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Survei tingkat konsumsi ikan laut di Kalimantan Timur Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga; Anugrah Aditya Budiarsa
Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/jikk.v5i2.5599

Pemetaan dan analisis tingkat kerusakan hutan mangrove di Taman Nasional Kutai berdasarkan data satelit landsat ETM dan kerapatan vegetasi: Mapping and deforestation level of mangrove forest in Kutai National Park base on data satelite image of landsat ETM and vegetation density Anugrah Aditya Budiarsa; Samsul Rizal
Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis Nusantara (Nusantara Tropical Fisheries Science Journal) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Ilmu Perikanan Tropis Nusantara
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jipt.v1i2.434

Along with the increase in population in the Kutai National Park (Kutai NP) has raised the land issue of due to the need for living space and the exploitation of natural resources. This study is part of an effort to evaluate the condition of mangrove forests as a first step effort to protect mangrove forests as critical habitat for coastal Kutai NP. The research was conducted in March to April 2012, with the goal of evaluating and measuring vegetation cover and land use (Land use) mangrove forests in coastal Kutai NP. For this purpose, the data is used Landsat ETM + image with 7 bands that recorded in 2008. Process analysis using NDVI (Normalizet Difference Vegetation Index) composite channel by IR (bands 4 and 3), while the extent of the damage was analyzed using standard from Decree of Ministry of environment No. 201, 2004. Base on the research, Kutai National Park has the potential of ± 5192.54 ha of mangroves, mangrove forest ecological conditions in Kutai NP generally be in the grade is still good with vegetation density ranging between 967-1567 ind / ha, Kutai NP In some areas such as the Estuary Sangatta, bay and estuary Sangkima Lombok are areas that have experienced enough land conversion, overall mangrove forest that has been opened by ± 1845.85 ha or 26.2%. Mangrove forests are located close to residential vulnerable to land-use changes.

Distribusi mikroplastik pada sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Intan Sari Dewi; Anugrah Aditya Budiarsa; Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga
Depik Vol 4, No 3 (2015): DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Abstract. The distribution of microplastic was studied in the Muara Badak districts Kutai Kartanegara regency in May 2015. Sediment samples were taken from four stations that represent residential, in mangrove, near the beach and away from residential areas. Sediment samples were taken using the pipe at a depth of 0-10 cm - 10-20 cm, then the observed and calculated abundance of microplastic. The results showed that the type microplastic found is a fragment, film and fiber. At Station 1 found fragments about 100.2-201.3 particle/kg, the film about 69.6-79.9 particles/kg and fiber about 43.1-50.9 particles/kg, the stations 2 found of fragments about 146.5-238.8 particle/kg, the film about 53.2-81.9 particles/kg and fiber about 48.8-75.5 particles/kg, stations 3 found of fragments about 204.2-207.9 particles/kg, the film about 107.7-126.5 particle/kg and fiber about 26.1-39.9 particles/kg, station 4 found of fragments about 167.6-220 particle/kg, the film about 59.7-69.5 particle/ kg and fiber about 47.5-55.3 particles/kg. Keywords: Depth; Microplastic; Muara Badak; Sediment Abstrak. Distribusi mikroplastik diteliti di Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara pada bulan Mei 2015. Sampel sedimen diambil dari 4 stasiun yang mewakili pemukiman penduduk, dekat sungai, dekat pantai dan jauh dari pemukiman penduduk. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan pipa paralon pada kedalaman 0-10 cm – 10-20 cm, kemudian diamati dan dihitung kelimpahan mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah fragmen, film dan fiber. Pada stasiun 1 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 100,2-201,3 partikel/kg, film berkisar 69,6-79,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 43,1-50,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 2 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 146,5-238,8 partikel/kg, film berkisar 53,2-81,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 48,8-75,2 partikel/kg, stasiun 3 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 204,2-207,9 partikel/kg, film berkisar 107,7-126,5 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 26,1-39,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 4 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 167,6-220 partikel/kg, film berkisar 59,7-69,5partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 47,5-55,3 partikel/kg.Kata kunci: Kedalaman; Mikroplastik; Muara Badak; Sedimen

