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Utilization of Agricultural Technology as Contextual Media in Science Learning on Sustainability and Agricultural Economics Imanuel Rano Montolalu; Shapely S. Ambalao
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 5 (2025): May
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.10778

Abstract

The agricultural sector faces challenges related to efficiency and sustainability, which can be explored in science learning to improve students' understanding of sustainability and economic concepts. Digitalization and modern agricultural technology offer a relevant context for science learning. This study examines the development of technology and digitalization in the agricultural sector, analyzes its potential as a contextual medium in science learning, and identifies challenges and opportunities for its implementation in education. The research method used is a systematic literature review by collecting data from various academic sources. The results of the study indicate that technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), automatic irrigation systems, and mobile-based applications can be used to teach science concepts such as ecosystems, energy, and environmental change in the context of agriculture. However, pedagogical strategies are needed to integrate these technologies effectively into the science curriculum. This study concludes that agricultural technology has great potential as a contextual medium in science learning, which is relevant to sustainability and agricultural economics, but requires further development in its educational approach
Trends and Dynamics of Smart Farming Research in Agricultural Education in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Analysis (2020–2025) Juniarny Waworuntu; Shapely Ambalao
Economics and Digital Business Review Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : STIE Amkop Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37531/ecotal.v7i1.3639

Abstract

Smart farming represents a transformative approach in agriculture, integrating digital technologies, automation, and data analytics to improve productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. This study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine research trends, thematic structures, and influential publications on smart farming within agricultural education in Indonesia from 2020 to 2025. Data were collected from Google Scholar using Publish or Perish and filtered to include 833 peer-reviewed journal articles, which were subsequently analyzed using VOSviewer. The analysis identified four primary thematic clusters: (1) technology-driven systems emphasizing IoT, artificial intelligence, big data, and precision agriculture; (2) capacity-building and community engagement focusing on training, extension programs, and skill development; (3) socio-behavioral and institutional factors affecting technology adoption; and (4) contextual and demographic considerations, including generational differences and situational disruptions. Citation analysis revealed that highly cited studies primarily address human resource competency development, entrepreneurship, and agricultural modernization. The findings indicate a growing research focus on technological innovation, while integration of smart farming into agricultural education curricula remains limited. This study provides insights into current research trends and highlights opportunities for pedagogical innovation and strategic integration of digital agricultural technologies in Indonesia’s agricultural education system
SOCIAL COMMERCE AND STUDENT DECISION-MAKING: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS Sahetapy, Kenneth; Ambalao, Shapely Smart
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 No. 2, Juni 2026 Release
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i02.49164

Abstract

The rapid development of social commerce has significantly transformed how individuals, particularly students, make decisions in digital environments. This study aims to synthesize existing literature on social commerce and student decision-making within educational contexts. A narrative literature review approach was employed by analyzing 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024, sourced from academic databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The selected studies were analyzed thematically to identify key determinants influencing decision-making processes. The findings reveal that trust is the most dominant factor shaping student decision-making, followed by social influence, electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), and platform characteristics. These factors interact within algorithm-driven digital environments, where user-generated content and social interactions significantly affect perception, evaluation, and behavioral intention. The study further highlights that students operate in hybrid digital ecosystems where social interaction, learning processes, and consumption behaviors intersect. As a result, decision-making is not solely an individual cognitive process but a socially mediated and technologically influenced phenomenon. This review contributes to the literature by integrating fragmented findings into a comprehensive framework that explains how social, technological, and behavioral factors collectively shape student decision-making in social commerce contexts. The study also emphasizes the importance of digital literacy and critical thinking skills in enabling students to navigate complex online environments effectively. Future research is recommended to explore algorithmic influence and cross-cultural variations in student behavior within social commerce ecosystems
Sustainable Agricultural Economics: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis Rut Normasari; Stenly Kawuwung; Shapely Ambalao
Economics and Digital Business Review Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : STIE Amkop Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37531/ecotal.v7i2.3893

