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PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR SENI RUPA: KAJIAN DALAM KONTEKS KBK Rondhi, Mohammad
Imajinasi Vol 1, No 1 (2005): IMAJINASI
Publisher : Jurusan Seni Rupa, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Pusat Kurikulum Depdiknas telah mengembangkan suatu kurikulum yang disebut Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK) untuk jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah. Kurikulum berbasis kompetensi merupakan reaksi terhadap praktek di mana program pendidikan direncanakan dan dilaksanakan dengan bertolak dari mata pelajaran atau disiplin ilmu. Sebaliknya KBK memberi tekanan khusus pada pembentukan kompetensi secara langsung dan sistematis, yaitu dengan mengkaji dan menguji kaitan antara materi pelajaran, pencapaian hasil belajar, kompetensi dan pengalaman belajar yang diberikan kepada siswa. Pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar kecuali ditentukan oleh program yang telah ditentukan juga tergantung pada pihak-pihak yang terkait termasuk guru. Persepsi guru atau pengajar terhadap suatu program pembelajaran menentukan bagaimana program tersebut dilaksanakan. Pemahaman yang keliru terhadap kurikulum akan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Ã¢â¬ËmalpraktikÃ¢â¬â¢ pendidikan. Sesuai dengan landasan filosofi yang dianutnya, ada dua bentuk kurikulum pendidikan seni yaitu kurikulum kontekstual dan kurikulum esensial. Kedua bentuk kurikulum tersebut masing-masing mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Oleh karena itu penggabungan kedua bentuk kurikulum tersebut sangat tepat dan diharapkan sesuai dengan konsep kurikulum berbasis kompetensi.ÃÂ Kata Kunci: kompetensi, kurikulum kontekstual, kurikulum esensial, homologi, paralogi , pranata,seni rupa

TUMPENG: SEBUAH KAJIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI ANTROPOLOGI Rondhi, Mohammad
Imajinasi Vol 3, No 1 (2007): Imajinasi
Publisher : Jurusan Seni Rupa, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Tumpeng sebagai ekspresi budaya mengandung banyak makna. Melalui pendekatan psikologi antropologi kita dapat mengungkap makna-makna tersebut. Tentu saja pendekatan ini bukan yang terbaik tetapi paling tidak dapat memberi wawasan baru tentang perilaku manusia dan masyarakat lingkungannya. Dalam tulisan ini tidak begitu banyak mengupas hal tersebut kecuali untuk mengurangi redundansi juga agar tulisan ini lebih terfokus pada hal-hal yang belum banyak dibicarakan oleh para pakar. Ritual tumpengan merupakan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok orang atau organisasi sosial tertentu berdasarkan pranata yang berlaku. Ritual tersebut kecuali merupakan realisasi dari sebuah sistem sosial juga merupakan sarana untuk mencapai tujuan dari sistem sosial itu sendiri. Makna ritual tumpengan berbeda bagi tiap orang meskipun keduanya berada dalam komunitas yang sama. Hal tersebut terjadi karena tiap orang mempunyai latar belakang sejarah dan kepribadian yang berbeda. Makna ritual tumpengan tidak bisa ditafsirkan secara seragam hanya dengan mengacu pada satu sistem simbol atau pranata yang berlaku. Bagi orang Jawa membuat tumpeng adalah kebiasaan atau tindakan berdasarkan tradisi. Meskipun demikian tujuan orang membuat tumpeng dapat berbeda-beda sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi. Pembuatan nasi tumpeng dengan bentuk kerucut atau gunungan bagi orang Jawa dapat dipahami sebagai simbolisasi dari kelamin laki-laki (phallus). Dengan kata lain, tumpeng adalah simbol kejantanan. Kerucut atau gunungan sering diabstraksikan menjadi bentuk segitiga dengan satu ujung di atas sebagai puncak. Ketiga titik dalam segitiga dapat diartikan dua titik pada garis horizontal sebagai posisi ibu dan ayah sedangkan yang di puncak diduduki oleh anak. Jadi gunungan yang berbentuk segitiga tersebut merupakan simbolisasi dari struktur keluarga Jawa. Gunung juga bisa berarti bumi atau ibu pertiwi yaitu tempat kita dilahirkan, dibesarkan dan bahkan setelah mati dikuburkan. Dengan demikian bentuk nasi tumpeng yang parabolik itumerupakan simbolisasi dari perut atau rahim seorang perempuan. Dorongan untuk kembali ke pelukan seorang ibu adalah dorongan bawah sadar yang diperoleh anak sejak masa kecil. Penyaluran terhadap hasrat bawah sadar tersebut bermacam-macam, bisa lewat mimpi, lewat karya seni atau melalui kegiatan lainnya. Dengan kata lain perilaku orang dewasa terhadap tumpeng tidak jauh berbeda dengan perilaku anak-anak. Membuat tumpeng, memotong dan kemudian memakannya merupakan ekspresi bawah sadar dan juga katarsis bagi orang Jawa.Kata kunci: Tumpeng, gunungan, skemata, psikoanalisis, katarsis

