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Topo Santoso
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Reconstruction to Prove Elements of Detrimental to State Finances in the Criminal Act of Corruption in Indonesia Firmansyah, Firmansyah; Santoso, Topo; Febrian, Febrian; Nashriana, Nashriana
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v8i3.18295

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AbstractState financial loss is one of the elements of the criminal act of corruption in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crime. The formulation of the element of detrimental to state finances in the two articles at the level of evidence still raises various obstacles because it is an obscure norm and is multi-interpretative. The results of the research show that proving that the element of detrimental to state finances in the criminal act of corruption is still understood as a formal crime so that the proof is sufficient by fulfilling the act and there is no need for consequences, whether potential loss of state finances or actual loss, the perpetrator can be convicted. After the Constitutional Court through its decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016 stated that the word "can" in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 is unconstitutional and has fundamentally changed the qualification of corruption to become a material crime, but in its application there are different views of law enforcement officials in proving that the element is detrimental to state finances, giving rise to legal uncertainty. In the upcoming reform of the criminal law of corruption, a more appropriate model of proof is to use the concept of state financial loss in the sense of the material crime. Through this concept, a new act can be seen as fulfilling the elements of a corruption crime on the condition that there must be an effect that the state loss is real and occurs (actual loss). The concept of proving state financial losses in a material sense ensures fair legal certainty.Keywords: Reconstruction, Evidence, State Financial Losses, Corruption Crime. Abstrak Kerugian keuangan negara merupakan salah satu unsur tindak pidana korupsi dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan Pasal 3 Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 1999 Jo Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Rumusan unsur merugikan keuangan negara pada kedua pasal tersebut dalam tataran pembuktian masih menimbulkan berbagai hambatan karena merupakan norma kabur dan bersifat multi tafsir. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, meskipun Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam putusannya Nomor 25/PUU-XIV/2016 telah menyatakan kata “dapat” pada kedua pasal tersebut inkonstitusional, telah merubah secara mendasar tindak pidana korupsi menjadi tindak pidana materiel, namun dalam penerapannya terdapat ketidakseragaman pandangan aparat penegak hukum dalam membuktikan unsur tersebut sehingga telah menimbukan ketidakpastian hukum. Model pembuktian yang lebih tepat adalah menggunakan konsep kerugian keuangan negara dalam arti tindak pidana materiel. Melalui konsep ini, suatu perbuatan baru bisa dipandang memenuhi unsur tindak pidana korupsi dengan syarat harus adanya akibat bahwa kerugian negara benar-benar nyata dan terjadi (actual loss). Konsep pembuktian kerugian keuangan negara dalam arti materiel lebih menjamin kepastian hukum yang adil.Kata Kunci: Rekonstruksi, Pembuktian, Kerugian Keuangan Negara, Tindak Pidana Korupsi.АннотацияФинансовые убытки государства являются одним из элементов коррупции в пункте (1) статьи 2 и в статье 3 Закона № 31 от 1999 г. в сочетании с Законом № 20 от 2001 г. Об Искоренении коррупционных преступлений. Расположение элементов, наносящих ущерб государственным финансам, в двух статьях на уровне доказательств по-прежнему создает различные препятствия, поскольку эта норма расплывчата и имеет множество толкований. Результаты исследования показывают, что доказательства элементов, которые наносят ущерб государственным финансам в преступном акте коррупции, по-прежнему понимаются как формальное преступление, так что доказательства являются достаточными путем совершения действия, и нет необходимости в последствиях, будь то потенциальный ущерб государственных финансов или фактических ущерб, виновный может быть осужден.  После того, как Конституционный суд через его решение № 25/PUU-XIV/2016 заявил, что слово «может» в статье 2 (1) и статьи 3 является неконституционным и коренным образом изменил квалификацию коррупции в материальное преступление, но в естественном применении существуют различные точки зрения сотрудников правоохранительных органов в доказательстве того, что эти элементы наносят ущерб государственным финансам , вызывая юридическую неопределенность. В рамках предстоящей реформы уголовного законодательства о коррупции более подходящей моделью доказательства является использование концепции финансовых потерь государства в смысле материального преступления. В рамках этой концепции новый закон может рассматриваться как выполнение элементов преступного коррупционного деяния при условии существования реальных и возникающих потерь государства (фактическая потеря).Ключевые Слова: Реконструкция, Доказательства, Финансовые Потери Государства, Коррупционная Преступность
INITIAL COIN OFFERINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR RAISING CAPITAL: LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS AND REGULATORY SOLUTIONS IN INDONESIA Pasaribu, Juwita Patty; Nelson, Febby Mutiara; Santoso, Topo; Ari, Fransiska
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 15, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Blockchain technology has been used in various sectors, notably in facilitating crypto asset transactions, specifically for processing an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) or token sales that were first introduced in 2013. In Indonesia, it can be observed that there are several legal issues in the execution that expose them to potential misuse in the ICO transaction, leading to criminal activities. Additionally, Indonesia was ranked as the second-highest country in the world to experience crypto asset fraud schemes in 2019. To address legal issues related to ICO, this study aims to provide a comprehensive legal assessment of ICO as a modern technology-based approach that is commonly used for raising organizational capital through the issuance of tokens. Following an analysis of the legal vulnerabilities in ICO and their impacts on the public, this study mainly proposes to regulate ICO in capital market law, which includes preventive legal measures and fundamental legal principles to protect the public. This study, using a comparative method, also explores the global prevalence and negativities associated with ICO, examines regulatory frameworks related to ICO in Switzerland and the United States, and identifies legal issues in the general use of blockchain technology, as well as emphasizes the needs of the Indonesian government’s response toin ensuring lawful legal certainty for legal actionICO, using a comparative method. Based on this assessment, it can be argued that strengthening the regulatory framework for ions of ICO, particularly in Indonesia, is crucial in preventing criminal actions related to in this transaction and ensuring legal protection as well as legal certainty for the public.
