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The Effect of Government Expenditure and GRDP Per Capita on Income Inequality Igo Meyfin Arlantarik; Deky Aji Suseno
Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/fjxrjc46

Abstract

The high condition of income inequality in Yogyakarta (DIY) among other provinces in Indonesia indicates that based on the Kuznets hypothesis, the increase in per capita income has not been able to overcome inequality. We found a previous study that government expenditure could reduce income inequality. At the same time, Keynesian states that forming national income is government expenditure. Exciting phenomena have directed this study to determine the effect of government expenditure on GRDP per capita and the impact of these variables on income inequality, using district/city level data in the DIY province for 2012-2021 with panel data analysis. The study also analyzes the indirect effect of government expenditure on income inequality through per capita GRDP using the Sobel test. The finding shows that government expenditure and GRDP per capita affect inequality. At the same time, Indirect effect analysis finds that government expenditure affects inequality through per capita income.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITY AND CAPITAL ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS IN DISTRICS/CITIES OF WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE 2017-2021 Puspitasari, Sava Amanda; Deky Aji Suseno
Business and Economic Analysis Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/beaj.v5i2.b1097h02

Abstract

The inequality in education and health infrastructure has resulted in human development indicators not being achieved optimally. Infrastructure and spending in the education and health sectors have increased but the average length of schooling and life expectancy are low, while GRDP per capita tends to decrease from 2017 to 2021. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of infrastructure inequality and government spending on education and health on human development. The results of the analysis show that the panel data regression estimation. In equation I, infrastructure inequality and education spending partially affect the average years of schooling. In equation II, health spending and health infrastructure inequality partially affect life expectancy. In equation III, education infrastructure inequality and life expectancy partially negatively affect GRDP per capita. Education and health expenditure, average years of schooling, and health infrastructure inequality partially have no effect on GRDP per capita. Suggestions that researchers provide based on the results of the study are to build equitable education and health infrastructure according to community needs. Effective and efficient use of education and health expenditure budgets according to community needs.
Regional Segmentation Based on the Level of Digitalization of MSMEs in Indonesia Puspita, Antradiva Oktaviola; Pitaloka, Dynda Aisyah Dyah; Suseno, Deky Aji
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): December Volume
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/ijeass.v5i2.3419

Abstract

Digitalization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) plays a vital role in enhancing national and international competitiveness. This study aims to conduct regional segmentation in 34 provinces in Indonesia based on several indicators of the level of digitalization of MSMEs. This research is a quantitative study and an analytical descriptive approach that uses analysis techniques (K-means cluster) to map the distribution of MSMEs in Indonesia. Data pre-processing by standardizing data (z-score) to overcome differences in units of measurement. The type of data used is secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Indonesian Payment System Association. The study identifies three clusters with different characteristics. The first cluster, comprising West Java, Central Java, and East Java, shows advanced MSMEs digitalization.  The second cluster consists of 30 provinces with a developing level of MSMEs digitization. The third cluster is occupied by Papua, which shows lagging MSMEs' digitalization. This research focuses on the uneven digitization of MSMEs by limiting the scope of research to 34 provinces in Indonesia, then does not include analysis of development in time series, financial aspects, or the impact of government policies on the development of MSMEs. The originality of this research lies in the use of 34 research objects in Indonesia in 2023 by applying non-hierarchical K-Means clustering analysis. The analysis in this study uses indicators including the distribution of MSMEs, the number of workers in the e-commerce sector, the number of e-commerce businesses, the level of QRIS adoption, and the use of social media.