The Ideology and Implementation of Aesthetic Education in Junior High School of Semarang Municipality Rondhi, Mohammad; Soesanto, Soesanto; Sugiharto, Ignatius Bambang
The Journal of Educational Development Vol 6 No 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jed.v6i2.22409

Aesthetic education is an aspect of art education in schools whose implementation is very diverse. The diversity in the implementation is thought to be due to differences in the teacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ideology on aesthetic education. The teacher's perception of aesthetic education must be influenced by the ideology he/she embraces. Therefore, field research is needed to provide an explanation of the teacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ideology and the implementation of aesthetic education at school. Problems to be solved through this research were (1) how is the ideology and understanding of teacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s art about aesthetic education and (2) how is the implementation of aesthetic education at school. This research utilized a qualitative approach with cultural ecology model. Data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The target of this research was art and culture teachers of Junior High School in Semarang. The results showed that in carrying out the learning of art and culture all teachers refer to the school-based (KTSP) curriculum and the 2013 Curriculum. Almost all art and cultural teachers carry out the learning process in accordance with the guidelines of the curriculum although they still adjust to school conditions. According to the art and culture teachers, in fact, the substance of the two curricula is not very much different; both are based on students and learning strategies using a scientific approach. In addition to providing an aesthetic experience to students, art education is also very appropriate as a means of character education for the nation.

The Effects of Land Ownership on Production, Labor Allocation, and Rice Farming Efficiency Rondhi, Mohammad; Adi, Ad Hariyanto
AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research Vol 4, No 2: July-December 2018
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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Land is the main input in agricultural production and also a wealth-generating asset for farmers. There are three common forms of agricultural land ownership:owned land, rented land, and sharecropped (kedokan) land, where each of them are directly affects the farming performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of land ownerships on farm production, labor use, and farm economic efficiency. The sample used in this study were 150 farmers equally distributed in each ownership group from a population of 1039 farmers. Cobb-Douglas production function, F-test, and RC ratio were used to estimate production function, the difference in labor use, and farm economic efficiency. The results showed that rented land has the highest productivity followed by owned and sharecropped(kedokan) land. Meanwhile, the sharecroppedkedokan)land has the lowest labor use, followed by rented and owned land. However, in term of profitability, owned land is the highest followed by rented and sharecropped land. The results also showed that sharecropping(ngedok) as an informal contract farming between farmer and landlord was the best economic choice for the landlord. Furthermore, to improve farmers welfare, the landless farmers should be facilitated to own their own land.

