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PRICE TRANSMISSION OF SKIM MILK POWDER IN INDONESIA: DO SKIM MILK POWDER IMPORT PRICES FOLLOW THE PRICES IN NEW ZEALAND? Venty Fitriany Nurunisa; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Ratna Winandi; Bernhard Brummer
Forum Agribisnis Vol 4 No 2 (2014): FA Vol 4 No 2 September 2014
Publisher : Magister Science of Agribusiness, Department of Agribusiness, FEM-IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/fagb.4.2.171-192

The objectives of this research are i) to examine New Zealand's dairy sector and ii) to analyze the market integration and price transmission of Skim Milk Powder (SMP) of New Zealand and Indonesian market. The methods used are Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Vector Error Correction Model. The result indicates: 1) as trade partner, New Zealand is powerful due to its status as the largest dairy producer worldwide; therefore, Indonesia has less bargaining power and 2) The SMP market of both countries are integrated. The coefficient of long run equation variable indicates that every 10 percent changes of one market, the imported SMP price will adjust 10.97 percent, while the exported SMP price will adjust 9.12 percent. The loading vector coefficient indicates that Indonesia is the only party adjusting to long run disequilibrium. Policies to minimize the risks includes: i) buffer budget, ii) alternative suppliers and iii) futures trade.

Dampak Kebijakan Pajak Ekspor dan Tarif Impor terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Konsumen Kakao di Indonesia Julia Forcina Sinuraya; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Rina Oktaviani; Budiman Hutabarat
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v35n1.2017.11-31

EnglishThe government of Indonesia is currently promoting development of cocoa processing industries to increase the cocoa added value. The key policy is application of export tax and import tariff for cocoa beans that may cause a number of consequences for the farmers, exporters, and industries. The aim of this research is to analyze impacts of the export tax and import tariff policy on cocoa producers and consumers welfare, and to formulate better policy mix for improving the welfare of cocoa producers and consumer in Indonesia. This research used a simultaneous equation econometric model consisted of 20 structural equations and 9 identity equations that have been estimated using the 2SLS (Two-Staged Least Squares) method using data series of 1989–2014. The results show that the policy of abolishing the cocoa beans export tax increases the producer's welfare but decreases consumers' welfare and total government revenue. Reverse results are obtained if the applied export tax was more than 7%. Import tariff policy of cocoa beans that less than 20% has small impacts on welfare of producers and consumers, but it increases the total government revenue.IndonesianPemerintah Indonesia sedang berupaya meningkatkan nilai tambah kakao dengan mendorong berkembangnya industri pengolahan kakao. Dua kebijakan kunci ialah pengenaan pajak ekspor dan tariff impor yang diperkirakan dapat berdampak nyata bagi petani, eksportir, maupun industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan pajak ekspor dan tarif impor terhadap kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen kakao serta merumuskan kebijakan untuk perbaikan kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen kakao di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan suatu model ekonometrik persamaan simultan terdiri dari 20 persamaan struktural dan 9 persamaan identitas yang diestimasi dengan metode 2SLS (Two Stage Least Squares) menggunakan data series tahunan 1989–2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penghapusan pajak ekspor biji kakao berdampak meningkatkan kesejahteraan produsen tetapi menurunkan kesejahteraan konsumen dan total penerimaan pemerintah. Kondisi sebaliknya terjadi apabila dilakukan penerapan pajak ekspor di atas 7%. Kebijakan tarif impor biji kakao di bawah 20% memberikan dampak perubahan yang relatif kecil terhadap kesejahteraan produsen maupun konsumen akan tetapi menambah total penerimaan pemerintah.