Law Enforcement of the Crime of Child Intercourse through Marriage: A Review of Islamic Law and the SDGs (Decision No. 6/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Mre) Heru Pujo Handoko; Topo Santoso; Nashriana
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 26 No. 01 (2025): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v26i01.9849

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Objective: This study aims to critically analyze the inconsistency between Indonesia’s national objectives, particularly the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the criminal law policies applied by the Public Prosecutor in cases involving sexual intercourse with minors resolved through marriage. Using Decision No. 6/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Mre as a case study, the research seeks to formulate a model for legal reconstruction grounded in Islamic law and restorative justice that ensures optimal protection for child victims. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework draws upon progressive legal theory, restorative justice theory, and child protection theory within the criminal justice system. These theories serve as a foundation for understanding the gaps between legal norms and their implementation, particularly in handling cases involving vulnerable victims like children. Literature review: The literature review explores the implementation of restorative justice in juvenile law, the prosecutorial role in minor-related offenses, and the policy discrepancies in protecting children's rights. Previous studies have often overlooked the intersection between cultural or religious practices and legal responses, especially in cases resolved through marriage rather than prosecution. Methods: Employing normative legal research methods, this study uses a legislative, conceptual, futuristic, and case approach to evaluate the legal basis and implications of resolving child sexual crimes through marriage. Results: The findings reveal that resolving such cases via marriage undermines the principles of child protection and justice. It neglects the child’s rights as emphasized in Islamic law and contradicts global commitments under the SDGs, particularly Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). The study proposes a legal reconstruction model that reinforces collaboration between law enforcement and prosecutors to uphold restorative justice while ensuring legal certainty and the best interests of the child. Implications: This research contributes novel insights into reforming Indonesia’s criminal law policy concerning children, integrating Islamic legal principles with global human rights standards. Novelty: This study offers a legal reconstruction model of restorative justice child sexual intercourse cases, which balances legal certainty and the protection of children's rights in criminal justice proceedings.
Masalah Delik Perzinahan Di Indonesia Dewasa Ini Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Masalah Prostitusi Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Pornografi Dan Hukum Pidana Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Tinjauan Terhadap UU Kejaksaan Dan Draft RUU Kejaksaan Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
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Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Pemilu Di Indonesia Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
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Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Pemilu Di Empat Negara Asia Tenggara Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
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Prospek Dan Urgensi Uji Materiil UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 Santoso, Topo
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
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Co-Authors Agus Riwanto, Agus Ahwan Ahwan Albab, Biantara Ari, Fransiska Azizah, Hanifah Eka Putra, Fariz Elwi Danil Eva Achjani Zulfa Eva Syahfitri Nasution, Eva Syahfitri Fachry Abda El Rahman Fajar Rudi Manurung Febrian Febrian Firmansyah Firmansyah Firmansyah Firmansyah Hambali Yusuf Hamonangan Albariansyah Hans Giovanny Yosua Heru Pujo Handoko M. Eka Putra Mahmud Mulyadi Mahri Hasan Marlina Marlina Marlina, Marlina Nani Mulyati Nashriana Nashriana Nashriana Nashriana, Nashriana Nasriana Nasriana Nasriana Nasriana, Nasriana Nelson, Febby Mutiara Nur Afni NurAfni NurAfni NURLAILY, NURLAILY Okpirianti, Reni Ong’eta, Wyclife Pasaribu, Juwita Patty Ramadhani, Mochamad Rizki Reni Okpirianti Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah Rosmalinda, Rosmalinda Sigid Suseno Yunus Husein Zainal Muttaqin Zin, Hakimah Muhammad