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Kekuatan Tekan Sejajar Serat dan Tegak Lurus Serat Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Suryoatmono, Bambang
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 21, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstrak. Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) termasuk salah satu kayu dengan kekuatan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kekuatan tekan sejajar serat dan tegak lurus serat kayu Ulin dengan pengujian eksperimental. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kekuatan tekan sejajar serat pada beban proporsional sebesar 50,53 MPa (deviasi standar 11,35 MPa dan koefisien variasi 22,47%), kekuatan tekan sejajar serat pada beban ultimit 55,64 MPa (deviasi standar 11,17 MPa dan koefisien variasi 20,07%), kekuatan tekan tegak lurus serat pada beban proporsional sebesar 20,26 MPa (deviasi standar 2,10 MPa dan koefisien variasi 10,31%), dan kekuatan tekan tegak lurus serat pada beban ultimit 29,74 MPa (deviasi standar 4,62 MPa dan koefisien variasi 15,52%). Modulus elastisitas tekan sejajar serat yang diperoleh sebesar 10155,05 MPa, dan modulus plastisitas tekan sejajar serat sebesar 1317,83 MPa. Modulus Elastisitas tekan sejajar serat yang diperoleh sebesar 1381,84 MPa, danÂ modulus plastisitas tekan tegak lurus serat sebesar 195,77 MPa. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan ilmiah untuk basis data sifat mekanika kayu Indonesia dan khususnya untuk perencanaan komponen struktur tekan dan lentur.Abstract. Ulin (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) is one of wood species with high strength. This study aims to obtain the compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain carry by experimental tests. The result obtained are the compressive strength parallel to the grain at proportional load 50.53 MPa (standard deviation 11.35 and coefficient of variation 22,47%), the compressive strength parallel to the grain at ultimate load 55.64 MPa (standard deviation 11.17 and cov 20,07%), the compressive strength perpendicular to the grain at proportional load 20.36 MPa (standard deviation 2.10 MPa and cov 10,31%), and the compressive strength perpendicular to the grain at ultimate load 29.74 MPa (standard deviation 4.62 MPa and cov 15,52%). Modulus of elasticity compression parallelÂ to the grain obtained from this research is 10155.05 MPa, and modulus of plasticity compression parallel to the grain 1317,83 MPa. Modulus of elasticity compression perpendicular to the grain is 1381,84 MPa, and modulus of plasticity compression perpendicular to the grain is 195,77 MPa. The result is expected to contribute to general scientific databases mechanical properties of wood in Indonesia and particularly in the design of the compressive and flexural structural components.

Rasio Modulus Penampang Elastik Balok Kayu Laminasi-Baut Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Suryoatmono, Bambang; Tjondro, Johannes Adhijoso
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstrak. Balok laminasi dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti kayu utuh, karena memberikan keuntungan yaitu dapat difabrikasi dengan bentang sesuai kebutuhan dan membuat penampang kayu yang lebih besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan persamaan empiris rasio modulus penampang elastik balok kayu laminasi-baut. Rasio modulus penampang elastik yaitu rasio antara modulus penampang elastik balok laminasi terhadap balok utuh. Ruang lingkup penelitian yaitu sistem laminasi secara horisontal, kayu Indonesia dengan berat jenis berkisar 0,4-0,8 yaitu meranti merah (shorea spp), keruing (dipterocarpus spp), dan akasia mangium, penampang balok prismatis, penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium dan numerikal metode elemen hingga nonlinier. Parameter yang dibahas adalah jenis kayu, ukuran baut, jumlah baris baut, dan jarak baut. Balok mempunyai bentang 3 meter dan disusun oleh 4 lamina. Model tegangan-regangan kayu untuk simulasi numerikal berdasarkan kriteria plastisitas Hill, model tegangan-regangan baut menggunakan model elastoplastik. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu tren kurva hubungan beban-lendutan balok kayu laminasi-baut adalah berbentuk bilinier, persamaan empiris rasio modulus penampang elastik merupakan fungsi dari jenis kayu, diameter baut, dan rasio jumlah baris terhadap jarak baut. Rasio modulus penampang elastik dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kuat lentur balok laminasi pada beban batas proporsional. Abstract. Laminated beam can be an alternative for solid timber, because it provides the advantage that it can be fabricated with a needed-span and a bigger cross section. The purpose of this research is to obtain an empirical equation of the bolt-laminated timber beam elastic section modulus ratio. Elastic section modulus ratio is elastic section modulus ratio between laminated and solid beams. Scope of this research are horizontally laminated system, Indonesian timber with specific grafity ranged 0.4-0.8 which are red meranti (shorea spp), keruing (dipterocarpus spp), and acacia mangium, prismatic beam section, experimental test in laboratorium and numerical simulation using nonlinear finite element method. The parameters discussed are timber type, bolt diameter, number of row, and spacing. Beam has a 3-meter span and arranged by 4 laminae. Timber stress-strain model for numerical simulation based on Hill plasticity, bolt stress-strain model is elasto-plastic. Results obtained are beam load-displacement curve trend is bilinear, the elastic section modulus ratio equation are the fuction of timber type, bolt diameter, and number of row against bolt spacing ratio. The elastic section modulus ratio can be used to predict the bending strength at the proportional limit.