Dampak Kebijakan Cukai Rokok terhadap Distribusi Surplus Ekonomi Industri Rokok di Indonesia Antik Suprihanti; nFN Harianto; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Reni Kustiari
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 37, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v37n1.2019.1-23

EnglishIndonesian government has applied cigarette excise tax policy on clove cigarette which impacts on the rise of cigarette price and cigarette production. Because of tobacco and clove demand are derived demand of cigarette supply, so the change on cigarette production impacts on demand of cigarettes input (tobacco and clove) and it eventually impact on the price of these commodities. The rise of cigarette excise not only impacts on economic surplus of producer and consumer of cigarettes, but also on tobacco and clove farmers. Clove cigarette encompasses hand-rolled clove cigarettes (SKT), machine-rolled clove cigarettes (SKM) and klobot cigarettes (SKB). The aim of this research was to analyze the impact of the rise of cigarette excise tax policy toward economic surplus distribution among the economic agents on Indonesian cigarette industries. This research accomodated the data series of 1990-2016 with simultaneous equation system which consisting of 36 structural equations and 25 identity equations. This model was estimated by using 2 SLS (Two-Staged Least Squares) method. The results showed that cigarette excise tax impacted on the rise of government revenue and total economic surplus negatively. The rise of excise tax impacted on negative surplus of cigarette producer decreased, negative surplus of cigarette consumer increased, and farmer surplus decreased (negative). In order to keep positive economic surplus of the farmer, the rise of SKT cigarette tax maximum should be constituted no more than 5,8%. To anticipate the loss of farmer surplus and the decrease of tobacco and clove demand ini the future, the government can use the tax revenue to develop alternative crops besides tobacco such as vegetables, intensification of tobacco as import subtitution and develop diversification of clove products for essential oil, preservatives and others.IndonesianPemerintah Indonesia telah menerapkan kenaikan tarif cukai rokok kretek yang berdampak pada kenaikan harga rokok dan produksi rokok. Oleh karena permintaan tembakau dan cengkeh merupakan permintaan turunan dari penawaran rokok, maka perubahan produksi rokok akan berdampak pada permintaan input (tembakau dan cengkeh) dan berdampak pada harga kedua komoditas tersebut. Kenaikan cukai tidak hanya berdampak pada surplus ekonomi produsen dan konsumen rokok, tetapi juga petani tembakau dan cengkeh. Industri sigaret kretek meliputi sigaret kretek tangan (SKT), sigaret kretek mesin (SKM) dan rokok klobot (SKB). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kenaikan cukai rokok terhadap distribusi surplus ekonomi di antara pelaku ekonomi pada industri rokok di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data deret waktu tahun 1990-2016 dengan sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 36 persamaan struktural dan 25 persamaan identitas, yang diestimasi menggunakan metode 2SLS (Two-Staged Least Squares). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tarif cukai rokok akan menambah penerimaan pemerintah namun berdampak negatif terhadap total surplus ekonomi. Kenaikan cukai rokok berdampak pada negatif surplus produsen rokok makin menurun, negatif surplus konsumen rokok makin meningkat dan surplus petani menjadi turun (negatif). Agar surplus ekonomi petani tetap positif, maka kenaikan tarif cukai khususnya SKT ditetapkan tidak lebih dari 5,8%. Pemerintah dapat memanfaatkan sebagian penerimaan cukai rokok untuk melakukan upaya pengembangkan alternatif tanaman lain selain tembakau seperti sayuran, intensifikasi tanaman tembakau subtitusi impor dan melakukan diversifikasi produk cengkeh sebagai minyak esensial, pengawet dan lainnya untuk mengatasi kerugian petani dan mengantisipasi turunnya permintaan tembakau dan cengkeh pada masa depan.

Dampak Kebijakan Cukai Rokok terhadap Distribusi Surplus Ekonomi Industri Rokok di Indonesia Antik Suprihanti; nFN Harianto; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Reni Kustiari
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 37, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v37n1.2019.1-23

