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All Journal E-Journal Of Cultural Studies Bumi Lestari Ecotrophic, Journal of Environmental Science Jurnal Kajian Bali Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA) Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya
I Nyoman Wardi
Program Studi Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI Wardi, I Nyoman
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 10, Number 4, November 2017
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (516.884 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/cs.2017.v10.i04.p05

Abstract

Since the emergence of the green revolution in Bali around the 1970s to the present day, in a gradation way emerged a variety of environmental changes and subak culture which is quite apprehensive. Among other things, the destruction of genetic resources, especially local rice varieties, and the emergence of concerns about the possible extinction of local rice varieties. This article aims to explore the meaning of wisdom of mupuk kembang ritual in World Cultural Landscape Catur Angga Batukaru, in the context of conservation of local rice varieties and food sovereignty in Tabanan-Bali. The research was conducted through data collection with observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and literature study. The collected data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The result of the study showed that mupuk kembang ritual usually is held towards the end of the pujawali ceremony on the cultural heritage of Catur Angga Pura Batukaru (Pura Muncaksari, Tambawaras, Besikalung, Pucak Petali, and Pura Batukaru) in Penebel District of Tabanan Regency. The mupuk kembang ritual is performed in the early morning (dawn), at around 04.00 - 06.00, where the holy man (pemangku) in trans condition (kerawuhan) put rice (Sri-Sedhana) rice (manik galih) to his people (bhakta) present in the pujawali ritual. Implicitly the ritual hinted rice (Oryza sativa) as a sacred plant or tree of life (kalpataru) and so that villagers, especially farmers (subak), conserve it, especially local rice varieties to be developed as the main source of life. The mupuk kembang ritual also supports government’s development programs in the context of maintaining food sovereignty in Bali.
The Concept of Royal Garden on Balinese Kingdom ( Period X – XX Centuries) ( Study on Environmental Archaeology) I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 5 No 1
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

Research is aimed to utillize archaeologicxal data sources ( artifact, isncription, manuscript) toinventory and study royal garden conception in Balinese kingdom period ( X – X Ceturies). It was carried outby research method. Firstly data was collected by literature study, observation, and interview. Then collecteddata analylized by descriptive qualitative techniqueResults of the research showed as follows. Royal garden establishment were affected by environmentaland cultural elements. Environmetal elements consist of physical and biological elements. Most importantphysical elements which very determined for garden establishment were water resouce, climate (24 0 C – 26 0C ), and topography ( 0 % - 3 %).Biological elements included vegetation (floweral and sacred trees such as menuh, angsana, bodhi,yellow coconut tree), and fauna include frogs, birds, fish,bumblebee and others.Meanwhile cultural elelementsrelated to social an cultural values, religious value, technology of hydrology, sicence of etnobotani ,planology,art , and social behavior.Function of the the royal garden were : (1) as a place to seek a quiet atmosphere, (2) a place forpurification and mediation, (3) as supplier of ritual equipments and conservative function, (4) as a suitableplace for study, (5) as a place to manage state policies, (6) for recreation and entertainment, (6) symbol ofpolitical stability and state prosperity.Royal garden conception was much affected by availablity of water resouce.There was a tendency thatthe garden which established was not just intended to honor a living king, but it also purposed to worshipking’s achestors and others divenes. The royal garden design is a inseparated design of capital kingdom’smasters plan. Since the royal garden was intergrated with a temple, so there was a tendency to choose sacredspace or sacred compass point ( east, north, or north-east) for gadern establishment. This concept pattern wasbased by cosmic conciousness to maitain balance and harmony between macrocosm (bhuwana agung) andmicrocosm (bhuwana alit or kingdom state) in order to reach peacefulness, properity and welfare life on earth.
PENGELOLAAN WARISAN BUDAYA BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN: STUDI KASUS PENGELOLAAN LIVING MONUMENT DI BALI I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 8 No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

