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All Journal E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya MEDISAINS Universa Medicina Paediatrica Indonesiana Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Medical and Health Journal Linggamas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Qodri Santosa, Qodri
FK UNSOED
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Stunting severity and developmental outcomes in early childhood in Central Java, Indonesia Santosa, Qodri; Hapsari, Ariadne Tiara; Agustina, Nenden Nursyamsi; Oliviany, Windy; Roestijawati, Nendyah; Muntafiah, Alfi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 65 No. 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Stunting in early childhood remains a critical global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Indonesia. Defined by height-for-age below -2 standard deviations from the WHO growth standards, stunting indicates chronic malnutrition and is linked to impaired developmental outcomes, including cognitive and motor delays. Objective  To elucidate the specific areas of development most affected by stunting and to identify potential sociodemographic and health-related factors that may contribute to the observed developmental disparities among these children. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Central Java, Indonesia, involving 144 stunted children. Stunting severity was categorized as stunted or severely stunted. Standardized anthropometric measurements and developmental assessments using the Denver II tool were performed, focusing on four domains: personal-social interaction, fine motor skills, language acquisition, and gross motor skills. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results Children in the severely stunted group exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of fine motor delays compared to the stunted group (17.0% vs. 4.1%, respectively; P=0.013). No significant differences were observed in other developmental areas. Sociodemographic and health factors were comparable across both groups. Conclusion  Severe stunting is significantly associated with delayed fine motor development. Furthermore, as sociodemographic and health factors are comparable across groups, these findings underscore the urgency of implementing targeted nutritional interventions and routine developmental monitoring to mitigate the adverse effects of stunting on early childhood growth and development.
Co-Authors Ag Soemantri Agus Fitrianto, Agus Agustina, Nenden Nursyamsi Alfi Muntafiah Andreanetta, Prisca Tiffany Ariadne Tiara Hapsari Arifah, Kurniawati Dwi Utami Anjarwati Edy Priyanto Fadlilah, Synta Haqqul Hafiidhaturrahmah, Hafiidhaturrahmah Joko Setyono Lantip Rujito Maulena, Ufik Mujiburrahman, Husnan Naufalin, Rafa Nendyah Roestijawati Nendyah Roestijawati Nor Sri Inayati, Nor Sri Oliviany, Windy Pratidina, Wening Gelar Sakina, Ghaida Salsabila, Sabrina Dhia Soeharyo Hadisaputro Soejoenoes, Ariawan Susilarto, Aris Dwi Syamsiedi, Naluri Widyaningsih Vitasari Indriani Widodo, Yundandhika Rizki Windiya, Fajar Wiwiek Fatchurohmah, Wiwiek