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Journal : Journal of Welding Technology

Analysis of current variation and solvent flux type on microstructure and hardness of type 304 austenitic stainless steel welded by Tungsten Inert Gas welding Moh. Syaiful Amri; Mukhlis Mukhlis; Arya Triananda Kusuma
Journal of Welding Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jowt.v4i1.2948

Abstract

Stainless steel is a widely used material in various industries such as aerospace, chemical processing, and transportation. TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding has a low level of productivity compared to other welding processes. This is because the penetration is shallow and the welding efficiency is the lowest. The use of active flux can have an effect on penetration during welding, because active flux is a powder that has an oxide content in it. This study aims to determine the effect of several types of solvents, namely acetone, methanol, and ethanol for the active mixture of TiO2 flux in A-TIG (Actived – Tangsten Inert Gas) welding with a current of 150 A and 200 A on austenite stainless steel type 304 material to depth. penetration, hardness and microstructure in the weld metal, HAZ and Base Metal areas. This research was tested for hardness and metallography. The hardness test resulted that the highest value was found in the variation of solvent ethanol with a current of 200 A, which was 187.14 HVN. The macro results show that the deepest penetration is in the variation of solvent ethanol with a current of 150 A, which is 6.99 mm. The results of the microstructure that occurs in weld metal are in the form of vermicular ferrite and lathy ferrite phases which are caused by low heat input so that the cooling speed is high
Analysis of welding time on microstructure, hardness, and torque of arc stud welding process Amri, Moh. Syaiful; Mukhlis, Mukhlis; Ari, Muhammad; Wibowo, Alvalo Toto; Isworo, Annas Dwi
Journal of Welding Technology Vol 6, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jowt.v6i2.5739

Abstract

The manufacturing industry plays an important role in improving the national economy. One of the metal joining methods currently used is arc stud welding. Stud welding is used for welding bolts, which are useful for connecting parts in steel structures. This research was conducted with variations in current strength parameters of 200A, with welding times of 1, 2, and 3 seconds. The purpose of this research is to find the best parameters to determine the depth of penetration, heat-affected zone, and fusion zone of welding joints in A36 material. Macro testing results show that there are no defects such as cracks in the base metal, HAZ, or weld metal, meeting the ASME Sec. IX acceptance requirements. In addition, since the heat input remained within acceptable limits in the base metal areas of A36 and SS 304, the microtest results did not show significant changes. In the hardness test, the weld metal region obtained the highest value. The lowest average value was 192.85 HVN in the stud 1 specimen, while the highest average value was 195.37 HVN in the stud 3 specimen. The torque test shows that variations in welding time affect the torque strength; in specimen 3, it ranges from 50 Nm to 80 Nm.
Analysis of variations in the number of layers of hardfacing overlay ABREX 500 material on hardness,impact strength and microstructure with the SMAW process Amri, Moh. Syaiful; Anggara, Dika; rohmat, Imam Khoirul; Kurniyanto, Hendri Budi; Pradana, Dika Septya
Journal of Welding Technology Vol 5, No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jowt.v5i2.4286

Abstract

Hardfacing is a welding technique that functions to increase the surface hardness value of a material. Generally, hardfacing is done on low-carbon steel materials because low-carbon steel cannot be increased in hardness by heat treatment. For this reason, research will be carried out on the multilayer hardfacing process with the aim of obtaining optimal layer hardness. The methodology in this research is that multilayer hardfacing welding will be carried out consisting of 3 layers, 4 layers, and 5 layers, and each specimen has 2 buffer layer layers with E 309 electrodes for the hardfacing layer using HV 600 electrodes. This research reveals the influence of the number of layers of hardfacing on the hardness and toughness values. ABREX 500 material with a size of 150x150x10 mm was welded using the SMAW process using a current of 130 A. In this research, hardness and toughness tests were carried out. On test results. The base metal microstructure is dominated by a tempered martensite structure with a small amount of bainite and pearlite. In the structural area of the support layer, austenite and vermicular ferrite dominate. In the hardfacing layer area, austenite and vermicular ferrite, which are in dendritic form, dominate. The increase in hardness will occur significantly after hardfacing is carried out on the base metal. In a specimen, the more layers of hardfacing are added, the harder the material will be. The hardness of the specimen in 5 layers gets the most optimal value (higher) when compared with the hardness in 3 layers and 4 layers. In the 5-layer specimen, the resulting hardness value was 482.13 kgf/mm2, for the 4-layer specimen, the average value was 464.83 kgf/mm2, and in the 3-layer specimen, the hardness value was 444.13 kgf/mm2. For toughness testing, the highest toughness value was obtained, namely 1.32 (J/mm2) for the 3 layers specimen, compared to 4 layers with a toughness value of 1.25 (J/mm2) and 5 layer with a toughness value of 1.19 (J/mm2). The toughness value decreases as the hardness value increases.
Analysis of quenching temperature variations in the heat straightening processFor multiple ripair FCAW welding HSLA SM490YA material Wahyudi, Mohammad Thoriq; Amri, Moh Syaiful Amri; Ari, Muhamad; Adam, Mukhlis; Hamzah, Fais; Novaldi, Azriel Harsha
Journal of Welding Technology Vol 5, No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jowt.v5i2.4633

Abstract

In the steel structure fabrication industry, girders play a crucial role as supporting beams during construction. The girder's components include end plates and beams, with the end plate serving as a critical connection point for the beam to the column. Welding at this juncture demands careful consideration. This analytical research focuses on the impact of multiple repair welding and quenching temperatures during the heat straightening process on the toughness and microstructure of HSLA SM490YA material, utilizing FCAW welding. To assess the effects of multiple repair welding, the study compares different repair scenarios—welding without repair, two repairs, and three repairs, all performed at a 50% depth. Subsequently, the heat straightening process occurs at a temperature of 650ºC on the repaired material. Post-heat straightening, quenching is carried out with temperature variations of 650ºC, 475ºC, and 300ºC. The findings indicate that the repair process during welding and subsequent quenching after the heat straightening process leads to a decrease in toughness values. This results in a finer grain size, with the material phase predominantly composed of pearlite. These research outcomes should be carefully considered by industry professionals, particularly in critical connections, when determining quenching temperatures after the heat straightening process in repair procedures.