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PENGARUH PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL SELAMA MASA KEHAMILAN TERHADAP JUMLAH TOTAL LEUKOSIT DAN HITUNG JENIS LEUKOSIT Nuarita, Rusliyana; Praharani, Depi; Kusumawardani, Banun
STOMATOGNATIC- Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 9, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember

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The changes of hormonal during pregnancy can increase the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Increased estrogen and progesterone can cause excessive response in periodontal tissues so easily happen inflammation of the periodontal tissues. The most important aspects of the inflammation is the leukocyte reaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodontal disease during pregnancy to the total number of leukocytes and leukocyte counts. Research procedures performed each trimester which includes examining periodontal index (PI) to assess the severity of periodontal disease and total leukocyte counts and leukocyte counts were taken from venous blood. The data obtained were analyzed with linear regression test. Statistical analysis showed that the higher the score PI will increase the total number of leukocytes. The conclusion of this study is periodontal disease during pregnancy may increase the total number of leukocytes and leukocyte counts.

Perkembangan Plasenta dan Pertumbuhan Janin pada Tikus Hamil yang Diinfeksi Porphyromonas Gingivalis Placental Development and Fetal Growth in Porphyromonas Gingivalis-Infected Pregnant Rats Kusumawardani, Banun; MD Arina, Yuliana; Purwandhono, Azham
Insisiva Dental Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Insisiva Dental Journal

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Maternal Porphyromonasgingivalis infection on periodontal tissue can result in Porphyromonasgingivalisdissemination to umbillical cord. Porphyromonas gingivalis presumably gain access to the systemic circulationvia local tissue inflammation, and may affect the placental development and the fetus itself. This study aimed toanalize the effect of periodontal infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis on placental development, and todetermine its effect on fetal growth in a pregnant rat model. Female rats were infected with live-Porphyromonasgingivalis at concentration of 2x109 cells/ml into subgingival sulcus of the maxillary first molar before and/orduring pregnancy. They were sacrified on gestational day (GD) 20. Fetuses were evaluated for weight andlength. All placentas were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed for paraffin embedding, and stained withhematoxylin and eosin.The histopathological analysis of placentas on GD 20 showed that trophoblast cells inlabyrinth and junctional zone had a greater density in control group than Porphyromonas gingivalis-infectedperiodontal maternal group. The nucleated-erythrocytes were found more abundant in the fetal blood vessels ofPorphyromonas gingivalis-infected periodontal maternal group than in the fetal blood vessels of control group.In conclusion, the impaired placental morphology influenced the normal function of placenta to maintain thegrowth and development of fetus. The decreased placental weightresulted in the decreased of fetal weightandlength.

FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION IN PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS-INFECTED PREGNANT RATS: RESTRI KSI PERTUMBUHAN JANIN PADA TIKUS HAMIL YANG DIINFEKSI PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS Banun Kusumawardani; Marsetyawan Soesatyo; Djaswadi Dasuki; Widya Asmara
Dentika: Dental Journal Vol. 16 No. 1 (2011): Dentika Dental Journal
Publisher : TALENTA

The periodontopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis may directly or indirectly attack the fetus by releasing toxins into the blood stream that could reach the placental and influence fetal development . This study aimed to determine the effect of periodontal infection with P. gingivalis on fetal development in pregnant rat model. Female rats were infected with live-P. gingivalis at concentration of 109colony forming unit/ml into subgingival sulcus before and/or during pregnancy. Group I: without P. gingivalis infection ; group II: P. gingivalis infection before and during pregnancy; group III: P. gingivalisinfection before pregnancy; and group IV: P. gingivalis infection during pregnancy. They were sacrified on gestational day 14 and 20. Fetuses were evaluated for weight and crown-tail length. The results showed that the dams infected with P.gingivalis significantly decrease the mean of fetal weights, lengths and placental weights compared with the control group (p<0.05). The percentages of fetal growth restriction at the time of sacrifice were 6.66, 100, 72.97 and 87.09% growthrestricted fetuses in group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. When weights of growth- restricted fetuses of the treated groups were compared with the control group there were significant differences (p<0.05). P. gingivalis was detected by API ZYM system in the blood of umbillical cord from the treated groups. In conclusion, in pregnant rat models, periodontal infection with P. gingivalis affects fetal development. The maternal P. gingivalis infection on periodontal tissue can result in P. gingivalis dissemination to umbillical cord and induction of FGR.

