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The Influence of Global Muslim Feminism on Indonesian Muslim Feminist Discourse Nina Nurmila
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 49, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2011.491.33-64

Since the early 1990s, many Muslim feminist works have been translated into Indonesian. These are, for example, the works of Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Amina Wadud, Asghar Ali Engineer, Nawal Saadawi, Asma Barlas and Ziba Mir-Hossaini. These works have been influential in raising the awareness of Indonesian Muslims concerning Islam as a religion which supports equality and justice, but whose message has been blurred by patriarchal interpretations of the Qur’an which mostly put men in the superior position over women. Influenced by Muslim feminists from other countries, there has been an increasing number of Indonesian Muslim scholars, both male and female, who have challenged the existing male biased Qur’anic interpretations on gender relations. These scholars, for instance, are Lily Zakiyah Munir, Nasaruddin Umar, Zaitunah Subhan, Musdah Mulia and Nurjannah Ismail. This paper aims to shed some light on the influence of non-Indonesian Muslim feminist works on Indonesian Muslim feminist discourse. It will also discuss some of the reactions of Indonesian Muslims to the works of Muslim feminists. While some argue for the reinterpretation of the Qur’anic verses from the perspective of gender equality, others feel irritation and anger with the contemporary Muslim feminist critique of the classical Muslim interpretations of the Qur’an, mistakenly assuming that Muslim feminists have criticized or changed the Qur’an. This feeling of anger, according to Asma Barlas, may be caused by the unconscious elevation in the minds of many Muslims of the classical fiqh and tafsir into the position of replacing the Qur’an or even putting these human works above the Qur’an. This, according to her, has unconsciously left the Qur’an “untouchable” (too sacred to be reinterpreted) for most contemporary Muslims.

The Spread of Muslim Feminist Ideas in Indonesia: Before and After the Digital Era Nina Nurmila
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 59, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2021.591.97-126

Internet has changed the way how knowledge is spread. This paper describes the spread of Muslim feminist ideas in Indonesia. It answers the questions of what constitute feminist ideas, how Muslim feminist ideas spread before and after the Digital Era and what challenges and opportunities provided by the internet that hinder and help the spread of these ideas. Muslim feminism has spread in Indonesia since the early 1990s through the translation of the works of non-Indonesian Muslim feminists such as Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer and Amina Wadud. Since 2010, the increasing use of internet among Indonesians has made the spread of Muslim feminist ideas faster. However, it is challenging that conservative groups also mobilized the internet to oppose Muslim feminist ideas. Another challenge is that not all Indonesian Muslims have easy access to the internet and therefore Indonesian Muslim feminists still have to adopt various offline media such as seminars or radio to spread their ideas. [Internet telah mengubah cara penyebaran pengetahuan. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan penyebaran ide-ide feminis Muslim di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan ide-ide feminis Muslim, bagaimana ide-ide feminis Muslim tersebar sebelum dan sesudah Era Digital dan tantangan serta kesempatan apa yang diberikan oleh internet yang menghalangi dan membantu penyebaran ide-ide ini. Feminis Muslim telah tersebar di Indonesia sejak awal tahun 1990-an melalui penerjemahan karya-karya Muslim feminis yang bukan dari Indonesia seperti Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer dan Amina Wadud. Sejak tahun 2010, meningkatnya penggunaan internet dikalangan orang Indonesia telah membuat penyebaran ide-ide Muslim feminis lebih cepat. Akan tetapi, terdapat tantangan yaitu bahwa kelompok konservatif pun menggunakan internet untuk menentang ide-ide feminis Muslim. Tantangan lainnya adalah bahwa tidak semua Muslim Indonesia memiliki akses yang mudah terhadap internet, oleh karena itu para feminis Muslim Indonesia masih juga harus menggunakan berbagai media di luar jaringan seperti seminar atau radio untuk menyebarkan ide-ide mereka.]