Distribusi mikroplastik pada sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Intan Sari Dewi; Anugrah Aditya Budiarsa; Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga
Depik Vol 4, No 3 (2015): DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.4.3.2888

Abstract. The distribution of microplastic was studied in the Muara Badak districts Kutai Kartanegara regency in May 2015. Sediment samples were taken from four stations that represent residential, in mangrove, near the beach and away from residential areas. Sediment samples were taken using the pipe at a depth of 0-10 cm - 10-20 cm, then the observed and calculated abundance of microplastic. The results showed that the type microplastic found is a fragment, film and fiber. At Station 1 found fragments about 100.2-201.3 particle/kg, the film about 69.6-79.9 particles/kg and fiber about 43.1-50.9 particles/kg, the stations 2 found of fragments about 146.5-238.8 particle/kg, the film about 53.2-81.9 particles/kg and fiber about 48.8-75.5 particles/kg, stations 3 found of fragments about 204.2-207.9 particles/kg, the film about 107.7-126.5 particle/kg and fiber about 26.1-39.9 particles/kg, station 4 found of fragments about 167.6-220 particle/kg, the film about 59.7-69.5 particle/ kg and fiber about 47.5-55.3 particles/kg. Keywords: Depth; Microplastic; Muara Badak; Sediment Abstrak. Distribusi mikroplastik diteliti di Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara pada bulan Mei 2015. Sampel sedimen diambil dari 4 stasiun yang mewakili pemukiman penduduk, dekat sungai, dekat pantai dan jauh dari pemukiman penduduk. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan pipa paralon pada kedalaman 0-10 cm – 10-20 cm, kemudian diamati dan dihitung kelimpahan mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah fragmen, film dan fiber. Pada stasiun 1 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 100,2-201,3 partikel/kg, film berkisar 69,6-79,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 43,1-50,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 2 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 146,5-238,8 partikel/kg, film berkisar 53,2-81,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 48,8-75,2 partikel/kg, stasiun 3 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 204,2-207,9 partikel/kg, film berkisar 107,7-126,5 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 26,1-39,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 4 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 167,6-220 partikel/kg, film berkisar 59,7-69,5partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 47,5-55,3 partikel/kg.Kata kunci: Kedalaman; Mikroplastik; Muara Badak; Sedimen

Distribusi mikroplastik pada sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Intan Sari Dewi; Anugrah Aditya Budiarsa; Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga
Depik Vol 4, No 3 (2015): DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.4.3.2888

Abstract. The distribution of microplastic was studied in the Muara Badak districts Kutai Kartanegara regency in May 2015. Sediment samples were taken from four stations that represent residential, in mangrove, near the beach and away from residential areas. Sediment samples were taken using the pipe at a depth of 0-10 cm - 10-20 cm, then the observed and calculated abundance of microplastic. The results showed that the type microplastic found is a fragment, film and fiber. At Station 1 found fragments about 100.2-201.3 particle/kg, the film about 69.6-79.9 particles/kg and fiber about 43.1-50.9 particles/kg, the stations 2 found of fragments about 146.5-238.8 particle/kg, the film about 53.2-81.9 particles/kg and fiber about 48.8-75.5 particles/kg, stations 3 found of fragments about 204.2-207.9 particles/kg, the film about 107.7-126.5 particle/kg and fiber about 26.1-39.9 particles/kg, station 4 found of fragments about 167.6-220 particle/kg, the film about 59.7-69.5 particle/ kg and fiber about 47.5-55.3 particles/kg. Keywords: Depth; Microplastic; Muara Badak; Sediment Abstrak. Distribusi mikroplastik diteliti di Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara pada bulan Mei 2015. Sampel sedimen diambil dari 4 stasiun yang mewakili pemukiman penduduk, dekat sungai, dekat pantai dan jauh dari pemukiman penduduk. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan pipa paralon pada kedalaman 0-10 cm – 10-20 cm, kemudian diamati dan dihitung kelimpahan mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah fragmen, film dan fiber. Pada stasiun 1 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 100,2-201,3 partikel/kg, film berkisar 69,6-79,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 43,1-50,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 2 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 146,5-238,8 partikel/kg, film berkisar 53,2-81,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 48,8-75,2 partikel/kg, stasiun 3 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 204,2-207,9 partikel/kg, film berkisar 107,7-126,5 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 26,1-39,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 4 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 167,6-220 partikel/kg, film berkisar 59,7-69,5partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 47,5-55,3 partikel/kg.Kata kunci: Kedalaman; Mikroplastik; Muara Badak; Sedimen