Asymmetric Information And FarmerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Participation In Tobacco Contract Farming Rondhi, Mohammad; Imelda, Sisca; Setyawan, Hendrik; Aji, Joni Murti Mulyo; Hariyati, Yuli; M, Mustapit; Raharto, Sugeng; Fauziah, Diana; Kusmiati, Ati
JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Vol 13, No 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jejak.v13i1.17413

Contract farming (CF) is an important tool to initiate structural transformation of agricultural sector in developing countries. However, one of pertinent problems in its establishment is asymmetric information. This problem creates a condition of mutual distrust between the contracting parties and decreases farmerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s participation in it. Thus, this study aimed to explain the asymmetric information problem in CF and find the correlates of farmerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s participation in it. As one of important industrial crops, this study focused on tobacco CF. This study was conducted at two villages (Antirogo and Nogosari) on two different sub-district (Sumbersari and Rambipuji) in Jember. A sample of 113 farmers were interviewed to collect the data. A descriptive analysis was used to explain the contract arrangement and asymmetric information in tobacco CF. A probit estimation was used to identify the coorelates of farmerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s participation in tobacco CF. The results showed that asymetric information does exists in tobacco CF and can be minimized through intense monitoring and increased transparancy. Both of these are possible when the company contracting directly with farmers. Meanwhile, younger farmer and those with more land are more likely to participate in CF. Furthermore, participation in CF is highly correlated with the increases in farm income. Finally, policy aimed to fostering CF should focused more on regulation that minimize the transaction cost of CF. In addition, in the long term, the policy should focused on incentivize young farmers and encouraging youth to enter agriculture.

Assessing Determinants of Farmerâ€™s Participation in Sugarcane Contract Farming in Indonesia Rokhani, Rokhani; Rondhi, Mohammad; Kuntadi, Ebban Bagus; Aji, Joni Murti Mulyo; Suwandari, Anik; Supriono, Agus; Hapsari, Triana Dewi
AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research Vol 6, No 1: January-June 2020
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

The integrated value chain is a prerequisite for the successful industrialization of the agricultural sector. Contract farming (CF) is a useful instrument to integrate the agricultural value chain in developing countries such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of farmer participation in sugarcane contract farming. The data utilized in this study was obtained from the Indonesian Plantation Farm Household Survey 2014 for Sugarcane. The data consists of 8.831 farmers distributed in 8 provinces. Logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of farmer participation in sugarcane CF. The result shows that age, education, and type of cultivated land negatively affect farmer participation in sugarcane CF. Meanwhile, land tenure, cultivation area, cropping system, certified seed, membership in a cooperative, access to extension services, and membership in farmerâ€™s association positively affect farmer participation in sugarcane CF. The policy implication for increasing farmer participation in CF is to intensify the information of CF to the farmer with a large cultivation area. Since these farmers tend to participate in CF to anticipate marketing risks.

Factors Affecting the Participation of Sugarcane and Tobacco Farmers in Farmer Groups, Associations and Cooperatives in Indonesia Rokhani, Rokhani; Fauziyah, Diana; Supriono, Agus; Hariyati, Yuli; Raharto, Sugeng; Hapsari, Triana Dewi; Adi, Ad Hariyanto; Khasan, Ahmad Fatikhul; Rondhi, Mohammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 36, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.46817

The revitalization of farmer organizations has become the central paradigm in agricultural development. In Indonesia, increasing farmer participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives is the strategy to revitalize farmer organizations. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives. This study employed data from the Sugarcane and Tobacco Plantation Farm Household Survey in 2014, consisting of 8,831 (70.73%) sugarcane farmers and 3,645 (29.27%) tobacco farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to farmers' participation in each organization. The results showed that harvest area, access to extension and contract farming positively affect farmers’ participation in organizations. Farmers' age and education positively affect their participation in associations and cooperatives but do not significantly affect their group participation. Land tenure has an ununiform effect on farmer participation in each organization. Tenant farmers are less likely to participate in farmer groups and cooperatives, but they tend to participate in associations. Meanwhile, the owner farmers are less likely to join cooperatives. Government support positively influences farmer group participation, shows a negative effect on participation in associations and has a non-significant effect on participation in cooperatives. Finally, farmers' wealth gives a positive effect on their participation in cooperatives, a negative effect on their participation in associations and a non-significant effect on farmer groups. These results depict that farmer groups are more inclusive than cooperatives and associations.