Metodologi Studi Islam Kontekstual dalam Menafsirkan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an tentang Kesetaraan Gender Nina Nurmila
ILMU USHULUDDIN Volume 7, Nomor 2, Juli 2020
Publisher : Himpunan Peminat Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin (HIPIUS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/iu.v7i2.17702

There have been many approaches in interpreting the Qur’an formulated by classical exegetes such as linguistic, logical, historical/traditional and mystical approaches. There are also four methods in interpreting the Qur’an: taḥlīlī (sequential), ijmālī (global), muqarin (comparative), and mawḍū’ī (thematic). This paper will explain postmodern ulama’s approaches, which are contextual, in interpreting the Qur’an: Fazlur Raḥmān’s double movement, Masdar F Mas`udi’s fundamental and instrumental verses; Shaḥrūr’s hudud, Nasaruddin Umar’s gender concept, and categorizations of verses into socio-theologist and theologist by Ashgar Ali Engineer, descriptive and prescriptive by Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd and informative and normative by Kiai Husein Muhammad. Within the existing approaches, this contextual approach is the addition to the existing four approaches. Within the existing methods in interpreting the Qur’an, these contextual postmodern approaches can be categorized into thematic method but with slightly different steps depending on the approach that one scholar adopted. These contextual approaches will be elaborated by applying them to interpret the Qur’anic verses on gender issues such as polygamy, inheritance and leadership in the family. The results of this interpretation can be used to challenge the existing male biased interpretations of the Qur’an which tend to subordinate women.

CHALLENGES TO THE ENACTMENT OF THE ELIMINATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE BILL Nina Nurmila
HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Juli - Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

Indonesia currently has only one criminal law, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), which was enacted and inherited from our colonial government. There has been an effort to amend this law but up until now the amendment of this law is not enacted yet. In this law, there are only two types of sexual violence which have legal protection: rape and sexual molestation (pencabulan), while in the current reality, based on the reported cases to partners of Komnas Perempuan from 2001-2011, there are 15 types of sexual violence; and the number of sexual violence cases has been increasing. As a result, it is difficult for victims of the 15 types of sexual violence to have legal protection. This shows the existing hole in the lex generalis KUHP, which needs to be filled in by lex specialis law which specifically addresses sexual violence. Based on the need for legal protection for victims of various types of sexual violence and to protect women’s human rights, Komnas Perempuan and her partners have drafted the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill since 2014. This Bill has become one of the priorities of the national legislation program since 2016, after the incidence of a gang rape to a school age child in Bengkulu. However, up until the end of September 2019, this Bill was not enacted yet. In addition, there has been currently opposition to this Bill from the conservative group, accusing that this Bill legalizes zina (extra marital sexual relationship) and LGBT. This paper aims at elaborating the background, aims, contents and challenges to the enactment of the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill. I will argue that this Bill offers both procedural and substantive justice for women and the marginalized groups, the majority victims of sexual violence.

Breaking Patriarchal Gender Stereotype. Being A Female Rector of the Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia/ISBI Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Nina Nurmila
Kawalu: Journal of Local Culture Vol 5 No 2 (2018): July - December 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Bantenologi UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

Abstract Patriarchy is a system that put adult men in the central or the most important position, while women and children are put in relation to the interest of the patriarch (adult men). The over generalised belief (stereotype) of women in patriarchal system is that women are subordinate to men and be housewife who serves her husband, does houseworks and looks after her children. This paper will elaborate the case study of a couple who break this patriarchal gender stereotype, in which the husband flexibly changes his role to adapt and support his wife‟s career as the Rector of ISBI. This case study shows that not all men are patriarchal and that education can be a powerful tool to break patriarchal gender relation both in private and public spheres.