Abstract

Sustainable agricultural economics has emerged as an increasingly important research field in response to global challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation, food insecurity, and resource scarcity. Despite the growing volume of scholarly publications, the existing literature remains fragmented across multiple themes, methodologies, and disciplinary perspectives, limiting comprehensive understanding of the field’s intellectual structure and future research directions. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) examine whether sustainable agricultural economics continues to be a significant area for future academic inquiry, (2) analyze the current research landscape and distribution within the field, and (3) identify key theoretical and practical implications for advancing future research. This study employs a combined Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis approach following the PRISMA 2020 framework. Data were collected from the Scopus database in May 2026 using structured keyword combinations related to agricultural economics and sustainability. Bibliometric mapping was conducted using VOSviewer to analyze publication trends, geographical distribution, institutional productivity, journal sources, authorship patterns, and keyword co-occurrence networks. Additionally, thematic analysis was applied to identify dominant research themes and emerging scholarly trends. The findings reveal that sustainable agricultural economics is a rapidly expanding and highly relevant field of academic inquiry. Publication trends demonstrate significant growth from only two publications in 1989 to 186 publications in 2025 and 161 publications in 2026. China emerged as the dominant contributor in terms of publication output and institutional productivity, while leading journals included the Journal of Environmental Management and the Journal of Cleaner Production. Thematic analysis indicates that the literature is increasingly focused on sustainable development, agricultural sustainability, economic analysis, crop production, circular economy practices, and technological innovation such as precision agriculture and digital farming systems. The study concludes that sustainable agricultural economics has evolved into a multidisciplinary and strategically important research domain integrating economic performance, environmental sustainability, technological adaptation, and social resilience. Future research should further explore sustainability governance, policy effectiveness, financial mechanisms, socio-economic inclusiveness, and climate-resilient agricultural systems to strengthen sustainable global food systems and long-term agricultural development.
Social Media Marketing as a Strategy for New Business De-velopment in Indonesia: A Narrative Review Shapely Ambalao; Kenneth Sahetapy
Economics and Digital Business Review Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : STIE Amkop Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37531/ecotal.v7i2.4038

Abstract

Purpose: This review synthesizes empirical evidence from Indonesia on how social media marketing supports new business development and identifies the capabilities and conditions that convert platform use into performance. Research Method: A narrative review covered 13 peer-reviewed empirical studies published from January 2019 to 16 June 2026. Eligible studies used primary data from Indonesian MSMEs or small businesses and linked social media adoption, use, or marketing with organizational capabilities, marketing outcomes, or business performance. Study characteristics and findings were coded in a structured matrix and synthesized thematically and comparatively. Results and Discussion: Social media consistently expands market reach, customer interaction, and low-cost promotion, but adoption alone does not ensure performance. Relational, informational, marketing, and innovation capabilities explain stronger sales, engagement, and business outcomes. Entrepreneurial orientation, owner support, platform fit, organizational readiness, and institutional pressure shape adoption, while effects differ across sectors and platforms. Implications: New businesses should manage social media as a staged market-learning system linked to customer records and transactions. Support programs should emphasize strategic content, analytics, customer management, and platform-specific skills. Originality: The review offers an Indonesia-specific synthesis and a four-stage framework connecting social media activity with discovery, validation, conversion, retention, and learning.
IMPLEMENTASI BWM–MOORA DALAM MODEL KEPUTUSAN SELEKSI PENERIMA BEASISWA BERPRESTASI Edson Yahuda Putra; Ibrena Reghuella Chrisanti; Ambalao, Shapely Smart
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 03 (2026): Volume 11 No. 03, September 2026 Processed
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i03.62437

Abstract

Scholarship selection in higher education requires a transparent procedure because candidates are evaluated through criteria with different levels of importance. This study develops a decision support model that integrates the Best–Worst Method (BWM) for criterion weighting and Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) for candidate ranking. The data comprise nine anonymized scholarship candidates evaluated using academic achievement, cumulative grade point average (GPA), and administrative completeness. In the BWM model, GPA was designated as the best criterion and administrative completeness as the worst criterion. The resulting weights were 0.2308 for academic achievement, 0.6923 for GPA, and 0.0769 for administrative completeness, with a fully consistent comparison structure. MOORA calculations were performed using the candidates’ original GPA values rather than converting them into ordinal categories. The results placed alternative A5 first with an optimization value of 0.3509, followed by A2 with 0.3464 and A6 with 0.3426. Because all candidates satisfied the administrative requirement, this criterion contributed the same value to every alternative and did not change the ranking. Sensitivity analysis showed that the top three alternatives remained stable under moderate changes in the relative weights of achievement and GPA, but the ranking changed when GPA became strongly dominant. The model provides a reproducible basis for scholarship decisions while highlighting the need to use administrative completeness as an eligibility filter and to expand substantive assessment criteria in future implementation.
CHATGPT AS A LEARNING COMPANION: NURSING STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF GENERATIVE AI IN ENGLISH FOR NURSING PURPOSES USING PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH Grace Fresania Kaparang; Stephanie Tauran; Shapely Ambalao
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6658

