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Indah Raya
Department Of Chemistry. Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Ujung Pandang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Synthesis and Characterization of MnO2 Nanoparticle Composite and Palm Kernel Shell-Based Activated Carbon as Supercapacitor Electrode Candidates Arif, Ainun Rezkiva; Zakir, Muhammad; Ahmad, Ahyar; Raya, Indah; Taba, Paulina; Rasyid, Herlina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.110797

Abstract

Palm kernel shells (PKS) are a biomass waste rich in carbon and low in ash content, making them suitable for conversion into supercapacitor electrode materials that support the principles of the blue economy and green technology. This study presents a novel synthesis approach for supercapacitor electrode materials by combining activated carbon derived from hydrothermally carbonized PKS biomass waste (AC-PKS) with MnO2 nanoparticles. Carbon activation in this study was carried out using chemical and physical activation approaches to produce a microporous structure with a high surface area. The AC-PKS/MnO2 composite was then synthesized through a redox reaction deposition using KMnO4 to create materials that exhibit potential properties between double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitive behavior. Electrochemical testing with CV and GCD showed an increase in the specific capacitance of the AC-PKS/MnO2 composite of 67.85 and 46.91 F/g, respectively. These findings indicate the scientific contribution of combining biomass-derived activated carbon with metal oxides as a potential supercapacitor electrode. The implications of these results suggest that AC-PKS/MnO2 not only offers a sustainable material solution but also opens up opportunities for the development of high-capacity supercapacitor electrodes for future energy storage applications, particularly in renewable energy and environmentally friendly technologies.
Co-Authors Abd. Karim Abdalrazaq, Eid Abdul Karim Abdul Wahid Wahab Abubakar, Andi Nur Fitriani Ahmad Fudhail  Majid Ahmad, Mardiana Ahyar Ahmad Andi Nilawati Usman Arfiani Nur Arif, Ainun Rezkiva As’ad, Suryani Augustyn, Gelora Helena Burhanuddinnur, Muhammad Dian Ranggina Djabal Nur Basir Eka Anggriani Odja Fadliah, Fadliah Gani Rachim, St. Annisa Gemini Alam Ghanima Yasmaniar Harningsih Karim Hasri Hasri Husla, Ridha Junianti, Fitri Kollur, Shivaa Prasad Lopulalan, Cynthia Maming Maming Gaffar, Maming Maming Maming Mubayyina, Firdaus Muhammad Burhannudinnur Muhammad Zakir Munadi, Rachmin Nurillah, Isti Nursiah La Nafie Nursiah La Nafie Paulina Taba Putri, Tri Widayati Rasyid, Herlina Ridhawati, Ridhawati Ridwan, Irham Pratama Subandrio Sulistiani Jarre Syahruddin Kasim Thahir, Ridhawati Wahid Wahab, Abdul Widayati Putri, Tri Yasser, M Zahra, Audrey