ANALISIS STANDAR KOMPETENSI KELULUSAN DI SDN 231 SUKAASIH BANDUNG AI SURYATI; CHAERUL ROCHMAN; NINA NURMILA
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN GLASSER Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk

Standar nasional pendidikan merupakan sarana untuk menjamin mutu layanan pendidikan. Dalam memberikan layanan pendidikan pengelola sekolah berusaha memberikan standar minimal kepada peserta didik dalam mencapai prestasi belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ketercapaian standar nasional pendidikan dan sebesarapa besar kontribusi delapan standar nasional pendidikan terhadap pencapaian prestasi belajar siswa SMA. Metode penelitian adalah survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) dari delapan standar yang ada, standar yang masih rendah adalah standar sarana-prasarana, standar proses, standar kompetensi, dan standar tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan; 2) Delapan standar nasional pendidikan terhadap prestasi belajar (UN) tidak terlalu signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa keberhasilan prestasi belajar ditentukan oleh faktor lain baik internal maupun eksternal seperti motivasi, minat, latar belakang orang tua, dan lingkungan sekolah. Dari 8 standar tersebut, standar yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap UN adalah standar pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan (PTK). Simpulan dari penelitian ini: 1) empat standar yang masih rendah perolehan angka akreditasi yaitu standar sarana-prasarana, standar proses, standar kompetensi dan, standar tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan masih rendah; 2) kontribusi delapan standar masih relatif kecil dan perlu memperhatikan faktor lain di luar standar dalam perbaikan mutu prestasi belajar.

Pemahaman Guru Terhadap Standar Isi Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama Kota Bandung Umniyatul Azizah; Chairul Rahman; Ida Farida; Nina Nurmilasari
Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Islamic Education
Publisher : Pascasarjana Pendidikan Agama Islam Institut KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/tijie.v2i2.25

This study aims to explain a comparative analysis of the content standards among 5 PAI teachers (Teacher of Islamic Education) and 5 Non PAI teachers (Not the Teacher of Islamic Education), and to find out the legal basis for the content standards and then note on each indicator appears. The method used in this research is the descriptive quantitative method. The population of this research is Junior (Islamic) High School (SMP/MTS) in Bandung. The data collection techniques applied in this research are observation, questionnaire, documentation, and data analysis. Retrieval of data and observation which used is google form that was distributed to 5 PAI teachers and 5 Non-IRE (Islamic Religious Education) teachers. The result of collecting authentic data and data triangulation through interviews with teachers and through comparative data analysis between IRE and Non-IRE shows that from 5 points presented by the researcher, PAI is superior in 3 points, while Non-IRE is superior in 2 points.

CHALLENGES TO THE ENACTMENT OF THE ELIMINATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE BILL Nina Nurmila
HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies Vol 3, No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Indonesia currently has only one criminal law, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), which was enacted and inherited from our colonial government. There has been an effort to amend this law but up until now the amendment of this law is not enacted yet. In this law, there are only two types of sexual violence which have legal protection: rape and sexual molestation (pencabulan), while in the current reality, based on the reported cases to partners of Komnas Perempuan from 2001-2011, there are 15 types of sexual violence; and the number of sexual violence cases has been increasing. As a result, it is difficult for victims of the 15 types of sexual violence to have legal protection. This shows the existing hole in the lex generalis KUHP, which needs to be filled in by lex specialis law which specifically addresses sexual violence. Based on the need for legal protection for victims of various types of sexual violence and to protect women’s human rights, Komnas Perempuan and her partners have drafted the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill since 2014. This Bill has become one of the priorities of the national legislation program since 2016, after the incidence of a gang rape to a school age child in Bengkulu. However, up until the end of September 2019, this Bill was not enacted yet. In addition, there has been currently opposition to this Bill from the conservative group, accusing that this Bill legalizes zina (extra marital sexual relationship) and LGBT. This paper aims at elaborating the background, aims, contents and challenges to the enactment of the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill. I will argue that this Bill offers both procedural and substantive justice for women and the marginalized groups, the majority victims of sexual violence.