Abstract

Abstract: This study explored nursing students’ perceptions of using ChatGPT in learning English for Nursing Purposes at Universitas Klabat. As English proficiency is essential for understanding medical terminology, academic nursing literature, clinical documentation, and patient communication, nursing students need language support that is relevant to their professional field. This study employed a qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach to understand students’ lived experiences with ChatGPT as an AI-assisted learning tool. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nursing students who had experience using ChatGPT for English learning activities. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework. The findings revealed four major themes from 8 informants interview. First, students experienced ChatGPT as an accessible learning companion that supported their understanding of nursing vocabulary, medical terminology, English articles, grammar, academic writing, and patient communication. Second, ChatGPT provided efficiency and empowerment by helping students access information quickly, complete academic tasks more easily, and increase their confidence in using English. Third, students recognized limitations and risks, including inaccurate responses, inappropriate translations, fabricated references, technical constraints, and possible dependence on AI. Fourth, students developed a more critical and responsible approach by verifying AI-generated information, using trusted references, improving prompt quality, and avoiding direct copy-paste practices. Overall, the study concludes that ChatGPT can be a useful supplementary tool for learning English in nursing education when used critically, ethically, and in combination with reliable academic sources. Keywords: ChatGPT, English for Nursing Purposes, nursing students, artificial intelligence, phenomenology, English language learning Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi mahasiswa keperawatan terhadap penggunaan ChatGPT dalam pembelajaran English for Nursing Purposes di Universitas Klabat. Kemampuan berbahasa Inggris sangat penting bagi mahasiswa keperawatan karena berkaitan dengan pemahaman istilah medis, literatur akademik keperawatan, dokumentasi klinis, serta komunikasi dengan pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk memahami pengalaman hidup mahasiswa dalam menggunakan ChatGPT sebagai alat bantu pembelajaran berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan mahasiswa keperawatan yang memiliki pengalaman menggunakan ChatGPT dalam kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik berdasarkan enam tahapan Braun dan Clarke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat tema utama. Pertama, mahasiswa memandang ChatGPT sebagai pendamping belajar yang mudah diakses, terutama dalam memahami kosakata keperawatan, istilah medis, artikel berbahasa Inggris, tata bahasa, penulisan akademik, dan persiapan komunikasi dengan pasien. Kedua, ChatGPT memberikan efisiensi dan pemberdayaan karena membantu mahasiswa memperoleh informasi dengan cepat, menyelesaikan tugas akademik dengan lebih mudah, dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Ketiga, mahasiswa menyadari adanya keterbatasan dan risiko, seperti jawaban yang kurang akurat, terjemahan yang tidak sesuai, referensi yang tidak dapat ditemukan, kendala teknis, serta kemungkinan ketergantungan pada AI. Keempat, mahasiswa mengembangkan penggunaan ChatGPT yang lebih kritis dan bertanggung jawab melalui verifikasi informasi, penggunaan sumber terpercaya, penyusunan prompt yang lebih jelas, dan menghindari praktik menyalin jawaban secara langsung. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ChatGPT dapat menjadi alat bantu tambahan yang bermanfaat dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris keperawatan apabila digunakan secara kritis, etis, dan dikombinasikan dengan sumber akademik yang terpercaya. Kata kunci: ChatGPT, English for Nursing Purposes, mahasiswa keperawatan, kecerdasan buatan, fenomenologi, pembelajaran bahasa Inggris
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE RESEARCH IN SUPPORTING THE BIOECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Rut Normasari; Shapely Ambalao
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6702