Evaluasi Level Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Kayu Bertingkat Rendah Akibat Beban Gelombang Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Suroso, Fadlillah Ariani; Herbudiman, Bernardinus
BENTANG : Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil Vol 9 No 1 (2021): BENTANG Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil
Publisher : Universitas Islam 45

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/bentang.v9i1.2197

Several coastal areas in Indonesia are at risk of moderate to high tsunami disasters, this is related to the condition that Indonesia is located in an earthquake high risk area. At this time there are many buildings located on the coast with a low-rise stilt house system with the main structural system, namely beams and columns using timber materials. The building structure design includes the performance evaluation process, namely strength, stiffness and structural stability. The purpose of this research is to study the evaluation behavior of performance levels, especially the strength and stiffness of low-rise timber buildings, namely the level of structural performance due to gravity and lateral loads, namely sea waves. The research scope is a three-story building with a beam and column frame structure system. Columns are circular and beams have a square cross section. The loads taken into account are gravity and lateral. The strengths discussed are the bending capacity of the beam and the compressive capacity of the column. In order to obtain building behavior that is closer to real conditions, especially in beam-column joints, secondary data is used, namely empirical data on the envelope load-deformation curve of the beam-column joint test results in the laboratory (modeled as link property). Evaluation of structural performance begins with structural analysis using SAP2000 software, to obtain internal forces and building drift. The results show that the use of link properties in beam-column joint joints in the timber building structures shows greater deformation results compared to rigid joint models, this indicates that modeling the structure with beam-column joint joints modeled as link property has an impact on building stiffness. Lower and represents the condition of a timber building with beam-column joint characteristics closer to the actual condition. The existence of a hole size in the column (to insert the beam) which is larger than the cross-sectional size of the beam results in the rotation of the joint not being zero and a slip occurs when the joint works to transmit internal forces.

INVESTIGASI DAN MITIGASI STRUKTUR BANGUNAN SEKOLAH AKIBAT GEMPA BUMI CIANJUR Kristianto, Anang; Wiyono, Daud R; Setiawan, Deni; Suhendra, Andrias; Pranata, Yosafat Aji
Servirisma Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Servirisma : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21460/servirisma.2023.32.56

Earthquakes are unexpected natural disasters that can cause severe damage to buildings, especially those not compliant with standards. The construction of educational facilities, in this case, school buildings in Indonesian territory located in earthquake-prone areas, needs special attention. The Cianjur earthquake that occurred in 2022 resulted in damage to several school buildings in the affected area. The Community Service activities in this article investigate 9 Junior High School buildings and 5 Elementary School buildings in the Cianjur Regency area that experienced minor to severe damage that must be immediately repaired or strengthened. Community service in cooperation with the Cianjur regional government's educational institutions and school personnel impacted by the earthquake. The results of the visual investigation of the school building show damage from moderate to severe levels and require immediate action, considering that Cianjur has a high earthquake risk. Repairs and strengthening can be carried out according to the damage level, starting from adding new columns for beams that experience excessive deflection due to dimensions that do not meet the requirements or adding reinforcement using FRP. Columns with dimensions that do not meet the requirements, dimensions can be added even if there is no significant damage visually during the investigation.

Study of the Effect of Grain Angle on the Compressive Strength of Red Meranti Timber (Shorea spp.) Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Kristianto, Anang; Novi, Novi
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.1.1-7

