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Pre-selection of Globular Clusters for Detecting Intermediate-Mass Black Holes via Microlensing Zahra, Fatimah; Jaelani, Anton Timur
Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, Volume 11 Issue 1, April 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Fisika Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/SPEKTRA.111.02

Abstract

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are the key to understanding the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are typically found in centers of massive galaxies. In general definition, IMBHs are black holes masses ranging from 102 M⨀ to 105 M⨀. Black hole seeding theory suggests that IMBHs formed at high redshifts (z ≥ 0) through gravitational collapse of Population III stars, direct collapse of protogalaxy clouds, or stellar collisions inside high-density clusters. These IMBHs evolve into SMBHs through accretion and mergers. However, not all of these IMBHs are successful in forming SMBHs. Those that fail are hypothesized to be observable in the local universe, particularly in globular clusters and dwarf galaxies. IMBHs have yet to be definitively detected, however several strong candidates have been located in the cores of globular clusters. This study describes the preliminary selection stage of globular cluster candidates with the aim to look further into the possibility of detecting IMBHs via microlensing. The selection process was based on several physical properties of the globular clusters including mass, metallicity, and central velocity dispersion. Since background star density strongly affects microlensing detection probability, we restricted the sample to clusters located in the direction of the Galactic center. We utilized Gaia DR3 data to estimate background star density for selected globular clusters using proper motion filtering and Theil-Sen regression method. These estimates provide the foundation for further subsequent simulations of microlensing detection probabilities associated with central IMBHs.
EVALUASI PROGRAM LATIHAN ATLETIK PADA ATLET LARI JARAK JAUH Zahra, fatimah; Tarigan, Irfandi; Immanuel, Joy; Pratama, Bina
Jurnal IKA PGSD (Ikatan Alumni PGSD) UNARS Vol 16 No 2 (2025): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Abdurachman Saleh Situbondo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36841/pgsdunars.v16i2.8139

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the athletic training program for long-distance runners to determine the effectiveness of its implementation in improving athlete performance. The research method used is descriptive evaluative with a mixed methods approach. The research subjects consisted of long-distance running athletes who are members of a club or team. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, and physical fitness tests such as endurance and VO2max. Data analysis employed the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The results showed that the training program has been implemented fairly well; however, several weaknesses were identified, including the lack of training variation, suboptimal application of periodization principles, and limitations in the use of performance measurement tools. Nevertheless, the program was able to improve athletes’ endurance, although the improvement was not evenly distributed among all athletes. Therefore, continuous evaluation and more systematic development of training programs are needed to optimize athlete performance.