Abstract

Abstract: Plant tissue culture is a foundational plant biotechnology approach with applications in micropropagation, clean planting material production, germplasm conservation, and biotechnology-based agribusiness. This article reports a bibliometric analysis of plant tissue culture and micropropagation literature connected with economic, commercialization, and bioeconomy-related terms. The Scopus search identified 1,048 records. Sequential eligibility screening excluded 414 non-article document types, 58 non-English records, and 23 non-journal source records, resulting in 553 English-language journal articles for analysis. The corpus covered 1973–2026, with publication output peaking at 71 documents in 2025; the 2026 count of 25 was partial at the time of export. Plant Disease was the leading source with 33 documents. China (119), India (77), the United States (57), Brazil (42), and Iran (22) were the most productive countries. Garibaldi, A. and Gullino, M. L. each contributed five documents, while the National Natural Science Foundation of China supported 38 documents. Author keyword analysis confirmed that micropropagation, plant tissue culture, tissue culture, medicinal plant, somatic embryogenesis, plant growth regulators, and somaclonal variation were the dominant concepts. The findings show growing research activity but also demonstrate that the broad Scopus query retrieves a field-level corpus extending beyond narrowly defined tissue-culture and bioeconomy studies. However, explicit bioeconomy, green economy, and agribusiness terminology remained rare, indicating that the economic contribution of plant tissue culture is more often framed through commercialization, economic value, propagation efficiency, and crop-specific applications than through bioeconomy policy language. The study suggests that future research should integrate plant tissue culture protocols with cost analysis, value-chain studies, certification systems, nursery economics, and farmer adoption research. Keywords: plant tissue culture; micropropagation; bibliometric analysis; bioeconomy; commercialization; sustainable agriculture; Scopus   Abstrak: Kultur jaringan tanaman merupakan pendekatan bioteknologi tanaman yang fundamental dengan penerapan dalam mikropropagasi, produksi bahan tanam bersih, konservasi plasma nutfah, dan agribisnis berbasis bioteknologi. Artikel ini melaporkan analisis bibliometrik terhadap literatur kultur jaringan tanaman dan mikropropagasi yang berkaitan dengan istilah-istilah ekonomi, komersialisasi, dan bioekonomi. Pencarian di Scopus mengidentifikasi 1.048 rekaman. Penyaringan kelayakan secara bertahap mengecualikan 414 dokumen yang bukan artikel, 58 rekaman yang bukan berbahasa Inggris, dan 23 rekaman yang bukan berasal dari jurnal, sehingga menghasilkan 553 artikel jurnal berbahasa Inggris untuk dianalisis. Korpus data mencakup rentang waktu 1973–2026, dengan jumlah publikasi mencapai puncaknya sebanyak 71 dokumen pada tahun 2025; jumlah 25 dokumen pada tahun 2026 merupakan data parsial pada saat ekspor data dilakukan. *Plant Disease* merupakan sumber publikasi utama dengan 33 dokumen. Tiongkok (119), India (77), Amerika Serikat (57), Brasil (42), dan Iran (22) adalah negara-negara paling produktif. Garibaldi, A. dan Gullino, M. L. masing-masing berkontribusi lima dokumen, sementara *National Natural Science Foundation of China* mendukung 38 dokumen. Analisis kata kunci penulis mengonfirmasi bahwa mikropropagasi, kultur jaringan tanaman, kultur jaringan, tanaman obat, embriogenesis somatik, zat pengatur tumbuh tanaman, dan variasi somaklonal merupakan konsep-konsep yang dominan. Temuan ini menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas penelitian, namun juga memperlihatkan bahwa kueri Scopus yang luas menghasilkan korpus tingkat bidang yang melampaui batasan studi kultur jaringan dan bioekonomi yang sempit. Akan tetapi, penggunaan istilah eksplisit terkait bioekonomi, ekonomi hijau, dan agribisnis masih jarang ditemukan; hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kontribusi ekonomi kultur jaringan tanaman lebih sering dibahas melalui aspek komersialisasi, nilai ekonomi, efisiensi propagasi, dan penerapan spesifik tanaman dibandingkan melalui bahasa kebijakan bioekonomi. Studi ini menyarankan agar penelitian di masa mendatang mengintegrasikan protokol kultur jaringan tanaman dengan analisis biaya, studi rantai nilai, sistem sertifikasi, ekonomi pembibitan, dan penelitian mengenai adopsi oleh petani. Kata kunci: kultur jaringan tanaman; mikropropagasi; analisis bibliometrik; bioekonomi; komersialisasi; pertanian berkelanjutan; Scopus
MARKETING AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITIES IN NURSE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A SCOPUS-BASED SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Shapely Ambalao; Grace Fresania Kaparang; Michelle Sambuaga
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6818