The compressive strength of timber is the main parameter in designing truss system, for instance timber bridges, building roof, or column in buildings. In term of design of compression structural components according to the SNI 7973:2013, the corrected compression design value is a calculation of compressive strength parameters and correction factors, for example, wet service factors, temperature factors, column stability factors, and others. Timber as an orthotropic material has three main directions, therefore the angle of the timber grain has an influence on compressive strength. This research aims to study the effect of timber grain’s angle on the compressive strength of Red Meranti wood (Shorea spp.) and develop an empirical equation to calculate the compressive strength of timber with the influence of the wood grain’s angle. The test specimens were made based on the primary method reference for compression test namely 50mm x 50mm x 200mm (parallel to the grain type), according to ASTM D143-22 for test specimens with variations in fiber direction, namely 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°. Meanwhile, test objects with variations in fiber direction, namely 60°, 70°, 80° and 90°, were made the sizes of 50mm x 50mm x 150mm (perpendicular to the grain type). Testings were carried out using a Universal Testing Machine with test speed according to ASTM D143-22. All test objects were made in dry conditions (moisture content ranging from 14% to 16%). The conclusion obtained from this research are an empirical equation for calculating the compressive strength of Red Meranti timber with a predictor is the timber grain’s angle, which are FCY = 14.01 – 0.119θ + 0.000042θ2 (in term of yield of proportional point) and FCU = 29.82 – 0.417θ + 0.0018θ2 (in term of peak or ultimate point). This equation provides benefits for academics and practitioners, especially in designing compression structural components especially with compression value as the main parameter.

Modulus Penampang Elastik Balok Kayu Jabon Glulam Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Kristianto, Anang; Darmawan, Aan
Jurnal Permukiman Vol 15 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Direktorat Bina Teknik Bangunan Gedung dan Penyehatan Lingkungan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31815/jp.2020.15.34-42

Modulus penampang elastik balok merupakan salah satu parameter yang berkaitan dengan kekuatan dan kekakuan balok, secara khusus berhubungan dengan momen inersia penampang. Modulus penampang elastik balok kayu utuh (solid) tidak sama dengan balok kayu laminasi untuk studi kasus balok dengan ukuran penampang sama, hal ini dikarenakan momen inersia penampang balok laminasi perhitungannya berbeda dengan balok utuh akibat adanya slip antar lamina pada saat beban bekerja serta besarnya modulus elastisitas yang tidak sama pada setiap lamina, sehingga perilaku lentur balok menjadi satu kesatuan dalam kaitannya dengan kekuatan balok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari modulus penampang elastik balok kayu laminasi lem (glulam). Ruang lingkup penelitian yaitu benda uji balok terbuat dari kayu Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) ukuran penampang 60x160 mm, jumlah lamina 4 (empat), sistem laminasi menggunakan lem super adhesive, pengujian lentur menggunakan metode four-point loading test, perilaku lentur yang ditinjau adalah kekuatan lentur, modulus penampang elastik, dan rasio daktilitas balok. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa modulus penampang elastik dan tegangan lentur balok kayu laminasi lem lebih rendah dibandingkan balok kayu utuh dengan rasio sebesar 0,54, serta rasio daktilitas balok kayu laminasi diperoleh sebesar 1,28 sehingga termasuk dalam kriteria daktilitas terbatas. Hasil pengujian mengindikasikan bahwa kegagalan balok kayu laminasi lem adalah berupa kegagalan lentur. Parameter modulus penampang elastik balok kayu laminasi berguna untuk desain komponen struktur balok pada bangunan khususnya pada perhitungan kekuatan balok dan kekakuan balok sebagai persyaratan serviceability.

Study of the Effect of Grain Angle on the Compressive Strength of Red Meranti Timber (Shorea spp.) Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Kristianto, Anang; Novi, Novi
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.1.1-7

The compressive strength of timber is the main parameter in designing truss system, for instance timber bridges, building roof, or column in buildings. In term of design of compression structural components according to the SNI 7973:2013, the corrected compression design value is a calculation of compressive strength parameters and correction factors, for example, wet service factors, temperature factors, column stability factors, and others. Timber as an orthotropic material has three main directions, therefore the angle of the timber grain has an influence on compressive strength. This research aims to study the effect of timber grain’s angle on the compressive strength of Red Meranti wood (Shorea spp.) and develop an empirical equation to calculate the compressive strength of timber with the influence of the wood grain’s angle. The test specimens were made based on the primary method reference for compression test namely 50mm x 50mm x 200mm (parallel to the grain type), according to ASTM D143-22 for test specimens with variations in fiber direction, namely 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°. Meanwhile, test objects with variations in fiber direction, namely 60°, 70°, 80° and 90°, were made the sizes of 50mm x 50mm x 150mm (perpendicular to the grain type). Testings were carried out using a Universal Testing Machine with test speed according to ASTM D143-22. All test objects were made in dry conditions (moisture content ranging from 14% to 16%). The conclusion obtained from this research are an empirical equation for calculating the compressive strength of Red Meranti timber with a predictor is the timber grain’s angle, which are FCY = 14.01 – 0.119θ + 0.000042θ2 (in term of yield of proportional point) and FCU = 29.82 – 0.417θ + 0.0018θ2 (in term of peak or ultimate point). This equation provides benefits for academics and practitioners, especially in designing compression structural components especially with compression value as the main parameter.