EnglishIndonesian government has applied cigarette excise tax policy on clove cigarette which impacts on the rise of cigarette price and cigarette production. Because of tobacco and clove demand are derived demand of cigarette supply, so the change on cigarette production impacts on demand of cigarettes input (tobacco and clove) and it eventually impact on the price of these commodities. The rise of cigarette excise not only impacts on economic surplus of producer and consumer of cigarettes, but also on tobacco and clove farmers. Clove cigarette encompasses hand-rolled clove cigarettes (SKT), machine-rolled clove cigarettes (SKM) and klobot cigarettes (SKB). The aim of this research was to analyze the impact of the rise of cigarette excise tax policy toward economic surplus distribution among the economic agents on Indonesian cigarette industries. This research accomodated the data series of 1990-2016 with simultaneous equation system which consisting of 36 structural equations and 25 identity equations. This model was estimated by using 2 SLS (Two-Staged Least Squares) method. The results showed that cigarette excise tax impacted on the rise of government revenue and total economic surplus negatively. The rise of excise tax impacted on negative surplus of cigarette producer decreased, negative surplus of cigarette consumer increased, and farmer surplus decreased (negative). In order to keep positive economic surplus of the farmer, the rise of SKT cigarette tax maximum should be constituted no more than 5,8%. To anticipate the loss of farmer surplus and the decrease of tobacco and clove demand ini the future, the government can use the tax revenue to develop alternative crops besides tobacco such as vegetables, intensification of tobacco as import subtitution and develop diversification of clove products for essential oil, preservatives and others.IndonesianPemerintah Indonesia telah menerapkan kenaikan tarif cukai rokok kretek yang berdampak pada kenaikan harga rokok dan produksi rokok. Oleh karena permintaan tembakau dan cengkeh merupakan permintaan turunan dari penawaran rokok, maka perubahan produksi rokok akan berdampak pada permintaan input (tembakau dan cengkeh) dan berdampak pada harga kedua komoditas tersebut. Kenaikan cukai tidak hanya berdampak pada surplus ekonomi produsen dan konsumen rokok, tetapi juga petani tembakau dan cengkeh. Industri sigaret kretek meliputi sigaret kretek tangan (SKT), sigaret kretek mesin (SKM) dan rokok klobot (SKB). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kenaikan cukai rokok terhadap distribusi surplus ekonomi di antara pelaku ekonomi pada industri rokok di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data deret waktu tahun 1990-2016 dengan sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 36 persamaan struktural dan 25 persamaan identitas, yang diestimasi menggunakan metode 2SLS (Two-Staged Least Squares). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tarif cukai rokok akan menambah penerimaan pemerintah namun berdampak negatif terhadap total surplus ekonomi. Kenaikan cukai rokok berdampak pada negatif surplus produsen rokok makin menurun, negatif surplus konsumen rokok makin meningkat dan surplus petani menjadi turun (negatif). Agar surplus ekonomi petani tetap positif, maka kenaikan tarif cukai khususnya SKT ditetapkan tidak lebih dari 5,8%. Pemerintah dapat memanfaatkan sebagian penerimaan cukai rokok untuk melakukan upaya pengembangkan alternatif tanaman lain selain tembakau seperti sayuran, intensifikasi tanaman tembakau subtitusi impor dan melakukan diversifikasi produk cengkeh sebagai minyak esensial, pengawet dan lainnya untuk mengatasi kerugian petani dan mengantisipasi turunnya permintaan tembakau dan cengkeh pada masa depan.

Dampak Kebijakan Pajak Ekspor dan Tarif Impor terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Konsumen Kakao di Indonesia Julia Forcina Sinuraya; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Rina Oktaviani; Budiman Hutabarat
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