The living monument in Bali (candi, pura/temple, hermitage cave, etc) has various functions. Since it was built, its function was dominated for religious purpose, especially to pay homage for god/goddess, ancestors, and other holy spirits. The praying purposed to ask for safety and peace, fertility, prosperity, welfare of the followers and the villagers. Besides that function, monument and its environment also utilized to enhance the historical and socio-cultural awareness and science development, and it is also useful for social integration, economic and ecological function. Recently those functions are still maintained and developed on line with socio-cultural and environmental changes. Related to socio-religious function with all of its rituals, later on cultural heritage become a prominent of tourism interest ( destination) in Bali. Besides that, the sacred value of the monument indirectly brings impact to environmental conservation. The conservation of natural environment then contributes to fulfill the monument needs for ritual and building construction. But recently, there is a new trend arising to communities related to cultural values which is showed by behavioral change on heritages conservation. The carelessness of environmental control and conservation, has caused degradation on quality of heritage and its environment. The degradation of ecological and magic-religious values, indirectly will affect the degradation of peace, prosperity and welfare of local communities , and then they are followed by lack of awareness and concern on cultural and natural heritages conservation. In order to cope with the problem, an holistic-integrated approach needs to be applied to manage living monument and its environment in Bali by appreciation on stability and proportional functions of socio-cultural, economic, and ecological aspect in frame of sustainable development.
Natural Conservation Base on Management of Sacred Cultural Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru Temple in Tabanan-Bali I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 20 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/blje.2020.v20.i01.p05

Abstract

The study aimed to discuss the characteristic and environmental wisdom of the sacred Cultural Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru temples in the conservation of natural resources in the regency of Tabanan-Bali. To reveal the research problems, data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interview, and document study. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive-qualitative technique. The results showed the structure of cultural landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru Temple consists of five cultural heritages as single vortices (sacred cultural landscape). The Batukaru Temple as a center with two main segments as subordinates, on west side, consists of Muncaksari and Tambawaras Temple, and on east side, consists of Petali and Besi Kalung Temple. Each unit managed by local communities generally comes from the Bali Age people. The management consists of the pengempon’s group temple, the institution of traditional villages, and subak's in the surrounding. As a living monument (temple), functioned as a sacred place to invoke safety, agricultural fertility, health, peace, and political stability. Similarly, through myth, ritual, and emission values the sanctity of the magical-religious, its cultural landscape located in the upstream region indirectly contribute very important to the conservation of the natural environment. As well as, the ritual uniqueness and aesthetic architectural values and beauty of the natural environment are so potential to be developed as a tourist attraction. In the modern era, in environmental degradation, it's very important to improve the welfare of local communities and conserving the natural environment in the context of sustainable development in Tabanan-Bali.
PEMBERDAYAAN TOUR GUIDE EKOTURISME DI KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA DANAU TAMBLINGAN-BATUKARU BALI I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 13 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

AbstractTraining Ecotourism Tour Guide Batukaru Heritage Region-Lake Tamblingan performed atMunduk Buleleng on 1 until 7 September 2012. The community service was held in SD 3hall Tamblingan and the meeting was attended by 20 participants from organisation guide(OBB) including the head of OBB (Organisasi Bangkit Bersama). The aims of this trainingto enhance the knowledge and skills as a tracking tour guide in Batukaru-Tamblingan.Training is also intended to provide a briefing on the knowledge ecosystem of lakes, forestand about the history and function of the cultural heritage in the region Batukaru-Tamblingan which now has been declared by UNESCO as a World Cultural Landscape inBali.As a local tour guide, which is still weak foreign language skills, age, and education levelof the participants is quite heterogeneous effect on the rate of absorption ability and spirittraining. Ecotourism tour guide training is expected to re-integrate the social cohesionand sustainable society in harmony.Recognizing the heterogenity of the condition of the trainee, techniques and methods ofpresentation of training materials, must be adapted to the conditions so that the materialcan be absorbed optimal. The first material was delivered in a lecture and presented byusing the Microsoft Power Point program and discussion to increase participants intereston the topic. Second, the practice of direct methods on objects that exist in the empiricalTamblingan Munduk Village. The practice of tour guide in the field for two days with shorttrack and medium tract.Based on the evaluation performed the training process, and from the impressions andmessages conveyed by the trainees at the time of closing, was satisfied and happy training.A participants gave very enthusiastic responses and are expected to continue to be thequality of human resources and OBB members of the community can be improved.
KONFLIK DALAM PEMANFAATAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI AYUNG, DI BALI ( Kajian Ekologi Manusia ) I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 3 No 2
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

