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All Journal EUGENIA JURNAL LPPM BIDANG SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI COCOS
Pemmy Tumewu
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Social Sciences

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Optimizing Shade Level to Improve Vegetative Growth and Shoot Biomass of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) in Tomohon, North Sulawes. Wanget, Sesilia Anita; Tumewu, Pemmy; Tulungen, Antje Grace; Titah, Tilda
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66743

Abstract

Eco-enzyme has been promoted as a low-cost bioactivator for converting organic residues into useful soil amendments, but comparative agronomic evidence across different waste substrates remains limited. This study evaluated eco-enzyme–assisted organic fertilizers prepared from several locally available organic wastes and assessed their effects on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and yield in Kakaskasen, Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, from April to October 2025. A pot experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications (24 experimental units). Eco-enzyme was produced by fermenting fruit peels, sugar, and water (3:1:10) for three months. Organic fertilizers were prepared using eco-enzyme alone or eco-enzyme combined with vegetable waste, fruit waste, market waste, chicken-manure waste, or household organic waste, and were incorporated into the pot medium one week before transplanting at an equivalent rate of 20 t ha⁻¹. Plant height, fruit number per plant, and fresh fruit weight per plant were measured at 100 days after transplanting and analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test at 5%. Organic-waste substrate significantly affected all measured variables. The eco-enzyme + market-waste formulation produced the tallest plants (133.37 cm), the highest fruit number (89.50 fruits plant⁻¹), and the highest mean fresh fruit weight (225.25 g plant⁻¹), markedly exceeding eco-enzyme alone (69.12 cm; 36.75 fruits plant⁻¹; 78.75 g plant⁻¹). Overall, eco-enzyme–activated market-waste fertilizer was the most effective formulation for improving chili growth and yield under the conditions of this pot experiment. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; eco-enzyme; market waste; organic fertilizer; waste valorization
Co-Authors Allan Mamahit Anni E. Tarore Antje G. Tulungen Antje Grace Tulungen Antonius R. Kuyik Arnoldus Londong Arnoldus Londong, Arnoldus Bonaventura R. Lienargo Carolus Paulus Paruntu Claudia Yudiarti Rahalus David S. Runtunuwu Doodoh, Beatrix Doortje M.F. Sumampow Edy F. Lengkong Frangky J. Paat Grace Tulungen Hestia Sualang Inkiriwang, Annatje E. B. Jelly V. Porong Jelly V. Porong, Jelly V. Johannes E. X. Rogi Keren Selia Amy Assa Lengkong, Edy Fredy Liwu, Suzanne Laura Manopo, Debora Novia Marjam Toding Meity Rantung Paula Ch. Supit Polii, Maria G. Porong, Jelie V. Raintung, Jeane S. M. Rantung, Meity R. Rantung, Meity Rosadelly Rengkung, R. M.N. Ridson Bawotong Rinny Mamarimbing Rino H.H. Katuuk Rorong, Feibe Runtunuwu, Semuel David S. David Runtunuwu saartje Sompotan Sakti Karokaro Sakti Karokaro, Sakti Sanriomi Sintaro Selvie Tumbelaka Semuel D. Runtunuwu Semuel D. Runtunuwu Sumampouw, D. M.F. Supit, Paula C. H. Tambun, Vistria Tilda Titah Tommy D. Sondakh Tommy Sondakh Tulung, Stella M. T. Tulungen, Antje Grace Walingkas, Stanley A. F. Walingkas, Walingkas Wanget, Sesilia A. Wanget, Sesilia Anita Yefta Pamandungan