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The Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from the Traditional Medicinal Plants Leaves that Have Anti-Phytopathogens Activity Zam, Syukria Ikhsan; Agustien, Anthoni; Syamsuardi, Syamsuardi; Djamaan, Akmal; Mustafa, Irfan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.8

Endophytic bacteria live in plant tissues which utilized in plant protection against phytopathogens. This study aims to investigate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of traditional medicinal plants that has anti-phytopathogens properties. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done by spread plate method. The bacteria were characterised by Gram staining and the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Further screening of anti-phytopathogen activity used disc diffusion method for Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. All togethers, sixteen isolates of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of eight medicinal plants species were obtained. Fourteen isolates had an anti-phytopathogen (with eight isolates against R. solanacearum, seven isolates against X. campestris, nine isolates against F. oxysporum, and five isolates against S. rolfsii). From the 14 isolates identified, phylum Firmicutes were dominant (64.3%), followed by Proteobacteria (28.6%), and Actinobacteria (7.1%). Phylum Firmicutes consists of Bacillus indicus (BJF1, TCF1, and MCF2), Bacillus pumilus (CAF4), Bacillus sp. (CAF1), Bacillus subtilis (AAF2, MCF1, CAF3, and MCF3); phylum Proteobacteria consists of Pantoea agglomerans (CAF2), Pantoea stewartii (AAF4), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (AAF3), and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans (AAF1); and phylum Actinobacteria consists of Kocuria kristinae (CSF1).

Identification of Potential Pathogen Bacteria Causing Tuber Rot in Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Aini, Afifah Nur; Azrianingsih, Rodiyati; Mustafa, Irfan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Tuber rot has been reported as one of the limiting factors to porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) tuber production. Bacterial infection is one of the main causes of tuber rot during storage. In this study, a total of seven bacterial isolates obtained from porang tubers were tested for their potency to cause rotting on porang tubers. Porang tubers were immersed in bacterial suspension and incubated for 14 days. The physical properties of the tubers such as texture and color, and the chemical properties such as reducing sugar and ethanol content were determined at the end of incubation period. All infected tubers were soft, slimy and darker. Two isolates, T4 and T9A, had the highest potency to cause tuber rot indicated by the significantly higher reducing sugar content (14.38 and 15.32 mg/ml) and higher ethanol content (32.17 and 35.05%) compared to control tubers which were not infected with bacteria. Both isolates were identified as Bacillus altitudinis and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively, based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis.

Soil Properties and Macrofauna Community in a Converted Intensive Rice Field into an Organic Polyculture in Malang Regency, Indonesia: Soil Properties and Macrofauna Community in a Converted Intensive Rice Field Inayah, Durrotul; Mustafa, Irfan; Arisoesilaningsih, Endang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.13

Farmers in Malang cultivated rice intensively since 2019 due to water availability but reduce yields. It might also reduce soil productivity and increase pest attacks, so the conversion field to organic polyculture was needed using sorghum and legumes. The research aims were to evaluate soil fauna dynamics and soil properties in the three, six, and 12 months after converting (mac) into organic polyculture. Soil and micro-climate factors were recorded including air temperature (°C), day length (hours), rainfall (mm), water content (%), organic matter content (%), electrical conductivity (mS.m-1), pH, and soil bulk density (g.cm-3). Soil macrofauna was sampled using hand sorting (20 x 20 x 10 cm) with five plots at each field. Identified soil macrofauna was used to determine the density, frequency, Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H'), Evenness Index (E), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Diversity t-test, and Indicator Species. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the interaction among abiotic factors and macrofauna using PAST 4.05. Results showed that the improvement of soil properties including soil organic matter and soil macrofauna was recorded at 6 mac compared to the intensive rice field, and continuously at 12 mac. The richness, diversity, and evenness of soil macrofauna taxa were higher in the converted field than in the intensive one due to organic polyculture. Moreover, we recorded a better proportion of detritivores and predators in the converted field after 12 months. Based on Indicator Species analysis, the dominant fire ants (Solenopsis sp.) in the intensive rice field might be considered as a potential indicator of unhealthy soil in the intensive rice fields. Whereas in the converted field the dominancy of these ants greatly decreased. We concluded that within 6 months conversion using the organic polyculture improved soil properties.

