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Journal : Jurnal Geografi

Comparison of Orthomosaic Accuracy Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Radio and RTK NTRIP in Padang City, West Sumatra Ismail, Muhammad; Wijayanto, Bayu; Sandra, Randi Proska; Prihantarto, Wikan Jaya; Maiyenti, Elisa; Sriharta, M; Fitrian, Rahmat; Putri, Mutiara Amelia
JURNAL GEOGRAFI Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL GEOGRAFI
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jg.v17i2.68287

Abstract

UAVs with RTK technology offer high-accuracy aerial mapping, with RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP as two correction methods affecting orthomosaic precision. While previous studies compared these methods in terrestrial surveys, their impact on UAV-based orthomosaics remains underexplored. This research evaluates and compares the accuracy of UAV-derived orthomosaics using RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP to provide practical guidance for optimal mapping applications. This research combined UAV RTK photogrammetry and GIS to produce high-precision aerial maps in two areas of Padang City with different topographies. Data were collected using DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise RTK with RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP techniques, supported by GCPs, BMs, and satellite imagery, then processed into orthomosaics for analysis. Accuracy was assessed using ICPs and statistical measures like RMSE to compare the spatial precision of both correction methods under varying terrain conditions. The results show a difference in mapping accuracy between RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP aerial photographs, with RTK Radio achieving 0.683 accuracy and 0.450 RMSE, while RTK NTRIP reached 0.563 accuracy and 0.371 RMSE. RTK Radio is more suitable for areas lacking CORS access but still requires GCP verification. RTK NTRIP performs better in urban areas with strong CORS networks. Combining both methods with adequate GCPs provides an effective solution for mapping in varied or densely vegetated terrains.
Public Perceptions on Land Use Change and Flood Incidence in the Kendal Watershed Area Benardi, Andi Irwan; Rahman, Atta-Ur; Liesnoor Setyowati, Dewi; Gustiyansyah Selebes, Adrian; Gerar Yametis, Joshua Vincent; Wijayanto, Bayu; Adi Wibowo, Novika; Zulfi Al'Ghani , Muhammad
JURNAL GEOGRAFI Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL GEOGRAFI
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jg.v18i1.68020

Abstract

Uncontrolled land-use changes driven by rapid population growth and expanding residential development have significantly heightened flood risk in the Kendal Watershed, Kendal District. The conversion of agricultural and open land into built-up areas has altered hydrological processes, reducing water infiltration capacity and increasing surface runoff. This study aims to (1) identify spatial and temporal land-use changes from 2017 to 2025, (2) analyze public perceptions regarding land conversion and flooding, and (3) assess the resulting social and environmental impacts within the watershed area. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery with primary data collected through Likert-scale questionnaires administered to 96 respondents residing in flood-prone areas. The results indicate a substantial decline in rice field areas by 44.19 hectares, accompanied by a notable increase in residential land of 36.12 hectares over the study period. Community perceptions reveal that these land-use changes have contributed to increased flood frequency, greater flood intensity, and longer inundation duration. The observed social impacts include disruptions to daily activities, reduced access to clean water, economic losses, and a higher incidence of waterborne and skin-related diseases. Environmental impacts are reflected in declining sanitation conditions, increased waste accumulation, river sedimentation, and persistent water pollution. These findings underscore the urgent need for stricter land-use regulation, restoration of green and infiltration areas, and adaptive, sustainable spatial planning to reduce flood risk and enhance community resilience in the Kendal Watershed