Ayung river which is stretching along the five regencies constitutes the longes river (68.5 km) in Bali. The river has important roles in term of supplying water needed by localcommunities for subak irrigation system, for local comsumtions, tourism industries and forholding a religius ritual. The study is aimed to identify problems or conflicts which recentlyemerging to utilization of the river basin. The study was preceded by reviewing literatures,field observation, and indept-interview to the key informans. Data collected then bringanalyzed by a qualitative-description techniqueThe results of the study showed, that on line with tourism and demographicaldevelopment in Bali, there are some conflicts of interests have been emerging, including : (1)conflict between a group of farmers or regional government at upstream against middle ordownstream, (2) internal conflicts among tourism business (hotels/restourants and rafting),(3) conflicts between tourism businesses against local communities, and (4) conflicts betweenreal estates (public housing businesses) against subak institutions. In addition to those, thereare also some problems related to convertion of conserved area along the river edges.To coup with the problems/conflicts, integrated management approaches throughestablishing an institutions or forum to watch and to manage the river basin is needed. Themanagement should involve all stakeholders including local communities. All isues relatedto economical, ecological and culture aspects need to be consider in management system ofthe river basin, so that the harmony and sustainable development can be achieved.
DAMPAK PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DAN BUDAYA SUBAK : STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN TABANAN PROVINSI BALI I Nyoman Wardi; I.A Alit Laksmiwati; I Gusti Alit Gunadi; Abd Rahman As-syakur
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 14 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

The research aims to reveal the trens population growth over the 10 years (2002-2012) inTabanan Regency, as well as their impact on the land conversion of subak as well as otherchanges in environmental and cultural aspects of subak. Research conducted through thestages of data collection and data analysis. The technique of data collection was done bythe library research, observation, and structured interviews with questionnaires and indepthinterviews (depth interview).The data collected was analyzed by descriptivequalitativeand quantitative analysis with the help of cross-tables and analysis of satelliteimagery.Resultsof the study showed, the number of inhabitants of TabananRegency in 2012 reached441.900people, consisting of 220. 002-sex guy men and 221.898 women. The livelihoods ofinhabitants,mostly working in the agricultural sector (110.449people) and plantations(45,326people). Based on analysis conducted, it was revealed that within the last 10 years(2002-2012)population growthreached26,10% or = 2.61% per year.The highest growthoccurredin the district of Kediri 5,76%, then followed by district of  Baturiti 5.13%, Marga4.05%,and district of  Tabanan,3,69%. The lowest population growthoccurredin districtPenebel0.34%, then followed by the district of Kerambitan 0,56% and district of EastSelemadeg0.82%. The population growth seems to be more of a factor caused by migration(peoplecoming) 62,24% (1294 inhabitants) (from the difference in population that comes3293with people out 1999 inhabitants), if compared with population growth naturallyonlyachieve 37,76% (785 inhabitants).Thepopulation growth indirectly affects the occurrence of changes in the environment andcultureof subak. In the past 10 years occurred the shrinking land subak (fields) 672,89 ha,or2.95% of the total area of paddy fields in 2002 (22.842 fare ha). Other environmentaleffects,i.e. reduced water supply and the breakdown in some irrigation farmers, pollutionandthe impact of irrigation channel blockage by garbage plastic and aesthetic degradationofthe environment. Socio-cultural impact of subak, which tendency to the occurrence ofsocialconflict, disruption in the silent  ritual of rice fields (penyepian carik) and theabandonment of cultural heritage (pura subak) due to the occurrence of function fields intohousing and tourism facilities.The protection needs to be done to the environment and subak culture through the populationgrowth control with government policy, the formulation of customary law of subak (awigawig),and improve the welfare of farmers through the development of ecotourism that basedonsubak ecosystem.
KELAPA DALAM BUDAYA BALI SERTA UPAYA PELESTARIANNYA Nyoman Adiputra; I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 15 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

The coconut has a meaningful role in Balinese live. Economically, the coconut is becomingone of the commodity of Bali. The coconut products such as young and old leaves, flower,young and old fruits and the coconut stems, all of them used by the Balinese. Coconut isconsidered as food stuff, building materials, and for handycrafts. This article reports thecultural classification of coconut, based on Balinese way of looking. At least there are 12kinds of coconut, namely: 1) nyuh bulan, 2) nyuh udang, 3) nyuh gading, 4) nyuh gadang, 5)nyuh sudamala, 6) nyuh bojog, 7) nyuh surya, 8) nyuh rangda, 9) nyuh be julit, 10) nyuhbongol, 11) nyuh mulung, and 12) nyuh harum. The intended coconuts are used mainly forreligious ceremony. The aim of this article is to desiminate the intended information for it’sconservation and preservation. By knowing that, as a Balinese, hopefully, that every bodyfully concerned in the preservation program of coconut until forever.
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS SOSIAL BUDAYA: UPAYA MENGATASI MASALAH LINGKUNGAN DI BALI I Nyoman Wardi
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 11 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