The Effects of Land Ownership on Production, Labor Allocation, and Rice Farming Efficiency Rondhi, Mohammad; Adi, Ad Hariyanto
AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research Vol 4, No 2: July-December 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Land is the main input in agricultural production and also a wealth-generating asset for farmers. There are three common forms of agricultural land ownership:owned land, rented land, and sharecropped (kedokan) land, where each of them are directly affects the farming performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of land ownerships on farm production, labor use, and farm economic efficiency. The sample used in this study were 150 farmers equally distributed in each ownership group from a population of 1039 farmers. Cobb-Douglas production function, F-test, and RC ratio were used to estimate production function, the difference in labor use, and farm economic efficiency. The results showed that rented land has the highest productivity followed by owned and sharecropped(kedokan) land. Meanwhile, the sharecroppedkedokan)land has the lowest labor use, followed by rented and owned land. However, in term of profitability, owned land is the highest followed by rented and sharecropped land. The results also showed that sharecropping(ngedok) as an informal contract farming between farmer and landlord was the best economic choice for the landlord. Furthermore, to improve farmers welfare, the landless farmers should be facilitated to own their own land.

The Ideology and Implementation of Aesthetic Education in Junior High School of Semarang Municipality Rondhi, Mohammad; Soesanto, Soesanto; Sugiharto, Ignatius Bambang
The Journal of Educational Development Vol 6 No 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jed.v6i2.22409

Aesthetic education is an aspect of art education in schools whose implementation is very diverse. The diversity in the implementation is thought to be due to differences in the teacherâ€™s ideology on aesthetic education. The teacher's perception of aesthetic education must be influenced by the ideology he/she embraces. Therefore, field research is needed to provide an explanation of the teacherâ€™s ideology and the implementation of aesthetic education at school. Problems to be solved through this research were (1) how is the ideology and understanding of teacherâ€™s art about aesthetic education and (2) how is the implementation of aesthetic education at school. This research utilized a qualitative approach with cultural ecology model. Data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The target of this research was art and culture teachers of Junior High School in Semarang. The results showed that in carrying out the learning of art and culture all teachers refer to the school-based (KTSP) curriculum and the 2013 Curriculum. Almost all art and cultural teachers carry out the learning process in accordance with the guidelines of the curriculum although they still adjust to school conditions. According to the art and culture teachers, in fact, the substance of the two curricula is not very much different; both are based on students and learning strategies using a scientific approach. In addition to providing an aesthetic experience to students, art education is also very appropriate as a means of character education for the nation.

Pola Tanam Usahatani dan Nilai Ekonomi Air pada Kecamatan Lumajang Hasan, Ilham; Rondhi, Mohammad; Aji, Joni Murti Mulyo
Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ma.v11i2.17917

Water is the most important part in cultivating plants, the availability of water is a source of agricultural support so that agricultural plants grow optimally. However, there is a scarcity of water supply in Lumajang sub-district, to meet the water needs of the land, farmers have built pump wells to distribute water to the land to meet the needs of rice and corn crops. This needs to be taken into account due to high operational costs, so calculating the economic value of pump well irrigation water is important. Researcher's objectives (1) What is the economic value of pump well model irrigation water. (2) What factors influence the economic value of pump well model irrigation water. The research area chosen by Lumajang District was carried out using the method Purposive sampling and methods Proportionate Stratifield Random Sampling. Research Methods use descriptive and quantitative methods. Analytical tools use analytics Residual Imputation Approach (RIA) and Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results of the RIA analysis of the economic value of pump model irrigation water in the dry season are the value of water in these 3 areas for cultivating corn and rice plants, in the dry season the operational costs for irrigating rice plants have a high volume of water, so farmers use water efficiently. Multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing the economic value of pump irrigation water, Education (X1) has a significant effect with a coefficient of - 242.837, has a real negative effect on the economic value of pump irrigation water, and total income (X2) has a significant effect with a coefficient of 0.175, meaning it has a real positive influence on the economic value of pump irrigation water

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