Different Mangrove Rehabilitation Statuses Effects to Benthic Bacterial Structure Community in the Northern Area of Java Island: Mangrove Rehabilitation to Benthic Bacterial in the Northern Area of Java Island Vidayanti, Viky; Retnaningdyah, Catur; Mustafa, Irfan; Oktaviani, Indah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.15

The study proposed identifying the changes in bacterial community and diversity and exploring the potential correlations among sediments parameters and benthic bacterial communities under different mangrove ecosystems rehabilitation statuses. There were three sites: 1. Banyuurip Mangrove Center (BMC) as a restoration site; 2. Pulau Lusi (PL) as a degraded site; and 3. Kampung Blekok (KB) as natural site. The physicochemical parameters and benthic bacteria from the mangrove sediment of the three locations were observed. The data were analyzed statistically to determine the sites' variation and the correlation between parameters. The results found that the physicochemical parameters among restoration sites varied. Soil organic matter (SOM) in natural and restoration sites was significantly higher than in degraded sites. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium and potassium ions, and soil conductivity of the restoration site were considerably higher than the other sites. According to diversity indices and taxa richness, benthic bacteria in the restoration were the most diverse. Proteobacteria dominated in natural and restoration sites; meanwhile, Firmicutes dominated in degraded site. Sulfurovum aggregans was found abundant in natural and restoration sites; meanwhile, Mesobacillus subterraneus was the dominant species in the degraded site. Furthermore, the bacterial taxa richness was positively correlated with SOM and the bacterial diversity was correlated with CEC and conductivity.

Soil Properties and Macrofauna Community in a Converted Intensive Rice Field into an Organic Polyculture in Malang Regency, Indonesia: Soil Properties and Macrofauna Community in a Converted Intensive Rice Field Inayah, Durrotul; Mustafa, Irfan; Arisoesilaningsih, Endang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.13

Farmers in Malang cultivated rice intensively since 2019 due to water availability but reduce yields. It might also reduce soil productivity and increase pest attacks, so the conversion field to organic polyculture was needed using sorghum and legumes. The research aims were to evaluate soil fauna dynamics and soil properties in the three, six, and 12 months after converting (mac) into organic polyculture. Soil and micro-climate factors were recorded including air temperature (°C), day length (hours), rainfall (mm), water content (%), organic matter content (%), electrical conductivity (mS.m-1), pH, and soil bulk density (g.cm-3). Soil macrofauna was sampled using hand sorting (20 x 20 x 10 cm) with five plots at each field. Identified soil macrofauna was used to determine the density, frequency, Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H'), Evenness Index (E), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Diversity t-test, and Indicator Species. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the interaction among abiotic factors and macrofauna using PAST 4.05. Results showed that the improvement of soil properties including soil organic matter and soil macrofauna was recorded at 6 mac compared to the intensive rice field, and continuously at 12 mac. The richness, diversity, and evenness of soil macrofauna taxa were higher in the converted field than in the intensive one due to organic polyculture. Moreover, we recorded a better proportion of detritivores and predators in the converted field after 12 months. Based on Indicator Species analysis, the dominant fire ants (Solenopsis sp.) in the intensive rice field might be considered as a potential indicator of unhealthy soil in the intensive rice fields. Whereas in the converted field the dominancy of these ants greatly decreased. We concluded that within 6 months conversion using the organic polyculture improved soil properties.

Different Mangrove Rehabilitation Statuses Effects to Benthic Bacterial Structure Community in the Northern Area of Java Island: Mangrove Rehabilitation to Benthic Bacterial in the Northern Area of Java Island Vidayanti, Viky; Retnaningdyah, Catur; Mustafa, Irfan; Oktaviani, Indah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.15

The study proposed identifying the changes in bacterial community and diversity and exploring the potential correlations among sediments parameters and benthic bacterial communities under different mangrove ecosystems rehabilitation statuses. There were three sites: 1. Banyuurip Mangrove Center (BMC) as a restoration site; 2. Pulau Lusi (PL) as a degraded site; and 3. Kampung Blekok (KB) as natural site. The physicochemical parameters and benthic bacteria from the mangrove sediment of the three locations were observed. The data were analyzed statistically to determine the sites' variation and the correlation between parameters. The results found that the physicochemical parameters among restoration sites varied. Soil organic matter (SOM) in natural and restoration sites was significantly higher than in degraded sites. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium and potassium ions, and soil conductivity of the restoration site were considerably higher than the other sites. According to diversity indices and taxa richness, benthic bacteria in the restoration were the most diverse. Proteobacteria dominated in natural and restoration sites; meanwhile, Firmicutes dominated in degraded site. Sulfurovum aggregans was found abundant in natural and restoration sites; meanwhile, Mesobacillus subterraneus was the dominant species in the degraded site. Furthermore, the bacterial taxa richness was positively correlated with SOM and the bacterial diversity was correlated with CEC and conductivity.

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