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Standards for conducting legal due diligence: Current developments: Standar dalam melakukan uji tuntas hukum: Perkembangan saat ini Multazam, Mochammad Tanzil; Phahlevy, Rifqi Ridlo; Huzairin, Regita Amanah; Purnama, Melati Indah
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 15 (2022): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (33.753 KB) | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v15i0.762

Abstract

This study aims to provide an overview of current legal due diligence standards. So that it can be an answer to the various due diligence models used in previous studies. This research is a desk research, with literature sourced from the lens.org database and garuda.kemdikbud.go.id for scientific articles, and book.google.com for books. The result of this research is that legal due diligence has the same objective as legal audit, namely risk mitigation. The absence of standards for legal due diligence in general, can be filled with existing standards in legal audits, except for legal due diligence conducted by stock market legal consultants within the scope of the stock market. Because they already have special standards set by their association. The results of this research are expected to facilitate legal practice in conducting legal due diligence in the future. Highlights: Legal due diligence and legal audit share the same objective of risk mitigation. Existing standards in legal audits can be used to fill the absence of standards for legal due diligence. Stock market legal consultants have special standards set by their association for conducting legal due diligence within the scope of the stock market. Keywords: legal due diligence; legal audits; legal profession; law consultant; legal education
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST DEEPFAKE PORN AI Putra , Guntur Permana; Multazam, Mochammad Tanzil
Journal of Contemporary Business Law & Technology: Cyber Law, Blockchain, and Legal Innovations Vol. 1 No. 9 (2024): Journal of Contemporary Business Law & Technology: Cyber Law, Blockchain, and L
Publisher : Antis Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ejcblt.v1i9.1015

Abstract

General Background: As technological advancements continue to evolve, the proliferation of AI tools raises significant ethical and legal concerns, particularly regarding their misuse in creating deepfake pornography. Specific Background: This phenomenon poses serious risks to individuals, especially social media users and public figures who may fall victim to manipulated content that is shared maliciously. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing awareness, there is insufficient exploration of the legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms addressing deepfake-related offenses, particularly in the context of Indonesia. Aims: This research seeks to analyze law enforcement strategies against Deepfake Porn AI cases and the implications for victims of AI misuse. Results: Employing a normative juridical methodology, this study reviews primary legislation—including the ITE Law, Pornography Law, Copyright Law, and the New Criminal Code—as well as relevant secondary sources. The findings indicate that while existing laws provide some recourse, there is a critical need for better enforcement and legal clarity. Novelty: This research highlights the unique challenges posed by deepfake technology and proposes reforms to existing legal frameworks to enhance protection for victims. Implications: The recommendations advocate for improved criminal complaint mechanisms and civil lawsuit avenues for victims, alongside a call for progressive legal reforms governing Artificial Intelligence to effectively address the evolving landscape of digital misuse and ensure justice for affected individuals.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF VIOLATION OF PRIVACY RIGHTS BY SHOPEE EXPRESS COURIERS WHEN PHOTOGRAPHING CONSUMERS AS PROOF OF RECEIPT OF GOOD Wulandari , Shofia Eka Putri; Multazam, Mochammad Tanzil
Journal of Contemporary Business Law & Technology: Cyber Law, Blockchain, and Legal Innovations Vol. 1 No. 9 (2024): Journal of Contemporary Business Law & Technology: Cyber Law, Blockchain, and L
Publisher : Antis Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ejcblt.v1i9.1017

Abstract

General Background: The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has brought to light critical issues regarding privacy rights, particularly in the context of delivery services. Specific Background: This research specifically addresses the actions of Shopee Express couriers who take photos of package recipients without their consent, raising significant concerns regarding personal data protection and privacy violations. Knowledge Gap: Despite the existence of laws aimed at protecting personal data, there is insufficient analysis of how these laws apply to courier practices in e-commerce. Aims: The study aims to examine the legal implications of these privacy violations and the adequacy of existing regulations in safeguarding consumer rights. Results: Utilizing a normative juridical methodology with a statutory approach, the findings indicate that such actions contravene multiple Indonesian laws, including the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 8 of 1999, and various governmental regulations concerning data protection. Novelty: This research adds to the existing literature by highlighting the intersection of e-commerce practices and privacy law, emphasizing the need for more robust legal frameworks. Implications: The findings suggest that enhanced policies and stricter law enforcement are necessary to protect consumer privacy rights effectively and maintain public trust in Shopee Express services. Potential sanctions for couriers include warnings and civil lawsuits, reinforcing the importance of accountability in the delivery sector.
Legal Ambiguity of the Able Requirement for a Husband to Practice Polygamy in Indonesia: Ketidakjelasan Hukum tentang Persyaratan yang Mampu bagi Seorang Suami untuk Melakukan Poligami di Indonesia Fahmi Shahab; Moch Tanzil Multazam
Academia Open Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.4146