Comparative Study of Flexural Behavior of Bolted-Laminated and Glue-Laminated Sengon Timber Beams (Albizia falcataria) Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Kristianto, Anang; Novi, Novi
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.2.43-48

This study aimed to study the flexural behavior of bolt-laminated and glue-laminated sengon (Albizia falcataria) timber beams, which are flexural strength, modulus of rupture (MoR), and beam ductility. The study was conducted using an experimental testing method in the laboratory with reference to the ASTM D198. The number of test objects were three consecutively for bolt-laminated beams and glue-laminated beams. Results obtained from this study indicated that the flexural strength of bolt-laminated and glue-laminated sengon timber beams was not significantly different; the flexural strength of bolt-laminated beams were 3.1% higher compared to glue-laminated beams. The MoR and ductility of bolt-laminated beams were 8.4% and 14.2% higher compared to glue-laminated beams. These results indicate that the glue has an impact to the brittle behavior or limited ductility, while the bolts have an impact to make a more ductile beams. The general conclusion is that mechanical laminated timber technology can be an alternative to producing beams with larger cross-sectional sizes compared to solid timber, especially for low-grade wood, so that it can be used as part of the structural elements of buildings.

Comparative Study of Flexural Behavior of Bolted-Laminated and Glue-Laminated Sengon Timber Beams (Albizia falcataria) Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Kristianto, Anang; Novi, Novi
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.2.43-48

This study aimed to study the flexural behavior of bolt-laminated and glue-laminated sengon (Albizia falcataria) timber beams, which are flexural strength, modulus of rupture (MoR), and beam ductility. The study was conducted using an experimental testing method in the laboratory with reference to the ASTM D198. The number of test objects were three consecutively for bolt-laminated beams and glue-laminated beams. Results obtained from this study indicated that the flexural strength of bolt-laminated and glue-laminated sengon timber beams was not significantly different; the flexural strength of bolt-laminated beams were 3.1% higher compared to glue-laminated beams. The MoR and ductility of bolt-laminated beams were 8.4% and 14.2% higher compared to glue-laminated beams. These results indicate that the glue has an impact to the brittle behavior or limited ductility, while the bolts have an impact to make a more ductile beams. The general conclusion is that mechanical laminated timber technology can be an alternative to producing beams with larger cross-sectional sizes compared to solid timber, especially for low-grade wood, so that it can be used as part of the structural elements of buildings.

Model Kurva Bilinier Tegangan-Regangan Lentur, Tekan Sejajar Serat, dan Tekan Tegaklurus Serat Kayu Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) Pranata, Yosafat Aji; Frisda, Tani; Novi, Novi; Hagiyanto, Sofhie Angela
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 11, No 1: Maret 2025
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v11i1.11

ABSTRAKKayu Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) dari Nias banyak dipergunakan sebagai bahan baku kayu untuk membuat bangunan kayu dengan fungsi untuk tempat tinggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan model kurva tegangan-regangan kayu Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.). Ruang lingkup penelitian yaitu kurva tegangan-regangan kayu yang dipelajari adalah sifat mekanika lentur dan tekan (sejajar serat dan tegaklurus serat kayu). Data sifat mekanika kayu diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya yaitu pengujian destruktif mengacu standar ASTM D143 dengan metode primer, dengan bahan baku kayu berasal dari Pulau Nias. Hasil penelitian yaitu model kurva tegangan-regangan lentur, tekan arah sejajar serat, dan tekan arah tegaklurus serat memberikan kontribusi bagi praktisi dan akademisi dalam perencanaan bangunan kayu tahan gempa. Model kurva bilinier tegangan-regangan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi untuk analisis elastik maupun inelastik bangunan gedung kayu.Kata kunci: sifat mekanika, simalambuo, nias, eksperimental, bangunan ABSTRACTSimalambuo wood (Lophopetalum sp.) from Nias is widely used as wood raw material to make wooden buildings with residential functions. This research aims to obtain a curve model of the stress-strain of Simalambuo wood (Lophopetalum sp.). The scope of the research is the stress-strain curve of wood are the mechanical properties of flexural and compressive (parallel to the grain and perpendicular to the grain). Data on the mechanical properties of wood was obtained from previous research, namely destructive testing referring to the ASTM D143 standard using the primary method, with wood raw materials originating from Nias Island. The results of the research, namely the curve model of the stress-strain in term of bending, compression parallel to the grain, and compression perpendicular to the grain provide a contribution to practitioners and academics in design of earthquake-resistant wooden buildings. The bilinear stress-strain curve model resulting from this research can be a reference for elastic and inelastic analysis of wooden buildings.Keywords: mechanical properties, simalambuo, nias, experimental, building

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