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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung e-Journal Pustaka Kesehatan Majalah Geografi Indonesia Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Insisiva Dental Journal : Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva UNEJ e-Proceeding MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science AKSONA Folia Medica Indonesiana
Azham Purwandhono
Departement Of Neurology, Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Jember
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Health Professions Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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The Impact of Chronic Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides on the Incidence of Primary Brain Tumors in Farmers: A Narrative Review Purwandhono, Azham; Tartila, Jasmine; Firdaus, Jauhar
AKSONA Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): JANUARY 2024
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/aksona.v4i1.51648

Abstract

Highlight: Primary brain tumors have high mortality and morbidity rates. Organophosphate pesticides are commonly used by farmers. Chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides can increase the incidence of primary brain tumors farmers.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary brain tumors have high mortality and morbidity rates. Its causes and risk factors have not been explored further. Several studies indicate that exposure to pesticides can be one of the main triggering factors. Organophosphate insecticide is one of the most common pesticides used by farmers. Chronic exposure to organophosphates is known to trigger an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body by suppressing the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of chronic exposure to organophosphates in terms of the types of organophosphates used by farmers, frequency of usage, and duration of exposure, using a narrative review method. Methods: A literature search was conducted with multiple electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Springer. The keywords will be searched using the boolean operator method, while synonyms will be found in the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) database. Articles were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) Questionnaire. Results: There were 1071 articles found, but only 14 were selected for review. The studies showed that there was a relationship between the type, frequency, and duration of organophosphate usage and the incidence and risk factors for primary brain tumors. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides, either directly or indirectly, can increase the incidence of primary brain tumors in farmers. The influencing factors include the type, frequency, and duration of pesticide exposure. The most influential factor is the duration of chronic pesticide exposure by farmers. Pesticide reduction exposure is beneficial in preventing the incidence of primary brain tumors in farmers.    
Analisis spasial infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. terhadap penggunaan sumber air bersih pada balita stunting di Kabupaten Jember Utami, Wiwien Sugih; Pangestu, Ahmad Yudho Hadi; Purwandhono, Azham; Maududie, Achmad; Armiyanti, Yunita; Hermansyah, Bagus
Majalah Geografi Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2024): Majalah Geografi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mgi.93422

Abstract

Abstrak. Cryptosporidium spp. adalah parasit intestinal yang secara global ditularkan melalui air (waterborne diseases), dengan banyak kejadian wabah di dunia yang dilaporkan terkait dengan sumber air konsumsi. Mayoritas penyakit ini tidak bergejala (asimptomatis) pada orang dewasa dengan rute penularan dari orang-ke-orang, hewan-ke-orang, melalui air dan makanan. Namun infeksi ini menyebabkan diare kronis hingga malnutrisi pada kelompok rentan yaitu balita dan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya stunting.  Salah satu media transmisi Cryptosporidium spp. adalah air bersih yang dikonsumsi dan digunakan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis risiko sumber air bersih yang digunakan sehari-hari terhadap infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. pada balita stunting secara spasial di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada populasi balita stunting di Kecamatan Kaliwates, Panti, Rambipuji dan Sukorambi Kabupaten Jember menggunakan desain cross sectional. Analisis spasial moran index dan nearest neigbor index (NNI) digunakan untuk mengetahui pola persebaran infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. terhadap suatu wilayah. Uji chi-square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko sumber air  bersih  dengan infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 18 dari 528 (3,41%) balita stunting diketahui terinfeksi Cryptosporidium spp. Nilai moran index menunjukkan adanya pola persebaran mengelompok (clustered) dengan autokorelasi positif di Kecamatan Sukorambi sedangkan daerah lainnya memiliki pola yang acak (random). Hasil NNI di Kecamatan Sukorambi menunjukkan pola yang acak, sedangkan 3 kecamatan lain menunjukkan pola menyebar (dispersed). Jenis sumber air bersih menunjukkan korelasi terhadap infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. Pola spasial infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. di Kecamatan Sukorambi dan korelasinya dengan jenis sumber air bersih ini menunjukkan bahwa pola infeksi ini cenderung mengelompok (clustered) karena penggunaan sumber air bersih yang sama pada penduduk di kecamatan ini yaitu sumber mata air alami yang digunakan bersama-sama seluruh warga, meskipun jarak antar penggunanya tidak berdekatan atau acak sesuai hasil NNI. Di 3 kecamatan lain, pola spasial cenderung menyebar (dispersed) karena penggunaan sumber air yang berbeda dan tidak digunakan secara bersama-sama. Kesimpulan, infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. cenderung meningkat pada sumber air bersih yang digunakan secara bersama-sama. Perlu edukasi pada kelompok masyarakat agar mengolah dulu air yang digunakan sebelum dikonsumsi untuk mengurangi risiko penyebarannya.Abstract. Cryptosporidium spp . are intestinal parasites that are transmitted worldwide by water(waterborne disease), with many of the reported outbreaks in the world associated with sources of drinking water. Most cases of the disease are asymptomatic in adults, and transmission is person-to-person, animal-to-person, waterborne, and foodborne. However, the infection causes chronic diarrhea and malnutrition in vulnerable children under the age of five and is a risk factor for stunting. One of the modes of transmission of Cryptosporidium spp . is through clean water, which is consumed and used daily. The study aimed to spatially analyze the risk of daily clean water sources on Cryptosporidium spp. infection among stunted children in Jember Regency. This study was conducted on a population of stunted young children in Kaliwates, Panti, Rambipuji and Sukorambi sub-districts of Jember Regency using a cross-sectional design. The Moran and NNI index were used to determine the distribution pattern of infection in a region. Chi-squared test was conducted to determine relationship between risk factors of clean water source and Cryptosporidium spp. It was found that 18 out of 528 (3.41%) stunted infants were known to have Cryptosporidium spp. infection. The Moran index value shows a clustered distribution pattern with positive autocorrelation in the Sukorambi sub-district, while the other areas show arandom pattern. The results of the NNI in Sukorambi sub-district show a random pattern, and 3 other sub-districts show adispersed pattern. The spatial pattern of Cryptosporidium spp . infection in Sukorambi subdistrict and its correlation with the type of clean water source shows that this infection pattern tends to cluster because the population in this subdistrict uses the same clean water source, natural springs, which are shared by all residents, although the distance between users is not close or random according to NNI results. In the other three sub-districts, the spatial pattern tends to be more dispersed due to the use of different water sources that are not shared. In summary, there is a tendency for the incidence of Cryptosporidium spp. to increase in shared water supplies. There is a need to educate community groups to treat the water they use prior to consumption in order to reduce the risk of its spread.Submitted: 2024-01-22  Revisions:  2024-09-11 Accepted: 2024-09-25 Published: 2024-09-25
The Relationship of Work Duration and The Symptom of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) in Rujak Sellers in Glenmore District Banyuwangi Regency Syafira, Syafira; Purwandhono, Azham; Handoko, Adelia
Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Vol 10 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ams.v10i3.49649