Abstract

This study examines the meaning of "mampu" or "ability" in Article 5 Paragraph 1 letter (b) of Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage, which serves as a requirement for a husband to practice polygamy in Indonesia. Through a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, the study finds that "mampu" refers to the husband's ability to provide for the needs of his wives and children, including clothing, shelter, and food, based on his income and monthly expenses during his previous marriage. The research emphasizes that "mampu" is a prerequisite for husbands to practice polygamy, ensuring that they can fulfill the needs of all their wives and children while providing legal protection for their first wife and children. Highlights: Study analyzes criteria for polygamy in Indonesia. Husband's ability to provide for family is a key factor. Legal research and deductive methods used for analysis. Keyword: Polygamy in Indonesia, Able requirement, Legal ambiguity, Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage, Normative legal research
Broadcasting Regulation Shift From Authoritarian Control To Digital Disparity: Pergeseran Regulasi Penyiaran dari Pengawasan Otoriter ke Ketimpangan Digital Yinta Syifaudiana Yulianti; M Tanzil Multazam
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.11826

Abstract

General Background: Broadcasting systems function as central institutions for disseminating information, shaping public discourse, and reflecting societal values within political and technological contexts. Specific Background: Indonesia’s broadcasting landscape has undergone major regulatory transformation from the New Order’s centralized control to the Reform era’s democratization, decentralization, and expansion of private and local media institutions. Knowledge Gap: Despite these transitions, existing legal frameworks have not kept pace with rapid digitalization, particularly regarding internet-based distribution and over-the-top platforms, resulting in unequal governance between conventional broadcasters and digital services. Aims: This study analyzes the evolution of broadcasting regulations from the New Order to the Reform period and examines their alignment with technological developments. Results: Findings indicate that the New Order employed strict state control to manage ideology and public opinion, whereas the Reform era introduced press freedom, the Network Station System, and Local Public Broadcasting Institutions, although implementation encountered obstacles such as media conglomerate dominance and regional infrastructure disparities. The rise of internet-based media shifted audiences toward digital platforms, while regulatory adaptation remained limited, producing gaps in oversight and accountability. Novelty: The study offers a comprehensive legal trajectory linking political transition, decentralization policy, and digital disruption within Indonesia’s broadcasting governance. Implications: The findings highlight the urgency of revising regulatory frameworks to ensure equitable supervision, legal certainty, and democratic media development in the digital environment. Highlights: State monopoly during the earlier political period restricted content diversity and public access to alternative viewpoints. Post-1998 policy reforms introduced network-based structures and locally oriented public institutions but faced structural barriers. Rapid migration of audiences to internet services created governance gaps between legacy broadcasters and online providers. Keywords:Broadcasting Regulation; Digital Broadcasting; Media Decentralization; Over-The-Top Platforms; Indonesia
Misuse of Ambulances for Nonmedical Purposes and Legal Consequences: Penyalahgunaan Ambulans untuk Tujuan Nonmedis dan Konsekuensi Hukumnya Putri Aldora Muaini; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.11986