EnglishThe government of Indonesia is currently promoting development of cocoa processing industries to increase the cocoa added value. The key policy is application of export tax and import tariff for cocoa beans that may cause a number of consequences for the farmers, exporters, and industries. The aim of this research is to analyze impacts of the export tax and import tariff policy on cocoa producers and consumers welfare, and to formulate better policy mix for improving the welfare of cocoa producers and consumer in Indonesia. This research used a simultaneous equation econometric model consisted of 20 structural equations and 9 identity equations that have been estimated using the 2SLS (Two-Staged Least Squares) method using data series of 1989–2014. The results show that the policy of abolishing the cocoa beans export tax increases the producer's welfare but decreases consumers' welfare and total government revenue. Reverse results are obtained if the applied export tax was more than 7%. Import tariff policy of cocoa beans that less than 20% has small impacts on welfare of producers and consumers, but it increases the total government revenue.IndonesianPemerintah Indonesia sedang berupaya meningkatkan nilai tambah kakao dengan mendorong berkembangnya industri pengolahan kakao. Dua kebijakan kunci ialah pengenaan pajak ekspor dan tariff impor yang diperkirakan dapat berdampak nyata bagi petani, eksportir, maupun industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan pajak ekspor dan tarif impor terhadap kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen kakao serta merumuskan kebijakan untuk perbaikan kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen kakao di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan suatu model ekonometrik persamaan simultan terdiri dari 20 persamaan struktural dan 9 persamaan identitas yang diestimasi dengan metode 2SLS (Two Stage Least Squares) menggunakan data series tahunan 1989–2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penghapusan pajak ekspor biji kakao berdampak meningkatkan kesejahteraan produsen tetapi menurunkan kesejahteraan konsumen dan total penerimaan pemerintah. Kondisi sebaliknya terjadi apabila dilakukan penerapan pajak ekspor di atas 7%. Kebijakan tarif impor biji kakao di bawah 20% memberikan dampak perubahan yang relatif kecil terhadap kesejahteraan produsen maupun konsumen akan tetapi menambah total penerimaan pemerintah.

Dampak Faktor Eksternal terhadap Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Tebu Keprasan di Jawa Tengah Fadilla Ristya Aminda; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Anna Fariyanti
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

EnglishCentral Java Province is one of sugarcane producing centers in Indonesia and Pati is one of sugarcane producing regencies in the province. A total of 5,905 households in Pati regency conduct sugarcane farming as their primary income source. However, sugarcane farmers deal withlimited capital to adopt productivity improving technologies. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing economic decisions of sugarcane farmers in allocating working hours, production, and household’s expenditure, as well as to analyze the impact of changes in input prices, output price, credit, and sugar level on sugarcane farmer household’s welfare in Central Java. Simultaneous equation models consisting of 21 structural equations and 22 identity equations were estimated using Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. The results showed that an increase in credit, sugar price, and sugar level could compensate increases in fertilizer price and labor wage and had positive impact on farmers’ welfare. Increases in fertilizer price and labor wage could be compensated through credit, sugar price, and sugar level enhancement. It is necessary that the Government increases sugar price and ensures farmers’ access to credit. It aims to encourage farmers to adopt technology through replanting (ratoon replacement) to improve sugarcane productivity and farmers’ welfare.IndonesianJawa Tengah merupakan salah satu sentra produksi tebu di Indonesia. Salah satu kabupaten sentra produksi tebu di Jawa Tengah adalah Pati. Sebanyak 5.905 rumah tangga petani tebu di Kabupaten Pati memiliki usaha tani tebu sebagai sumber pendapatan utama. Rumah tangga petani tebu dihadapkan pada masalah keterbatasan modal sehingga kemampuan adopsi teknologi rendah dan budi daya tidak optimal. Kondisi ini berdampak pada rendahnya produktivitas dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan ekonomi rumah tangga petani tebu dalam alokasi curahan kerja, produksi, dan pengeluaran rumah tangga, serta dampak perubahan harga input, harga ouptut, kredit, dan rendemen terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani tebu. Penelitian menggunakan data cross section dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 56 rumah tangga petani tebu. Model ekonomi rumah tangga petani dibangun sebagai sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 21 persamaan struktural dan 22 persamaan identitas, lalu diestimasi menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan peningkatan harga gula, jumlah kredit, dan rendemen gula berdampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani. Peningkatan harga pupuk dan upah tenaga kerja luar keluarga mampu dikompensasi dengan peningkatan jumlah kredit, harga gula, dan rendemen gula. Pemerintah sebaiknya meningkatkan harga patokan petani dan juga memperbesar jumlah kredit yang dapat diakses petani untuk mendorong adopsi teknologi dengan melakukan peremajaan tanaman (bongkar ratoon) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan rumah tangga.