Abstract

Abstract: Nurse entrepreneurship has long been discussed as a response to healthcare service gaps, professional autonomy, and new forms of care delivery. However, the evidence remains fragmented across practice reports, historical accounts, qualitative studies, and educational reviews, while market-facing and business-development capabilities are rarely synthesized as an integrated construct. This review maps the development of Scopus-indexed nurse entrepreneurship research and synthesizes the marketing and business development capabilities associated with venture creation, legitimacy, commercialization, and sustainability. A Scopus-based systematic literature review was reported using PRISMA 2020 and informed by SPAR-4-SLR. Inclusion criteria were English language, nursing context, and article document type. Twenty-two articles published from 1985 to 2025 were included in bibliometric analysis; 17 records with usable abstracts supported thematic coding. Keyword co-occurrence was examined using full counting and a minimum occurrence threshold of two. Six empirical or review reports were provisionally appraised using design-appropriate JBI tools. The corpus received 116 Scopus citations and was distributed across 18 sources. Healthcare marketing (18 occurrences; total link strength [TLS] = 103), nursing services (15; TLS = 80), entrepreneurship (14; TLS = 77), professional practice (13; TLS = 69), and financial management (12; TLS = 61) formed the conceptual core. Network analysis produced two broad clusters: a market-operational cluster and an entrepreneurial-professional-development cluster. Overlay visualization indicated a transition from private practice, financial management, and service promotion toward leadership, professional competence, communication, and sustainable value. Five capability domains were synthesized: market sensing and opportunity recognition; marketing communication, positioning, and trust; business planning and financial management; networking, partnerships, and referrals; and service innovation and commercialization. Nurse entrepreneurship research recognizes many practical business activities but has not yet developed a cumulative, theory-driven capability model. Future research should measure capability configurations and link them to patient trust, service adoption, financial viability, growth, and social value. Keywords: business development; entrepreneurial nursing; nurse entrepreneurship; marketing capabilities   Abstrak: Kewirausahaan perawat telah lama dibahas sebagai respons terhadap kesenjangan layanan kesehatan, otonomi profesional, dan bentuk-bentuk baru pemberian layanan kesehatan. Namun, bukti-bukti yang ada masih tersebar dalam laporan praktik, catatan sejarah, studi kualitatif, dan tinjauan pendidikan, sementara kemampuan yang berorientasi pada pasar dan pengembangan bisnis jarang disintesis sebagai sebuah konstruk yang terintegrasi. Tinjauan ini memetakan perkembangan penelitian kewirausahaan perawat yang terindeks Scopus serta menyintesis kemampuan pemasaran dan pengembangan bisnis yang terkait dengan pembentukan usaha, legitimasi, komersialisasi, dan keberlanjutan. Tinjauan pustaka sistematis berbasis Scopus ini dilaporkan menggunakan pedoman PRISMA 2020 dan kerangka SPAR-4-SLR. Kriteria inklusi mencakup penggunaan bahasa Inggris, konteks keperawatan, dan jenis dokumen artikel. Sebanyak dua puluh dua artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1985 hingga 2025 disertakan dalam analisis bibliometrik; 17 rekaman dengan abstrak yang dapat digunakan mendukung proses pengodean tematik. Ko-okurensi kata kunci diperiksa menggunakan metode full counting dengan ambang batas kemunculan minimal dua kali. Enam laporan empiris atau tinjauan dinilai secara awal menggunakan instrumen JBI yang sesuai dengan desain penelitian. Kumpulan literatur ini memperoleh 116 sitasi Scopus dan tersebar di 18 sumber publikasi. Pemasaran layanan kesehatan (18 kemunculan; total kekuatan tautan [TLS] = 103), layanan keperawatan (15; TLS = 80), kewirausahaan (14; TLS = 77), praktik profesional (13; TLS = 69), dan manajemen keuangan (12; TLS = 61) membentuk inti konseptual. Analisis jaringan menghasilkan dua klaster besar: klaster operasional-pasar dan klaster pengembangan profesional-kewirausahaan. Visualisasi overlay menunjukkan adanya transisi dari praktik mandiri, manajemen keuangan, dan promosi layanan menuju kepemimpinan, kompetensi profesional, komunikasi, dan nilai berkelanjutan. Lima domain kemampuan disintesis: pemahaman pasar dan pengenalan peluang; komunikasi pemasaran, pemosisian, dan kepercayaan; perencanaan bisnis dan manajemen keuangan; jejaring, kemitraan, dan rujukan; serta inovasi layanan dan komersialisasi. Penelitian kewirausahaan perawat mengakui berbagai aktivitas bisnis praktis namun belum mengembangkan model kemampuan yang bersifat kumulatif dan berbasis teori. Penelitian di masa depan sebaiknya mengukur konfigurasi kemampuan dan mengaitkannya dengan kepercayaan pasien, adopsi layanan, kelayakan finansial, pertumbuhan, dan nilai sosial. Kata kunci: pengembangan bisnis; keperawatan kewirausahaan; kewirausahaan perawat; kemampuan pemasaran