Abstract

General Background Ambulances are priority emergency vehicles intended exclusively for medical rescue and patient transport, supported by special traffic privileges and regulated standards within public health systems. Specific Background Recent practices in Indonesia reveal ambulances being deployed for nonmedical activities, including personal transportation, logistics delivery, criminal acts, and political interests, raising concerns about public safety, service disruption, and ethical compliance. Knowledge Gap Existing studies have not comprehensively examined the forms of nonmedical use alongside the legal responses and sanctions across multiple legal domains within a single sociolegal framework. Aims This study analyzes the types of ambulance misuse for nonmedical purposes, the mechanisms of law enforcement applied, and the legal implications for perpetrators. Results Using a sociolegal empirical approach, the findings show that misuse occurs in criminal, civil, employment, and administrative contexts; enforcement actions vary according to the actor and consequences; and sanctions range from imprisonment and compensation to termination of employment and disciplinary measures, with preventive and repressive efforts sometimes complemented by restorative justice. Novelty The study offers an integrated normative-empirical analysis that links real-world practices with statutory provisions, highlighting gaps in supervision and accountability concerning emergency vehicle use. Implications Strong, coordinated enforcement and oversight are necessary to preserve the humanitarian function of ambulances, maintain public trust in emergency services, and ensure that priority road rights remain reserved for genuine medical emergencies. Highlights: Nonmedical use appears across criminal, civil, labor, and administrative violations. Penalties differ according to perpetrator role and severity of consequences. Coordinated oversight is required to safeguard emergency service integrity. Keywords:Ambulance Misuse; Emergency Vehicle Regulation; Law Enforcement; Legal Sanctions; Sociolegal Study
Electric Motorcycle Regulation Distribution Across Indonesian Regions: Distribusi Peraturan Sepeda Motor Listrik di Berbagai Wilayah Indonesia Jessi Fatika Berliana; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12081

Abstract

General Background: The rapid development of transportation technology has introduced electric motorcycles as an environmentally friendly alternative aligned with Indonesia’s carbon reduction commitments. Specific Background: Regulatory frameworks at national and regional levels are expected to provide legal certainty, safety standards, and technical feasibility for users of electric vehicles. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous policies and incentives issued by the central government, the extent, distribution, and substantive coverage of regional regulations on electric motorcycles remain unclear and uneven. Aims: This study examines the development, distribution, and scope of electric motorcycle regulations across Indonesia and evaluates their capacity to ensure coherent governance. Results: A normative legal analysis of 1,639 regulations shows that only 0.73% explicitly address electric vehicles, while most rules continue to govern conventional transport, indicating limited regional commitment and fragmented policy adoption. Implementation of national initiatives at the local level is inconsistent, and many regional instruments remain advisory rather than binding. Novelty: The research provides a systematic mapping of regulatory distribution and thematic coverage across provinces and municipalities, revealing structural disparities between central policy direction and local legal frameworks. Implications: Strengthening harmonization between national and regional legislation and transforming local policies into imperative legal instruments are necessary to achieve uniform governance, stronger legal certainty, and safer deployment of electric motorcycles in Indonesia. Highlights: Explicit rules on battery-powered two-wheelers constitute a very small share of local legislation. Provincial and municipal frameworks display uneven thematic coverage and geographic distribution. Many local instruments function as guidance without enforceable obligations or sanctions. Keywords:Electric Motorcycles; Regional Regulation; Electric Vehicles; Legal Certainty; Traffic Law
E Commerce Dispute Trends Before and After COVID 19: Tren Sengketa E-Commerce Sebelum dan Sesudah COVID-19 Hardian Sembellagusto; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1530

Abstract

General Background E-commerce transactions have rapidly expanded in Indonesia, transforming traditional buying and selling into digital interactions that offer efficiency and accessibility. Specific Background The rise of online transactions has been accompanied by increasing consumer disputes, particularly related to fraud, delivery delays, and product discrepancies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies compare dispute patterns across pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods while considering legal awareness among business actors. Aims This study aims to analyze the development and types of e-commerce disputes and examine their changes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The findings indicate that although e-commerce usage and transaction volume significantly increased during and after the pandemic, dispute cases decreased due to improved seller awareness, transparency, and service quality. Novelty This study highlights the inverse relationship between transaction growth and dispute reduction by emphasizing the role of business ethics and legal compliance. Implications The results suggest that strengthening legal implementation and promoting awareness among consumers and business actors are essential to ensuring sustainable consumer protection in digital commerce environments. Keywords: E-commerce, Consumer Protection, Legal Disputes, COVID-19, Digital Transactions Key Findings Highlights Dispute cases declined despite significant growth in online transactions Seller transparency and service quality contributed to reduced conflicts Legal awareness played a central role in maintaining consumer trust
The Scopus Radar Readiness Model for Mitigating Algorithmic Discontinuation Risks Eko Pramudya Laksana; Ikhwan Arief; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam; Busro Busro; Arif Zainudin; Akhmad Anwar Dani; Andista Candra Yusro; Dedi Rahman Nur; Utama Alan Deta; Much Fuad Saifuddin; Mohammad Fauziddin; Muhamad Ratodi; Asep Erlan Maulana; Muh. Firyal Akbar; Lucky Zamzami; Aldy Rialdy Atmadja; Eko Pramudya Laksana; Ikhwan Arief; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam; Busro Busro; Arif Zainudin; Akhmad Anwar Dani; Andista Candra Yusro; Dedi Rahman Nur; Utama Alan Deta; Much Fuad Saifuddin; Mohammad Fauziddin; Muhamad Ratodi; Asep Erlan Maulana; Muh. Firyal Akbar; Lucky Zamzami; Aldy Rialdy Atmadja
Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um065.v6.i3.2026.3