Dampak Kebijakan Domestik terhadap Ketersediaan Jagung untuk Bahan Baku Industri Pengolahan di Indonesia Veralianta Br Sebayang; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; nFN Harianto; I Ketut Kariyasa
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 37, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v37n2.2019.141-155

EnglishMaize is a strategic commodity for Indonesia. In line with the consumption pattern, the domestic demand for maize has changed from previously dominated by household consumption to presently dominated by raw material for feed and food processing industries. The maize demand of the processing industry increases rapidly, outpaced domestic production growth, that makes Indonesia must import maize in an increasing amount. This study aims to determine the impact of government policy on maize production which is the input of the maize processing industry. The analysis was conducted using an econometric simultaneous equation system model which was estimated with the two stages least squares technique using time series data of 1985-2017. The results show that the maize harvest area is negatively related with labor wage and urea price, and is positively related with the maize farm price. Maize productivity is positively related with quantity of urea fertilizer and hybrid seeds. but negatively related with composite seeds. The scenario of subsidizing urea prices and hybrid seed, raising import tariffs can increase the availability maize for processing industries as indicated by increasing domestic production and decreasing maize imports.IndonesianJagung termasuk komoditas strategis untuk Indonesia. Seiring dengan perubahan pola konsumsi, permintaan jagung dalam negeri berubah dari sebelumnya didominasi oleh konsumsi rumah tangga menjadi kini didominasi oleh bahan baku industri pengolahan pakan dan pangan. Kebutuhan jagung untuk bahan baku industri pengolahan meningkat pesat, bahkan melampaui peningkatan produksi jagung dalam negeri, sehingga Indonesia terpaksa mengimpor jagung dalam jumlah yang terus meningkat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap produksi jagung yang menjadi input industri pengolahan jagung. Metode analisis yang digunakan ialah model ekonometrika sistem persamaan simultan yang diduga dengan teknik two stages least squares memakai data deret waktu 1985-2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa luas areal panen jagung berhubungan negatif dengan upah buruh tani dan harga pupuk urea, sebaliknya, berhubungan positif terhadap harga jagung di tingkat petani. Produktivitas jagung berhubungan positif dengan volume penggunaan pupuk urea dan benih hibrida, namun berhubungan negatif dengan benih komposit. Skenario kebijakan subsidi harga pupuk urea, subsidi harga benih hibrida, dan kenaikan tarif impor dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan bahan baku industri pengolahan dan peternak mandiri sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh kenaikan produksi dalam negeri dan penurunan impor jagung.

