical variations and environmental conditions that may influence gaze estimation accuracy.