Abstract

The integrity of the global academic record is under unprecedented threat due to the industrialization of scientific misconduct, driven by paper mills, citation cartels, and identity theft, prompting major bibliographic databases to replace manual curation with algorithmic systems. This study examines the operational mechanics of the Scopus Radar tool, an unsupervised anomaly detection system designed to identify and eliminate articles exhibiting anomalous behavior. We reconstruct the bibliometric indicators that lead to discontinuation by triangulating data from the November 2025 Scopus Discontinued Titles list, public Elsevier policy papers, and independent bibliometric research. Our study of 62 cancelled journals shows that Publication Concerns (59.7%) and Outlier conduct (14.5%) are the top grounds for removal. There are definite tendencies when it comes to hyper-concentrated authorship, quick volume velocity spikes, and citation stacking that does not make sense. We also see a "contagion effect," where certain publications have far greater rates of quitting than others. Based on these findings, we propose the Scopus Radar Readiness Model (SRRM). The model is based on the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and has four stages of growth. This roadmap gives editorial boards the tools they need to go from reactive compliance to proactive integrity assurance. They can do this by using internal bibliometric audits to find and fix problems before they lead to external algorithmic enforcement. The results show that journals need to use Level 4 Optimized integrity practices to stay alive in a time when automated gatekeeping is common.
The Scopus Radar Readiness Model for Mitigating Algorithmic Discontinuation Risks Eko Pramudya Laksana; Ikhwan Arief; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam; Busro Busro; Arif Zainudin; Akhmad Anwar Dani; Andista Candra Yusro; Dedi Rahman Nur; Utama Alan Deta; Much Fuad Saifuddin; Mohammad Fauziddin; Muhamad Ratodi; Asep Erlan Maulana; Muh. Firyal Akbar; Lucky Zamzami; Aldy Rialdy Atmadja; Eko Pramudya Laksana; Ikhwan Arief; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam; Busro Busro; Arif Zainudin; Akhmad Anwar Dani; Andista Candra Yusro; Dedi Rahman Nur; Utama Alan Deta; Much Fuad Saifuddin; Mohammad Fauziddin; Muhamad Ratodi; Asep Erlan Maulana; Muh. Firyal Akbar; Lucky Zamzami; Aldy Rialdy Atmadja
Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um065.v6.i3.2026.3