Efek Stresor Rasa Sakit Renjatan Listrik terhadap Limfosit dan Makrofag pada Gingiva Tikus Sprague Dawley (The Effect of Electrical Shock Stressor on Lymphocytes and Macrophages in Gingival Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats) Vananda Duanta Kantasa; Banun Kusumawardani; Herniyati .
Pustaka Kesehatan Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : UPT Percetakan dan Penerbitan Universitas Jember

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Background: Stress has negative impact for oral health and can cause periodontal disease, because the secretion of cortisol increase when stress occur. The excessive secretion of cortisol assumed to decrease the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in gingiva which play a role on immunity of oral health. Objective: To determine the effect of electrical shock stressor on the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in gingival tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were given electrical shock for 7 days (S1), 14 days (S2), and 28 days (S3). Lymphocytes and macrophages observed on histological preparation in interdental gingiva between first molar and second molar used binocular microscope, 1000x magnification. Result: The results showed that the number of lymphocytes in S1 group (3,67±0,816), S2 (3,83±0,752), and S3 (3,17±0,527), also macrophages in S1 group (0,83±0,752), S2 (1,00±0,894), and S3 (0,67±0,816) were lower than the number of lymphocytes (0,67±0,816) and macrophages (2,00±0,632) in control group. The number of lymphocytes (p = 0,002) and macrophages (p = 0,033 ) had significant difference between groups. Conclusion: The electrical shock stressor decreased the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in gingival tissue of Sprague Dawley rats that could cause the oral cavity risk to periodontal infection. Keywords: electrical shock stressor, gingiva, lymphocytes, macrophages, stress

Perkembangan Plasenta dan Pertumbuhan Janin pada Tikus Hamil yang Diinfeksi Porphyromonas Gingivalis Placental Development and Fetal Growth in Porphyromonas Gingivalis-Infected Pregnant Rats Banun Kusumawardani; Yuliana MD Arina; Azham Purwandhono
Insisiva Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/di.v3i1.1725

Maternal Porphyromonasgingivalis infection on periodontal tissue can result in Porphyromonasgingivalisdissemination to umbillical cord. Porphyromonas gingivalis presumably gain access to the systemic circulationvia local tissue inflammation, and may affect the placental development and the fetus itself. This study aimed toanalize the effect of periodontal infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis on placental development, and todetermine its effect on fetal growth in a pregnant rat model. Female rats were infected with live-Porphyromonasgingivalis at concentration of 2x109 cells/ml into subgingival sulcus of the maxillary first molar before and/orduring pregnancy. They were sacrified on gestational day (GD) 20. Fetuses were evaluated for weight andlength. All placentas were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed for paraffin embedding, and stained withhematoxylin and eosin.The histopathological analysis of placentas on GD 20 showed that trophoblast cells inlabyrinth and junctional zone had a greater density in control group than Porphyromonas gingivalis-infectedperiodontal maternal group. The nucleated-erythrocytes were found more abundant in the fetal blood vessels ofPorphyromonas gingivalis-infected periodontal maternal group than in the fetal blood vessels of control group.In conclusion, the impaired placental morphology influenced the normal function of placenta to maintain thegrowth and development of fetus. The decreased placental weightresulted in the decreased of fetal weightandlength.

Determination of Total Protein and Calcium in Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Banun Kusumawardani; Intan Julita Purnamasari; Dea Ajeng Pravita Suendi
Insisiva Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva Vol 10, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/di.v10i2.13096