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Abstract

The study was conducted in 2008 in Gianyar, Badung and Denpasar. The goal was to inventory and describing the residential waste management system conducted by the Balinese, and to identify the various problems faced in community-based waste management. To achieve these objectives was done by gathering data through observation, interview and literature study. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results showed that some of the constraints faced by village institution in waste management, namely: 1) low level of public awareness, 2) the difficulty of getting land for a depot for waste management; 3) the condition of garbage in front of the house (TPS) are not disaggregated (organic and inorganic waste mixed), 4) waste transportation time is not correct 5) lack thrasher; 6) marketing of compost that is not smooth and very limited; 8) waste processing workers’ health problems, and 9) the limited presence of operational funding for waste management. Socio-cultural-based waste management can be done to actualize and enhance the role of traditional institutions (traditional village/banjar) as its support the vision and mission of Tri Hita Karana; change the paradigm of the Balinese culture (cultural engineering) in waste management; actualization of cultural values and the sanctity of the environment (resource of vital nature) and area / sanctuary, reviving the tradition of mutual help to clean of the environment, promoting efforts to 3 R (reduce, reuse and recycle) waste of rural community residents; enhance the active role of housewives (PKK) in waste management, implementation of household and environmental management rules (waste) effectively through the mechanism of reward and punishment in the form of customary rules (awig-awig).
PENGELOLAAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PURA BATUKARU SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK EKOWISATA I Nyoman Wardi; I Wayan Srijaya
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 16 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/blje.2016.v16.i01.p09

Abstract

The research aims to uncover the potential and management Cultural Landscape PuraBatukaru (Batukaru Temple)  as the appeal of ecotourism in Tabanan and Bali in general.The study was conducted by the method of data collection and analysis. The data collectionis done by observation, interview (dept-interview), and literature study. The data wereanalyzed descriptively qualitative.The study showed that Pura Batukaru reserve that has been set by UNESCO as part ofthe World Cultural Landscape of Bali can be classified into Associative Cultural Landscape(Associative Cultural Landscapes). More details, namely the associative cultural landscapenuances of local culture (Bali). Cultural landscape nuances of local culture Bali includesthree main components of the environment (human-nature-god) in the relationship andinteraction interdependence known as Tri Hita Karana.Based on the names of palinggih (shrine), namely Pucak Kedaton / Sang HyangTumuwuh, and figures of other gods), stone shrines (natural stone) and communities tomanage these (community Bali Age / Bali Mula and Jero Kubayan), historically likelyHeritage Pura Batukaru already exist on prehistoric times (Neolithic-Megalithik). Then,when the kingdom’s political system (mornachi) introduced by Hindu culture, figures ofkings (royalty) was also honored at the site by building shrines as media for ancestralworship.Cultural Landscape of Pura Batukaru can be classified into Associative CulturalLandscape (Associative Cultural Landscapes), namely the associative cultural landscapenuances of local culture (Bali). Cultural landscape nuances of local culture Bali includesthree main components of the environment (human-nature-god) in the relationship andinteraction interdependence known as Tri Hita Karana.Heritage of Pura Batukaru with its jajar-kumiri network (pecan row) and relationswith Ulun Danu Tamblingan form a sacred area (sacred cultural landscape of Batukaru)and the rituals and myths that exist in it has important value in maintaining and preservingthe natural environment for a variety of purposes and interests of the community andgovernment in development, especially the development of ecotourism in a sustainablemanner in Tabanan and Bali in general.
Co-Authors Abd. Rahman As-syakur Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Dewi, Rosa Bila Putri Elen Giantino Gde Indra Bhaskara Husein Abudrrahim I Gusti Agung Ayu Rai Asmiwyati I GUSTI ALIT GUNADI I Kadek Sudana Wira Darma I Ketut Ardhana Ardhana, I Ketut Ardhana I MADE SUARTAMA I Made Suparma Netra I Nyoman Adi Putra I NYOMAN SUANDANA I Wayan Srijaya I Wayan Srijaya, I Wayan I Wayan Suardiana I Wayan Suarna Ida Ayu Alit Laksmiwati M Rian Indra Eftritianto M. Sudiana Mahendra Muda, Berlin Damanik N.K Mardani Ngiso, Vinsensia Quirina Ngene Ni Putu Ari Trisna Amelia Nita Elyazar Putra, Hutomo Ramzy Rabany Rochtri Agung Bawono Rochtri Agung Bawono, Rochtri Agung Zuraidah .