Abstract

The integrity of the global academic record is under unprecedented threat due to the industrialization of scientific misconduct, driven by paper mills, citation cartels, and identity theft, prompting major bibliographic databases to replace manual curation with algorithmic systems. This study examines the operational mechanics of the Scopus Radar tool, an unsupervised anomaly detection system designed to identify and eliminate articles exhibiting anomalous behavior. We reconstruct the bibliometric indicators that lead to discontinuation by triangulating data from the November 2025 Scopus Discontinued Titles list, public Elsevier policy papers, and independent bibliometric research. Our study of 62 cancelled journals shows that Publication Concerns (59.7%) and Outlier conduct (14.5%) are the top grounds for removal. There are definite tendencies when it comes to hyper-concentrated authorship, quick volume velocity spikes, and citation stacking that does not make sense. We also see a "contagion effect," where certain publications have far greater rates of quitting than others. Based on these findings, we propose the Scopus Radar Readiness Model (SRRM). The model is based on the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and has four stages of growth. This roadmap gives editorial boards the tools they need to go from reactive compliance to proactive integrity assurance. They can do this by using internal bibliometric audits to find and fix problems before they lead to external algorithmic enforcement. The results show that journals need to use Level 4 Optimized integrity practices to stay alive in a time when automated gatekeeping is common.
Co-Authors Aan Eko Widiarto Agus Dwi Arifudin Ahmad Dzulfiqar Hibatullah Putra Aitama, Fadia Rozika Akhmad Anwar Dani Akhmad Anwar Dani Aldy Rialdy Atmadja Aldy Rialdy Atmadja Anissa, Salsabila Apriliya Nursyabani Bachtyar Arif Zainudin Arini Desita Sari Asep Erlan Maulana Asep Erlan Maulana Asrul Maulana Atikha Sidhi Cahyana Aulia Sarah Azizah Aviva, Srivit Bagaskara, Tegar Christianto Bagus Trispratama, Enrico Bobur Sobirov Busro, B. Chairunnisa, Fahira Safa Cherin Ayudia Sari Citra Sonia Condro, Rudy Cut Novianti Rachmi, Cut Novianti Dasapta Erwin Irawan, Dasapta Erwin Dedhi Bima Samudra Dedi Rahman Nur Defny Holidin Deny Juanda Puradimaja Dilla Haniah Kurniawati Efendi , Nurul Eka Safitri, Annisa Eko Pramudya Laksana Eko Pramudya Laksana Emy Rosna Wati Emy Rosnawati Fahmi Shahab Fahrezi, Natario Okta Fatah , Abdul Febriandi Berutu Galih Kusumah, Galih Hana Yunita Makhfudotin Haniah Kurniawati, Dilla Hardian Sembellagusto Hasan, Rizqi Hasani Moh. Ali Hendy Irawan, Hendy Huzairin, Regita Amanah Ikhwan Arief Indakto, Ratro Irwansyah Irwansyah Isroiyah, Nurul Jaya, Nur Intan Purwani Jessi Fatika Berliana Juneman Abraham Keukeu Kaniawati Rosada Khotimah, Siti Dewi Kurnia Ningsih Kolopita Kustiati Kustiati Lestari, Melati Indah Lucky Zamzami Maryati, Lely Ika Masruroh, Tri Antika Mitra Djamal Moh. Faizin Mohammad Fauziddin Monica Firda Nurjannah Much. Fuad Saifuddin Muh. Firyal Akbar Muh. Firyal Akbar Muhamad Ratodi Muhamad Ratodi Muhammad Ary Taufik Muhammad Asrul Maulana Mukti, Rino Rakhmata Mulyaningsih, Indrya Nafila, Nida Najmy Amien, Muhammad Ningrum, Hesti Noor Fatimah Mediawati Nur Riska Salsabila Nurhazman Abdul Aziz, Nurhazman Abdul Octaviani, Tresnia Oktavia, Herlina Pahlevy, Rifqi Ridhlo Pandu Sarigati Sari Phahlevi, Rifqi Ridlo Prasetiantara, Rafi Pratama, Sandika Putra Pristiwanto, Pristiwanto Purnama, Melati Indah Purnomo, Melati Indah Putra , Guntur Permana Putra, Wildan Revandra Putri Aldora Muaini Rahayu Hartini Regita Amanah Huzairin Rifqi Ridlo Phahlevi Rifqi Ridlo Phahlevy, Rifqi Ridlo Risa Rifa’ul Azizah Rizky Hamdani Robi'atul Adawiyah Romadhon, Fajar Riski Rositasari, Dewi Rudy Condro Safrian Hamzah Sarah Septyaningsih Septalia, Alyani Noor Septian, Septian Septriono Hari Nugroho Sholikhah, Firda Mar’atus Siswapranata, Fadiana Zahra Sobirov, Bobur Sonia, Citra Sparisoma Viridi Sri Budi Purwaningsih Sriyono Sriyono Tertia Mukti, Artanti Utama Alan Deta Visa, Hikmah Tara Widya Wicaksono, Ageng Widya Visa, Hikmah Tara Wulandari , Shofia Eka Putri Yinta Syifaudiana Yulianti Yunita Makhfudotin, Hana Yusro, Andista Candra