Gingival mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (GMSC-CM) is a conditioned medium obtained from cultured gingival mesenchymal stem cells. GMSCs are easily isolated from gingival tissue, whereas gingival tissue is easily obtained by minimally invasive techniques. On the other hand, CM contains proteins, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that play an important role in osteogenic differentiation.This study aims to determine the total protein and calcium levels in GMSC-CM.GMSCs were grown in culture media with 10% of FBS. CM of GMSC was obtained from the media collection process with a 0.22 µm filter and concentrated with a centrifugal filter to obtain a concentrated GMSC-CM. The concentration of total protein was performed by bicinchoninic acid protein assay on GMSC-CM and concentrated GMSC-CM. Calcium level was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The results arethat GMSC-CM had a total protein concentration of 2502±0.06 µg/ml, and the concentratedGMSC-CM was 1.912±0.08 μg/ml.The calcium level of GMSC-CM was 0.009% and concentratedGMSC-CM was 0.009%. It can be concluded thatGMSC-CM had a high concentration of total protein and calcium. These parameters were used to develop bioprocesses to enhance the production of GMSC-CM, which will support the implementation of cell-free therapy for tissue regeneration.

THE LEVELS OF TNF-Α IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF) OF OSING TRIBE WOMEN WITH OCCLUSAL DISHARMONY Suhartini Suhartini; Banun Kusumawardani
UNEJ e-Proceeding Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences (ICMHS)
Publisher : UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember

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The Osing tribal region is demographically adjacentto the island of Java, Madura and Bali. The proximityof this demographic regions affects multiple systemsof their organization, culture, and arts. The Osing’sfamilial and societal patterns are similar to the otherJavanese tribes, including housing, food, lifestyle andhealth. Osing tribe is frequently compared toBalinese culture, such as traditional clothing,wedding dresses, and others [1]. One of the culturesassociated with the teeth is Pangur or asa i.e.reducing/flattening the occlusal surfaces of the teethespecially for Osing bride women. In addition, thereis also a tradition of Osing women called Nginang orbetel chewing [2]. This situation may lead to animbalance of dental occlusion and disruption of thenormal flora in the oral cavity alleging effect on oralhealthDental and oral health can be achieved if there is arelationship of harmony and balance between theorgans and tissues in the oral cavity. This is becausethe oral cavity is an integral stomatognatic complexsystem.Stomatognatic system is unitary organ that hasmutual-related functions. These organs include jawbones, temporo mandibular joint (TMJ), teeth, andother supporting structures e.g. masticationmuscles, facial muscles, head and neck. Thisstomatognatic system plays an active role in theprocess of mastication. In normal conditions, itoccurs a harmonious relationship of all componentsof the masticatory system i.e. teeth, muscles, TMJ,lips, cheeks, palate, tongue and salivary secretion[3]. The conditions of normal tooth anatomy andwell-structured on curved teeth will put bothcondyle joints at the center of the articular disc. Thissituation will create an effective mastication process[4].Abnormal condition of tooth structure will causemalocclusion [3]. Occlusion is an interocclusalrelation (intercups) between the teeth of each jaw inaccordance with the position and movement of themandible [5]. Occlusion pathological state is knownas occlusal disharmony. Occlusal disharmony can becaused by several factors such as the loss of teeth,caries, attrition, tooth anomalies, bruxism, and thehabit of chewing on one side [6].Occlusal disharmony is suspected to causeinflammation in periodontal tissues. Periodontaltissue disease is one of the dental and oral diseasethat most commonly occurs. Periodontal diseasescan be caused by bacteria or mechanical theoverloads. The overloads can be caused by theocclusal disharmony. Thus, occlusal disharmony issuspected to cause inflammation in the periodontaltissues. Abnormal oocclusion condition in thisocclusion disharmony leads into occlusal traumawhich will increase the load received by theperiodontal tissue [7]. If this condition is persistent,it will cause periodontal tissue inflammation.Inflammation undergoing locally to the periodontaltissues will induce the immune system to increasethe activity of the inflammatory cytokine secretion,one of which is TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha).TNF-α will play a role in activating osteoclasts, whichcan result in the destruction of the alveolar bone [8].This inflammatory cytokines can be found in gingivalcrevicular fluid (GCF), which are inflammatoryexudates collected in the gingival sulcus [9].TNF-α is a cytokine that plays a role in theoccurrence of periodontal disease through itsactivities, which triggers proliferation, differentiationand activity of osteoclasts resulting in boneresorption, and inducing production of proteinase inthe cells of the mesenchyme that is responsible inbond tissue destruction. In patients withperiodontitis it occurs increased levels of TNF-α,which will be decreased after periodontal treatment.Based on the description above, it is necessary toknow the levels of TNF-α in GCF Osing women as anindicator of periodontal tissue inflammation due toocclusion disharmony. It is important for preventionand treatment of abnormalities of occlusiondisharmony that will improve oral health and qualityof life, especially in the Osing community in Kemirenvillage, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency.