Abstract

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by tingling, pain and sensory disturbances in the palms and fingers due to compression of the median nerve which is in the carpal tunnel. One of the risk factors for CTS is that repetaed wrist flexion-extension movements over a long period of time can trigger mechanical trauma or ischemia to the median nerve. Rujak seller is one of the jobs that is at risk of experiencing CTS. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between duration and frequency of work and symptoms and severity of CTS in rujak sellers in Glenmore District, Banyuwangi Regency. This cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted from April to June 2024 and involved 59 respondents. Data was collected through interviews using questionnaires on work duration, work frequency, CTS symptoms and the Indonesian version of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ). The results of the Spearman analysis show a significant relationship between work duration and CTS symptoms (p=0.005) with a correlation coefficient of 0.361. The results of data analysis also show a significant relationship between work frequency and CTS symptoms (p=0.000) with a correlation coefficient of 0.595. This research concluded that the duration and frequency of work had a significant positive relationship with the symptoms and severity of CTS. The longer the duration of work and the more frequent the frequency of work, it can increase the risk of CTS and increase the severity of CTS. Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; CTS Symptoms; Duration of Work; Frequency of Work
Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Symptoms in Jember Agricultural Workers Caused by Oxidative Stress and Neurotransmitter Disturbance Narwanto, Muhammad Ihwan; Purwandhono, Azham; Sofiana, Kristianningrum Dian; Febianti, Zahrah; Jauhani, Muhammad Afiful; Kusumastuti, Inke; Putri, Elvia Rahmi Marga
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 56, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v56.3508

Abstract

Increased use of pesticides can have detrimental health consequences, one of which is chronic neurotoxicity. The symptoms include degenerative and neurobehavioral issues. Chronic neurotoxicity occurs through oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter disturbances. This study aimed to determine chronic neurotoxicity and test malondialdehyde and cholinesterase levels as neurotoxicity biomarkers among agricultural workers in Wuluhan, Jember, Indonesia. The 60-person research sample was divided into two groups: agricultural and non-agricultural workers. The interview utilized a mini-mental score examination, Chan's questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire to analyze the cognitive impairment, Parkinsonism, and depressive symptoms. The examination of serum malondialdehyde levels was performed using the TBARS method and cholinesterase levels by photometric kinetic method at a biochemistry laboratory from October to November 2022. Results showed cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in agricultural workers, as well as high levels of malondialdehyde and low cholinesterase levels. This study concludes the presence of chronic pesticide neurotoxicity among agricultural workers in Jember, Indonesia, and that malondialdehyde and cholinesterase levels might serve as biomarkers of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity.
EFFICACY OF REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION AS UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR REHABILITATION THERAPY AFTER STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Purwandhono, Azham; Adji, Novan Krisno; Abrori, Cholis; Fatmawati, Heni; Habibi, Ali
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2025.011.01.12