Analisis Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Ikan Gabus (Channa striata B.) dan Ikan Baung (Mystus nemurus CV) di Samarinda Septiana, Renny; Jailani; Purwati, Sri; Aditya Budiarsa, Anugrah
Environmental Pollution Journal Vol. 1 No. 2: July 2021
Publisher : ECOTON: Ecological Observation and Wetlands Conservation

Mikroplastik merupakan partikel berbahaya yang dapat masuk ke dalam sistem rantai makanan sehingga dapat berdampak pada kesehatan baik bagi biota air maupun mamalia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan mikroplastik pada ikan gabus (Channa striata B) dan ikan baung (Mystus nemurus CV) di Samarinda. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Sampel ikan Gabus diambil dari 5 pasar, Sungai Mahakam, dan Waduk Benanga. Sampel ikan baung (Mystus nemurus C.V) diambil di Pasar Ijabah dan daerah aliran Sungai Mahakam. Analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Kualitas Air Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Pengumpulan data dengan melarutkan sampel pada NaCl jenuh kemudian diamati dengan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat jenis fiber, fragmen, monofilamen dengan ukuran 20-350 µm dan didominasi ukuran <150 μm pada sampel ikan. Jika termakan oleh manusia atau mamalia dapat terjadi penyerapan ≤0,3% pada limpa namun masih dapat ditoleransi. Maka perlu tindak lanjut penelitian terkait kadar maksimal terjadinya akumulasi mikroplastik pada manusia.

Monitoring dan Evaluasi Kegiatan Penanaman Mangrove (Kasus: Desa Sebuntal, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara) Rafiâ€™i, Ahmad; Ritonga, Irwan Ramadhan; Budiarsa, Anugrah Aditya; Eryati, Ristiana; Novia, Rani; Ahmad, Ahmad; Firman, Firman; Silviana, Silviana; Main, Aminullah Aminul; Akbar, Rizali; Saputra, Dharma; Soenarih, Asih; Tobing, Binto Iskandar Hasibuan; Apriliyani, Vivi; Aprilia, Dita
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah Vol 12, No 2 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jtllb.v12i2.75151

Damage to mangrove ecosystems in coastal areas could result in biotic and abiotic physical changes. This damage might occur due to natural factors or human activities. Among the damaged mangrove ecosystems in East Kalimantan Province is Sebuntal Village. The aim of this research is to monitor and evaluate the survival rate of mangrove seedlings in Sebuntal village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The research population used in this research was all mangrove seedlings (Avicennia spp) planted during community service activities on August 9th, 2023. The research method used in this study was the survey method. It was found that the survival rate in this study was only 8.2%. This research showed that individual mangroves' survival rates were unsuccessful due to inappropriate planting times, hydro-oceanographic patterns that are poorly studied, and poor seed preparation.

Bentuk Kepedulian Lingkungan dengan Penanaman Bibit Mangrove di Pantai Desa Sebuntal Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Rafi’i, Ahmad; Budiarsa , Anugrah Aditya; Ritonga, Irwan Ramadhan; Eryati, Ristiana; Novia, Rani; Ahmad, Ahmad; Firman, Firman; Silviana, Silviana; Main, Aminullah Aminul; Akbar, Rizali; Apriliyani, Vivi; Aprilia, Dita; Saputra, Dharma; Soenarih, Asih; Tobing, Binto Iskandar Hasibuan
Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol 9 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30653/jppm.v9i2.775