Dampak Penurunan Tarif Impor, Investasi dan Relokasi Industri Ban Terhadap Perdagangan Karet Alam dan Ban Indonesia di Pasar Dunia Zainuddin .; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Sri Hartoyo; Erwidodo
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 13 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak penurunan tarif impor karet alam dan ban, peningkatan investasi dan relokasi industri ban dari USA, Jepang, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) ke Indonesia terhadap perdagangan karet alam dan ban Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan model sistem persamaan simultan. Deregulasi perdagangan melalui penurunan tarif impor ban telah meningkatkan ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke pasar Jepang dan RRT yang mendorong peningkatan produksi dan ekspor ban Indonesia. Kebijakan tersebut telah memberikan dampak tidak menguntungkan bagi ekspor karet alam Thailand dan Malaysia. Kombinasi antara penurunan tarif impor ban dengan tarif impor karet alam RRT memberikan dampak tidak menguntungkan terhadap produksi dan ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke pasar RRT dan tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap harga karet alam tingkat petani domestik. Selanjutnya peningkatan investasi dan relokasi industri ban dari USA, Jepang, RRT ke domestik memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan produksi dan ekspor ban Indonesia, konsumsi karet alam domestik, peningkatan produksi dan harga karet alam di tingkat petani domestik. Perubahan positif neraca perdagangan juga terjadi ketika semakin besarnya peningkatan investasi dan relokasi industri ban ke domestik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah dan asosiasi industri melakukan industrial lobbying ke negara-negara besar pelaku industri ban dunia khususnya Asia Timur dan USA dalam kerangka kerja sama PTA atau FTA. Kata Kunci: Karet Alam, Ban, Perdagangan, Sistem Persamaan Simultan Abstract This study aims to analyze the impact of the reduction in import tariff on natural rubber and tires, increase investment and relocate of tire industry from the USA, Japan, China to Indonesia to trade in natural rubber and Indonesian tires. The analysis of the Indonesian natural rubber and tires trade used simultaneous equation system models. Trade deregulation through a reduction in tire import tariff had increased Indonesia's natural rubber exports to Japanese and Chinese markets, which has encouraged to increase Indonesian tire production. However, this policy had unfavorable impact on Thailand and Malaysia's natural rubber exports. The combination of the reduction in tire import tariff and the tariff for importing Chinese natural rubber had an unfavorable impact on the production and export of Indonesian natural rubber to the Chinese market and had a weak impact on the natural rubber prices of domestic farmers.Furthermore, increased investment and relocation of the tire industry from the USA, Japan, China to Indonesia had increased Indonesian tire production and exports, domestic consumption of natural rubber, production and prices of natural rubber at the level of domestic farmers. A positive change in the trade balance also occurred when the increasing investment and relocation of the tire industry to the domestic market grew. This study recommended the government and industrial association to conduct industrial lobbying to big tire-industry players particularly in East Asia and USA under PTA and FTA Framework. Keywords: Natural Rubber, Tire, Trade and Simultaneous Equations System JEL Classification: F13, F17, Q17

The Spatial Effect of Agricultural Sector Growth in West Java: A Spatial Approach to Panel Data Adi Hadianto; Harianto Harianto; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Bagus Sartono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.27.3.332

The agricultural sector is strategic and the third-largest contributor to the GRDP of West Java Province, but its growth has slowed during the 2016–2019 period. The slow growth rate can be caused by the determinants of the growth of the agricultural sector itself and is very likely to be affected by the spatial interaction between regions in the province. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial effect between regions on the growth of the agricultural sector in West Java and identify the factors that influence the growth of the agricultural sector within the province by using spatial analysis of panel data. The results reveal that the appropriate model is a fixed effect spatial error model, which shows an effect of spatial interaction between regions on the growth of the agricultural sector in West Java Province. The factors that affect the growth of the agricultural sector are agricultural credit, agricultural road infrastructure, and diversification of economic activities. Keywords: agricultural sector growth, spatial autoregressive, spatial error model, spatial panel data

KENDALA PENERAPAN SERTIFIKASI KEBERLANJUTAN OLEH PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN EMPIRIS Limetry Liana; Hermanto Siregar; Bonar Marulitua Sinaga; Dedi Budiman Hakim
DINAMIKA PERTANIAN Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Dinamika Pertanian Edisi Agustus 2023
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/dp.2023.vol39(2).16426

Indonesian oil palm plantations, including smallholder plantations, continue to be in the spotlight and discussed in the world market, which continues to claim that the governance of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is non-sustainable. In response to this, the implementation of palm oil sustainability certification by smallholder plantations is a form of government effort to respond to related issues while increasing the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil. The method used in this study is an empirical study of 32 scientific articles through a literature review. The results of the study showed that there were several obstacles to the implementation of sustainability certification by smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia, namely: (1) low knowledge of farmers about the concept of sustainability, especially good agricultural practices; (2) low institutionalization of smallholder farmers; (3) differences in perceptions of smallholder farmers who assume sustainability certification is only for rich farmers (certification costs are expensive); and (4) no guarantee that farmers receive in implementing the principles and criteria of sustainability certification. In the future, the government needs to reformulate the rules for sustainability certification in accordance with the conditions and problems faced by smallholder farmers in Indonesia.

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