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Predictive Modeling of Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies in Kalimantan Basins: Bridging the GRACE and GRACE-FO Data Gap with Extreme Gradient Boosting Safira, Rizka Amelia Dwi; Anjasmara, Ira Mutiara; Awange, Joseph L.
GEOID Vol. 19 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Geomatika ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/geoid.v19i3.2329

Abstract

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly has been a robust indicator in predicting and monitoring hydrometeorological hazards and sustainable water resources management to comprehend the water dynamics on Earth. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite identifies this change by heeding the Earth’s mass anomalies since 2002. However, due to an 11-month data gap before the operation of GRACE-FO, continuous investigation using GRACE has been challenging. This study employed an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to reconstruct GRACE TWS anomaly by integrating the hydroclimatic variables from Noah surface models over a span of approximately 20 years, focusing on five Kalimantan basins. The testing set was evaluated using three statistical metrics, resulting in a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.943, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.887, and scaled root-mean-square error (RMSE*) of 0.337. This approach effectively addresses the research gap in utilizing the GRACE product in an archipelago state such as Indonesia and offers an efficient method for reconstructing TWS anomalies for various hydrological systems at the local scale.
Multi-Temporal Identification and Analysis of Land Surface Deformation with Land Use Land Cover in Makassar City Hamzah, Suharman; Wijayanti, Regita Faridatunisa; Anjasmara, Ira Mutiara; Sabri, Laode M; Osman, Anas
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 9, NUMBER 1, APRIL 2026
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v9i1.23368

Abstract

Rapid urbanization heightens the risk of land subsidence in Makassar City. Aim: This study analyzes and maps land surface deformation alongside Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics from 2020–2024. Methodology and Results by integrating multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR (VV polarization) and supervised LULC classification from Landsat-8 on the Google Earth Engine platform. Annual LULC maps were produced using an SVM, yielding high accuracy (Kappa 0.893–0.988). Built-up land expanded mainly at the expense of vegetation and bare land. Deformation was inferred from temporal differences in VV backscatter (VV_diff); statistics were computed for each class. Negative VV_diff values were frequently observed in built-up and bareland areas, indicating subsidence. Significant interannual variability was observed in 2023-2024, particularly within the vegetation zones. Linear regression confirmed a strong negative deformation trend in built-up areas (slope −0.0123 dB/year). These results demonstrate a linkage between urban expansion and ground deformation. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The approach provides a repeatable and cost-effective framework for continuous subsidence monitoring using open satellite data. GEE facilitates the open replication of workflows. The findings contribute to the field of urban planning and policy by identifying vulnerable zones, promoting risk-aware land allocation, infrastructure maintenance, and sustainable development methods for Indonesian coastal megacities and other rapidly expanding metropolitan areas.