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Journal : Universa Medicina

In-vivo antimalarial activity of Holothuria scabra simplicia in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice Sri Laksemi, Dewa Ayu Agus; Asri Damayanti, Putu Ayu; Sudarmaja, I Made; Tunas, I Ketut; Ratna Sundari, Luh Putu; Rustini, Ni Luh; Budi Apsari, Putu Indah
Universa Medicina Vol. 43 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2024.v43.195-201

Abstract

BACKGROUNDMalaria remains one of the major causes of death worldwide. Holothuria scabra has a high nutritional content and many biological effects. The development of alternative anti-malarial drugs is necessary, considering that resistance to the newest anti-malarial drugs has been reported. This research study aimed to determine the anti-malarial effects of Holothuria scabra in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. METHODSThis was a post-test only control group study conducted on 24 Balb/c mice. Peter’s four-day suppressive test was employed to ascertain the claimed anti-plasmodial effect of the simplicia. Following inoculation with P. berghei, all 24 mice were infected and randomized into 4 groups, namely 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. The control group was given carboxymethyl cellulose, two of the treatment groups were given doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg BW Holothuria scabra, respectively, using Peter’s four-day suppressive test, while the remaining treatment group received a dose of 100 mg/kgBW using the prophylactic method. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA. RESULTSThe results showed by using both the four-day suppressive test and the prophylactic method, that Holothuria scabra has antimalarial activity. Holothuria scabra at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW was significantly effective in decreasing the percentage of parasitemia (p=0.000) and tended to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium berghei in mice (p=0.054). CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that Holothuria scabra possesses anti-plasmodial activity in mice. Hence, the sea cucumber could serve as a potential source of a newer antimalarial agent.
Antimalarial flavonoid glycoside from Carica papaya with inhibitory potential against Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase: an in-silico study Sri Laksemi, Dewa Ayu Agus; Primayanti, I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi; Surudarma, I Wayan; Damayanti, Putu Ayu Asri; Susanti, Ni Made Pitri
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.26-33

Abstract

BACKGROUNDCarica papaya is traditionally used to treat malaria. The mechanism of action of the active constituents may be determined by molecular docking. This study therefore examined the in silico antimalarial activity of selected compounds from Carica papaya using Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) as target protein. METHODSAntimalarial activity screening of Carica papaya compounds was done in silico using AutoDock 4.2 software which was equipped with Autodock tools 1.5.6 for preparation. Five compounds contained in Carica papaya leaves, i.e. quercitrin, isoquercitrin, carpaine, caricaxanthin, and violaxanthin were successfully docked with the target protein. The molecular docking method is declared valid if the RMSD obtained is not more than 2 Å. In vitro evaluation of the test compounds as antimalarials was accomplished by determining their inhibitory activity against dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) which plays a role in the synthesis of nucleotides needed by Plasmodium falciparum. RESULTSValidation of Plasmodium falciparum DHFR-TS with PDB ID 1J3I showed an RMSD value of 1.58 Å. The docking results showed that quercitrin, isoquercitrin, carpaine, and caricaxanthin showed negative energy values similar to the native ligand. Therefore the four compounds have good affinity for the target protein, while violaxanthin shows a positive energy value, indicating no affinity for the target protein. CONCLUSIONBased on binding affinity values and molecular interactions, isoquercitrin and quercitrin have inhibitory activity against dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS), such that they have potential as natural antimalarial candidates.
Co-Authors Agus Susanta Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi Anak Agung Ngurah Ardha Dwikananda Angela, Christine Bisma Krisnanda, I Kadek Chandra, Angeline Damayanti S, Made Rini Dana, I Kadek Desak Made Widyanthari Desak Putu Yuni Sumaryani Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksemi Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksmi Dimas Aji Saputra Dyatmika, I Nyoman Adidana Jaya Eka Diarthini, Ni Luh Putu Eny Anggraini Fitriana Melinda Haritharan Ganesan I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi Primayanti, I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi I Gusti Kamasan Arijana I Kadek Swastika I Ketut Tunas I Made Sudarmaja I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA Ida Ayu Dewi Wiryantini Ida Bagus Putra Adyatma Ida Bagus Satriya Wibawa Indah Mei Rahajeng Jody Erlangga Juniantara, I Kadek Ade Kadek Cahya Utami Kanaka Puspita, Ida Ayu Luh Gede Mira Swandewi Luh Putu Ratna Sundari Made Rini Damayanti Ni Kadek Rima Pebrianti Ni Luh Ariwati Ni Luh Ariwati Ni Luh Dian Mirayanti Ni Luh Putu Eka Diarthini Ni Luh Putu Eka Diarthini, Ni Luh Putu Eka Ni Luh Putu Eva Yanti Ni Luh Rustini Ni Made Pitri Susanti Ni Putu Apriliani Ekayanti Ni Putu Emy Darma Yanti Ni Putu Wardani Nurdiyanti, Nurdiyanti Pratisthita Sukadana, I Made Ananda Prajna Purantara, Anak Agung Gede Wiweka Winahya Putra, I Putu Bagus Krisna Pramana Putri, Luh Kadek Meilina Putu Indah Budi Apsari Putu Saras Widar Yuliantari Sanjiwani, Ida Arimurti Semara, I Nyoman Sudha Sri Laksemi, Dewa Ayu Agus Sujaya, I Made Pranawa Yogananda Suputra, I Wayan Bagus Abiyoga Surudarma, I Wayan Swastika, I Nengah Raka Tataraharja, I Putu Langgeng Sugih Tustiani, Ni Ketut Nining Aras William, Kristoforus