Abstract

Background: The most frequent impairment following a stroke is the hemiparesis of the opposite-side upper extremity. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is popular in research studies on upper extremity motor rehabilitation after stroke. Information regarding the onset of therapy, duration of therapy, and the type of rTMS in post-stroke upper extremity motor rehabilitation therapy is still spread in various journals, therefore researchers are interested in making this systematic review. Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rTMS for upper extremity motor rehabilitation after stroke, and had specific aims to compare different treatment timings and durations, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of high-frequency versus low-frequency rTMS. Methods: Literature search was conducted with multiple electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and LinkSpringer. The boolean operator method will be used for the keywords and the synonyms were searched using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) database. Critical appraisal and Risk of biases were assessed for each study using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. Data analysis in this systematic review are using descriptive analysis. Results: The included studies consisted of two types of rTMS with varying onset and duration of the therapy. The duration of rTMS therapy consists of 5-18 sessions. In the Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA) based study, High-Frequency (HF) rTMS had significant overall results when compared to sham, whereas Low-Frequency (LF) rTMS therapy still showed contradictory results. HF-rTMS therapy can be performed in acute, subacute, and chronic stroke phases. The duration of HF-rTMS therapy can be done with 5 or 10 sessions, but it still needs further research in order to determine the number of sessions that have the best efficacy. Conclusion: This study show HF-rTMS has better efficacy compared to LF-rTMS for upper extremity motor rehabilitation therapy after stroke.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Liver of Experimentally-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Ikhsan, Wahyu; Suryono, Suryono; Purwandhono, Azham
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 2
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Highlights: • This study examined the antioxidant flavonoid compounds derived from naturally sourced Moringa oleifera leaves. • 2. Moringa oleifera leaf extract was able to prevent tissue fibrosis and liver cirrhosis in diabetic rat models through the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathway. Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is known as a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through various stages, including necro-inflammatory fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatitis. M. oleifera leaves contain flavonoid antioxidants, which inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the potential of M. oleifera leaf extract at a dosage of 1,000 mg/kgbw to inhibit liver tissue fibrosis in diabetic rats. This study used a true experimental method with a post-test-only control group design. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia, from November 2021 to January 2022 on 27 male Wistar rats that were divided into three groups of nine rats. The rats were induced with streptozotocin and M. oleifera leaf extract at a dosage of 1,000 mg/kgbw. Masson's trichrome staining and the Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis (METAVIR) scoring system were used to measure liver tissue fibrosis. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to examine significant differences between groups. The results showed a significant difference in the degree of liver tissue fibrosis between the control and diabetes groups (p=0.00) as well as the diabetes and treatment groups (p=0.003). However, the results did not show any significant differences between the control and treatment groups (p=0.270). These findings suggested that administering M. oleifera leaf extract at a dosage of 1,000 mg/kgbw can inhibit liver tissue fibrosis. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that administering M. oleifera leaf extract can inhibit liver tissue fibrosis in diabetic rats.
Stroke Severity and Constipation in Ischemic Stroke Patient in Indonesian Regional Hospital Purwandhono, Azham; Robby, Satria Arju Ridho; Sofiana, Kristianningrum Dian; Narwanto, Muhammad Ihwan; Adji, Novan Krisno
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v58.4276

Abstract

Ischemic stroke can lead to a range of complications, incluing constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between stroke severity history and constipation among ischemic stroke patients treated at the Outpatient Neurology Clinic of dr. Soebandi Jember Regional Hospital. This cross-sectional observational analytic study was conducted on 37 first-attack ischemic stroke patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the period of June to November 2024. Stroke severity data were obtained from medical records using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Meanwhile, constipation incidence data were obtained through interviews using the Constipation Scoring System (CSS) questionnaire. Data collected were then analyzed using the Spearman test. Most subjects were ≥60 years (39.5%), male (62.2%), and graduated from elementary school (45.9%). Most patients had moderate stroke severity (40.5%) and moderate constipation (40.5%). There was a significant relationship between stroke severity and constipation (p=0.001) with a strong correlation strength (r=0.524) and a positive correlation direction. In conclusion, stroke severity has a strong, directly proportional relationship with constipation in ischemic stroke patients.
Co-Authors . Suryono Achmad Maududie Adji, Novan Krisno Alif Mardijana Angga Mardro Raharjo Bagus Hermansyah Banun Kusumawardani Barus, Marsha Zahra Adyanda Candra Bumi Cholis Abrori, Cholis Desie Dwi Wisudanti Diana Chusna Mufida Elly Nurus Sakinah, Elly Nurus Elvia Rahmi Marga putri ENNY SUSWATI Habibi, Ali Handoko, Adelia Heni Fatmawati Ikhsan, Wahyu Jauhani, Muhammad Afiful Jauhar Firdaus Komang Yunita Wiryaning Putri Kristianningrum Dian Sofiana Kristianningrum Sofiana Kusumastuti, Inke M. Ihwan Narwanto Muhammad Afiful Jauhani Muhammad Yudha Nugraha Novan Krisno Adji Pangestu, Ahmad Yudho Hadi Puspita Sari Putri, Elvia Rahmi Marga Putu Ayu Laksmi Lestari Rena Normasari Robby, Satria Arju Ridho Salsabila Maula Zalfa El Hamzah Suryono Suryono Syafira, Syafira Tartila, Jasmine Wahyu Ikhsan Wiwien Sugih Utami Yuliana Mahdiyah Daat Arina Yunita Armiyanti Zahrah Febianti Zahrah Febianti