Kondisi mangrove di wilayah Marang Kayu, khususnya Desa Sebuntal telah abrasi akibat faktor alam dan manusia. Akibatnya, fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi mangrove di wilayah pesisir Desa Sebuntal menjadi menurun. Salah satu usaha untuk mempertahankan ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pantai Sebuntal adalah dengan melakukan penaman bibit mangrove. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatan kesadaran dan peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat tentang fungsi ekosistem mangrove di ekosistem pesisir Desa Sebuntal. Kegiatan penanaman bibit mangrove dilakukan pada hari Rabu, 9 Agustus 2023 di Desa Sebuntal, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Metode yang dilakukan pada kegiatan ini adalah metode ceramah. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan demostrasi penanaman bibit mangrove di lokasi penanaman. Hasil kegiatan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah tertanamnya 1000 bibit mangrove jenis Avicennia sp. oleh beberapa instansi pemerintahan, tokoh masyarakat, dan juga akademisi dari Universitas Mulawarman di wilayah di pantai desa Sebuntal. Lebih lanjut, hasil dari kegiatan ini juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman, pengetahuan, dan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir. Beberapa evaluasi sangat perlu dilakukan untuk mendukung keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini, seperti monitoring tingkat kelangsungan hidup (survival rate) dan tingkat pertumbuhan bibit mangrove yang masih hidup. Selain itu, proses pendampingan masyarakat di desa Sebuntal diperlukan untuk memelihara dan menjaga bibit mangrove. The condition of mangroves in the Marang Kayu region, especially Sebuntal Village, has been abrasion due to natural factors and human activities. As a result, the ecological and economic functions of mangroves in the coastal area of Sebuntal Village have been decreased. One of the efforts to maintain the mangrove ecosystem in the Sebuntal coastal area is by planting mangrove seedlings. The purpose of this activity is to increase awareness and increase public understanding of the function of mangrove ecosystems in the coastal ecosystem of Sebuntal Village. Mangrove seedling planting activities were carried out on Wednesday, 9 August 2023 in Sebuntal Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The method used in this community service activity was the lecture method. Then followed by demonstration activities of planting mangrove seedlings at the planting site. The result of this community service activity was the planting of 1000 mangrove seedlings of Avicennia sp. by several government agencies, community leaders and also academics from Mulawarman University in the area on the beach of Sebuntal village. Furthermore, the results of this activity also showed an increase in understanding, knowledge and awareness of the community about the importance of mangrove ecosystems in coastal areas. Several evaluations are needed to support the success of this activity, such as monitoring the survival rate and growth rate of mangrove seedlings. In addition, the process of community assistance in Sebuntal village is needed to maintain and protect the mangrove seedlings.

Pengenalan dan Pelatihan Pengambilan Foto Udara Menggunakan Drone DJI Matrice 350 RTK Ritonga, Irwan Ramadhan; Budiarsa, Anugrah Aditya; Hamdhani, Hamdhani; Khoirunnisa, Nanda
Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol 10 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30653/jppm.v10i1.1131

Drone merupakan instrumen penerbangan tanpa awak yang digunakan manusia untuk kegiatan survei lingkungan seperti pertanian, pesisir dan laut, dan mitigasi bencana. Salah satu jenis drone yang memiliki terobosan terbaru untuk survei lingkungan adalah drone DJI Matrice 350 RTK. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan dan melatih pengambilan foto udara dengan menggunakan drone DJI M350 RTK. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Integrated Laboratory (I-Lab) Universitas Mulawarman pada tanggal 22 Agustus 2024. Peserta kegiatan ini berasal dari latar belakang yang berbeda, seperti akademisi, mahasiswa dan masyarakat yang berprofesi sebagai wiraswasta. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan seperti pembukaan, presentasi, diskusi, praktek terbang, pengambilan foto udara, penggabungan gambar, dan evaluasi kegiatan. Tingkat keberhasilan kegiatan ini diukur dengan melakukan pre-test dan post-test pada setiap peserta. Kegiatan pengenalan dan pelatihan pengambilan foto udara dikegiatan ini belangsung dengan baik dan lancar. Sekitar 90,3% para peserta berhasil mengikuti kegiatan ini terutama dalam mengoperasikan drone dan mengolah data hasil pengambilan foto udara. Sebagian besar peserta sangat puas (81,0%) dengan dilakukannya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini. Drones are unmanned flight instruments used by humans for environmental survey activities such as agriculture, coastal and marine, and disaster mitigation. One type of drone that has the latest breakthrough for environmental surveys is the DJI Matrice 350 RTK drone. The objectives of this community service activity are to introduce and train aerial photography using the DJI Matrice 350 RTK drone. This activity was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory (I-Lab) of Mulawarman University on 22 August 2024. The participants of this activity came from different backgrounds, such as academics, students and people who work as entrepreneurs. The activity was carried out with several stages such as opening, presentation, discussion, practice flying, taking aerial photos, merging images, and evaluating activities. The success rate of this activity was measured by conducting a pre-test and post-test on each participant. The introduction and training of aerial photography in this activity went well and smoothly. Approximately 90.3% of the participants successfully participated in this activity, especially using drones and processing data from aerial photography. The majority of participants were very satisfied (81.0%) with this community service activity.