Maternal endotoxin-induced fetal growth restriction in rats: Fetal responses in toll-like receptor Banun Kusumawardani; Marsetyawan HNE. Soesatyo; Djaswadi Dasuki; Widya Asmara
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis as a major etiology of periodontal disease can produce virulence factor, lipopolysaccharide/LPS, which is expected to play a role in the intrauterine fetal growth. Trophoblast at the maternal-fetal interface actively participates in response to infection through the expression of a family of natural immune receptors, toll-like receptor (TLR). Purpose: the aims of study were to identify endotoxin concentration in maternal blood serum of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected pregnant rats, to characterize the TLR-4 expression in trophoblast cells, and to determine its effect on fetal growth. Methods: Female rats were infected with live-Porphyromonas gingivalis at concentration of 2 x 109 cells/ml into subgingival sulcus area of the maxillary first molar before and/or during pregnancy. They were sacrified on 14th and 20th gestational day. Fetuses were evaluated for weight and length. Endotoxin was detected by limulus amebocyte lysate assay in the maternal blood serum. The TLR-4 expression in trophoblast cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. <span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size:

Effect of Cassave leaf flavonoid extract on TNF-α expressions in rat models suffering from periodontitis Zahara Meilawaty; Banun Kusumawardani
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 3 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Bacteria playing a role in periodontitis are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that can release endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS acts as a stimulus to a variety of host cells that can stimulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Increased TNF-α then can lead to periodontal tissue destruction. Furthermore, cassava leaves have many health benefits due to flavonoid organic compound contained, known to possess anti-inflammatory activity are used as a medicine. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of cassava leaf flavonoid extract as a basic ingredient of anti-inflammatory gel on TNF-α expression in Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis induced with Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. Method: This study used 24 male Wistar rats. Those rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 2 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 3 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 4 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 5 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. And, group 6 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. The topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel was inserted into gingival sulcus on the first right molar of their lower jaw by using a blunted syringe needle. The gel was given two times a day for 7 days. Result: The expression of TNF-α in the control group was more than that in the treatment groups given the Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentrations of 25% and 50%. The expression of TNF-α in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 50% was lower than that in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 25%. Conclusion: Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel could be used as an anti-inflammatory gel characterized by a decrease in TNF-α expression in rat models suffering from periodontitis.

Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti; Banun Kusumawardani
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 3 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Menopause is a phase of a woman’s life marked by menstruation cycle cessation and an increased risk of periodontal disease. It can be caused by estrogen deficiency which alters the microenvironment in the sulcular gingival area and influences the composition and flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). GCF has been widely studied as a non-invasive diagnostic and predictive tool for periodontal diseases. However, insufficient reports exist that explore its role as a predictive or diagnostic tool for bone loss detection in menopausal women. Purpose: This study aimed was to investigate deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and mineral levels that could be utilized as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal disease. Methods: This study represents a form of analytical observation. Eighty-four patients of the Dental Hospital, University of Jember who fulfilled certain criteria were recruited. The subjects were divided into two main groups based on the presence of periodontal disease, (gingivitis=26; periodontitis=58) which were subsequently divided into three sub-groups based on their menopausal phase (pre-menopausal=26; perimenopausal=40; post-menopausal=18). GCF was collected using paper points from the buccal site of a posterior maxillary tooth with each subject having their GCF taken on only one occasion. DPD analysis was conducted by means of an ELISA test. The analysis of calcium, magnesium and sodium incorporated the use of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope (AAS), while that of phosphor was by means of a spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed using a comparison and correlation test (p<0.05). Results: There were significant differences in DPD and the mineral level of GCF in menopausal women with periodontal diseases (p<0.05). DPD and mineral levels showed significant correlation to those of menopausal women with periodontal diseases and a pH of GCF. Conclusion: DPD and mineral level in GCF could be used as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal diseases.

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