Analysis of Higher Order Thinking Skills on End of Year Assessment Questions for Islamic Education Subjects Shinta Sri Pillawaty; Nurhamzah Nurhamzah; Nina Nurmila
Jurnal al-Thullab Vol 7, No 2 (2022): Atthulab: Islamic Religion Teaching and Learning Journal
Publisher : Laboratory of Islamic Religious Education Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ath.v7i2.19164

The Higher Order Thinking Skills analysis on the final year assessment questions for the subject of Islamic Religious Education will illustrate the results of the comparison of questions that have the character of critical thinking and questions that do not have a stimulus for critical thinking. This research method uses a qualitative research method that is descriptive document analysis. This study aims to describe questions based on the level of thinking, namely grouping questions into the categories of Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS), Middle Order Thinking Skills (MOTS), and High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), and grouping questions based on the type of stimulus used as the basis for the questions. In obtaining data related to assessment questions, the results show that out of Year-End Assessment questions on Islamic Religious Education Subjects found 29% HOTS questions (Higher Order Thinking Skills), 31% about MOTS (Middle Order Thinking Skills) and 40% about LOTS (Lower Order Thinking Skills). In the form of HOTS questions, there is actual, factual, conceptual and procedural material stimulus. The types of stimulus contained in the problem are discourse, pictures and fragments of cases. The stimulus contained in the High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions is presented in the form of discourse. Analisis Higher Order Thinking Skills pada soal penilaian akhir tahun mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam ini akan menggambarkan hasil perbandingan soal yang memiliki karakter berpikir kritis dan soal yang tidak memiliki stimulus untuk berpikir kritis. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis dokumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan soal berdasarkan tingkat berpikir, yaitu mengelompokkan soal dengan kategori Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS), Middle Order Thinking Skills (MOTS), dan High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), serta mengelompokkan soal berdasarkan jenis stimulus yang digunakan sebagai dasar pertanyaan. Dalam memperoleh data yang terkait dengan soal menunjukkan hasil bahwa Penilaian Akhir Tahun pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam ditemukan 29% soal HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), 31% soal MOTS (Middle Order Thinking Skills) dan 40% soal LOTS (Lower Order Thinking Skills). Dalam bentuk soal HOTS memiliki stimulus materi yang aktual, faktual, konseptual dan prosedural. Jenis stimulus yang terdapat dalam soal yaitu wacana, gambar dan penggalan kasus. Stimulus yang terdapat dalam soal High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) disajikan dalam bentuk wacana.

THE CURRENT BATTLES BETWEEN PROGRESSIVE AND CONSERVATIVE MUSLIM WOMEN IN INDONESIA Nina Nurmila
AGENDA: Jurnal Analisis Gender dan Agama Vol 2, No 1 (2019): AGENDA: Jurnal Analisis Gender dan Agama
Publisher : State Institute of Islamic Studies Batusangkar

Perempuan Indonesia telah mampu mengatur diri mereka sejak pra-kemerdekaan. Mereka bersatu untuk meraih kemerdekaan, tetapi mereka juga terbagi berdasarkan agama dan masalah-masalah yang mereka perjuangkan. Dalam masalah poligami, organisasi-organisasi perempuan Kristen dan sekuler cenderung menentangnya, sementara perempuan Islam cenderung setuju menerima poligami sebagai bagian dari syariah Islam yang tidak dapat dilarang. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang perbedaan pendapat antara perempuan muslim progresif dan konservatif, terutama tentang masalah kekerasan seksual, pernikahan anak dan pernikahan poligami. Berbeda dari organisasi perempuan Muslim sebelumnya di tahun 1990-an, terdapat peningkatan jumlah perempuan muslim dengan latar belakang pesantren yang lebih berpendidikan dan kritis terhadap interpretasi Alquran yang bias laki-laki. Mereka menentang kekerasan seksual, pernikahan anak dan pernikahan poligami. Namun, ada juga peningkatan jumlah perempuan berpendidikan dengan latar belakang ilmu sekuler dan ilmu sains murni yang cenderung membaca Al-Qur'an secara harfiah dan tidak setuju terhadap diberlakukannya RUU Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual, mempromosikan pernikahan anak dan pernikahan poligami. Pernikahan poligami dapat disebarluaskan lebih baik di kalangan orang Indonesia dengan menggunakan social media dan fasilitas internet lainnya

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