PENANAMAN BIBIT BAKAU DI KAWASAN WISATA MANGROVE TELOK BANGKO, KOTA BONTANG Ritonga, Irwan Ramadhan; Eryati, Ristiana; Paputungan, Mohammad Sumiran; Suyatna, Iwan; Kusumaningrum, Widya; Adnan, Adnan; Nurfadilah, Nurfadilah; Suryana, Irma; Budiarsa, Anugrah Aditya; Bulan, Dewi Embong
Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 8, No 3 (2025): Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kumawula.v8i3.61250

Mangrove (bakau) is one of the coastal plants that might function socially, ecologically and economically. One of the coastal areas of East Kalimantan that has experienced damage due to human activities is in Bontang City, specifically Telok Bangko. Therefore, planting bakau seedlings is one of the efforts to maintain the bakau ecosystem in the coastal areas of Bontang City. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge and understanding of the importance of mangrove in coastal areas by planting mangrove seedlings. This community service activity was carried out on September 29, 2024 in the Telok Bangko mangrove tourism area, Bontang City. The method used in this activity was lecture and followed by direct practice in the field. The results of this activity were 500 mangrove seedlings (Rizophora mucronata) were planted at the location of the activity by students and academics of Mulawarman University. The results of this activity could increase knowledge and understanding for each participant in determining the right planting location, type, how to plant mangroves and evaluate activities. This activity is also expected to benefit the community both economically and ecologically in the Telok Bangko mangrove area. The process of evaluating activities must be carried out to support the success of this activity, such as maintenance, periodic data collection (monitoring) of mangrove seedlings (% survival rate) that have been planted by participants.Mangrove (bakau) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan pesisir yang dapat berfungsi secara sosial, ekologi dan ekonomi. Salah satu kawasan pesisir Kalimantan Timur yang telah mengalami kerusakan akibat aktivitas manusia terdapat di Kota Bontang, khususnya Telok Bangko. Karenanya, menanam bibit bakau merupakan salah satu usaha untuk mempertahankan ekosistem bakau di wilayah pesisir kota Bontang. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pentingnya bakau di wilayah pesisir dengan cara menanam bibit bakau. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan pada tanggal 29 September 2024 di kawasan wisata mangrove Telok Bangko, Kota Bontang. Metode ceramah dan praktek langsung merupakan metode yang dilakukan di kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini. Hasil kegiatan yang didapatkan dari kegiatan ini adalah bibit bakau (Rizophora mucronata) telah ditanam sebanyak 500 bibit di lokasi kegiatan oleh para siswa dan akademisi Universitas Mulawarman. Hasil kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada setiap peserta dalam penentuan lokasi penanaman, jenis, cara menanam bakau dan evaluasi kegiatan secara tepat. Kegiatan ini juga diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat baik secara ekonomi dan ekologi di kawasan mangrove Telok Bangko. Proses evaluasi kegiatan harus dilakukan untuk mendukung keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini, seperti pemeliharaan, pendataan berkala (monitoring) bibit bakau yang hidup (% survival rate) yang telah ditanam oleh peserta kegiatan.

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