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Pola Penafsiran Konstitusi dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Periode 2003 - 2008 dan 2009 - 2013 Safaat, Muchamad Ali; Widiarto, Aan Eko; Suroso, Fajar Laksono
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 14, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Artikel ini berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang mengangkat permasalahan bagaimana pola penafsiran konstitusi putusan-putusan MK dalam perkara Pengujian Undang- Undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat, penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau juga disebut sebagai penelitian normatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah; (1) tidak semua pertimbangan hukum putusan MK dalam perkara pengujian Undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar memberikan penafsiran terhadap ketentuan UUD 1945 yang menjadi batu uji; (2) penafsiran yang digunakan dalam putusan MK pada umumnya adalah penafsiran originalis;(3) Hanya ada tiga putusan yang menggunakan penafsiran non originalis dengan pendekatan doktrin dan hukum alam, serta pendekatan etik; dan (4) tidak terdapat hubungan terpola antara metode penafsiran yang digunakan dengan bidang hukum ketentuan konstitusi maupun periodesasi hakim konstitusi.

Ketidakpastian Hukum Kewenangan Lembaga Pembentuk Undang-Undang Akibat Pengabaian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Widiarto, Aan Eko
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

The Indonesian House of Representatives and the President has established the Act Num. 17 Year 2014 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and the DPRD (Act MD3). The Act consists provisions that have been declared incompatible with the Constitution 1945 and does not have binding legal force by the Constitutional Court Decision Num. 92/PUU-X/2012. The result is a duality norm. The first norm is the norm authorizes the establishment of laws that have already been decided in the judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 92/PUU-X/2012. The second norm is the new norm about authority of making laws specified in the Act MD3. Both of norms are contrary, so in the implementation (rechtstoepassing), House of Representatives, and the President is faced with two choices provisions of legislation. DPD authority in making the draft law becomes blurred. Similarly for the House of Representatives and the President also no certainty authority in relationship with DPD in the act making process. Should the House of Representatives and the President uphold the principle of self respect or self obidence (the government should respect the decisions of the judiciary).

PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI SYARAT OBYEKTIF DALAM PEMBUATAN PERJANJIAN PINJAM MEMINJAM (AKAD â€˜ARIYAH) YANG BERBENTUK AKTA OTENTIK: Studi Kasus Terhadap Putusan Hakim Mahkamah Agung No. 1572 K/Pdt/2015 Rahayu, Nur Irma; Syafa'at, Rachmat; Widiarto, Aan Eko
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Jurisdictie: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v9i2.5591

Halal cause is an essential element in Indonesian legal agreement. Its definition in the Article 1320 of Civil Code Procedure is unclearly elaborated leading to multi interpretations. There is even Judgeâ€™s interpretation in the language use that cause its invalidity only because Indonesian language is considered as a halal cause. This leads to uncertainty of all parties involved in a agreement. This research discusses the accuracy of ratio legis of Supreme Court judges in decree Number 1572 K.Pdt.2015 that decides the authentic deeds of loan agreement and fiduciary guarantee for an object as void at law. The researcher employs normative juridical method. The approaches employed are legislation, conceptual, and case. The research reveals, there is irrelevant interpretation of halal cause by Supreme Court judges in decree 1572/K/Pdt/2015 when related to the Article 1320 of Civil Code Procedure and Rasio legis of the judges; the decision has overlooked the provision of foreign language use in the authentic deeds as regulated in notary office law. It is because the legal framework used infringes the principle of lex spesialis derogat legi generalli. Furthermore, the legal consequence toward the authentic deeds regarding the use of foreign language agreed by all agreement parties written in decree Number 1572 K.Pdt.2015 should not be void at law because it does not guarantee the legal certainty of all deed makers.Kausa halal merupakan unsur krusial dalam Hukum perjanjian Indonesia. Maknanya dalam pasal 1320 KUHPerdata kurang terjabar jelas sehingga ada multi tafsir. Bahkan ada penafsiran Hakim terhadap bahasa ini yang berakibat pembatalan akta hanya karena menganggap Bahasa Indonesia masuk dalam kausa halal. Hal ini membuat ketidakpastian pihak pembuat perjanjian. Penelitian ini membahas ketepatan rasio legis hakim Mahkamah Agung dalam putusan No. 1572 K.Pdt.2015 yang memutuskan batal demi hukum akta otentik perjanjian pinjam-meminjam dan perjanjian Jaminan Fidusia Atas Benda. Peneliti menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian, hakim Mahkamah Agung kurang tepat dalam memaknai kausa halal No. 1572/K/Pdt/2015 yang terkait dengan pasal 1320 KUHperdata dan rasio legis hakim; keputusannya mengesampingkan ketentuan penggunaan bahasa asing dalam akta otentik yang telah diatur Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris. hal ini karena dasar-dasar hukum yang digunakan hakim tidak tepat yaitu menyalahi asas lex spesialis derogat legi generalli. Serta, akibat hukum terhadap akta otentik perjanjiannya yang telah disepakati para pihak dengan menggunakan bahasa asing dalam putusan No. 1572 K.Pdt.2015 seharusnya tidak menjadi batal demi hukum karena putusan tersebut tidak menjamin kepastian hukum para pihak pembuat akta.

Implikasi Hukum Pengaturan Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi Widiarto, Aan Eko
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD 1945) Pasal 24C ayat (6) menentukan bahwa hukum acara serta ketentuan lainnya tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi diatur dengan undang-undang. Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut jelas bahwa hukum cara Mahkamah Konstitusi diatur dengan undang-undang. Makna frasa "diatur dengan" menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan materi muatan itu harus diatur hanya di dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang didelegasikan dan tidak boleh didelegasikan lebih lanjut ke Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah (subdelegasi). Pokok permasalahan yang penting diteliti adalah apa implikasi hukum pengaturan hukum acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat, penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau juga disebut sebagai penelitian normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan teoretis (theoretical approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Implikasi hukum pengaturan hukum acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi ada 3 (tiga), yaitu: ketidakpastian hukum, pelanggaran hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, dan ketiadaan tertib hukum. Akibat ketiga implikasi hukum tersebut maka penyelenggaraan wewenang dan kewajiban Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi tidak sah. Namun demikian mengingat asas kemanfaatan dan asas praduga rechtsmatig maka selama memberi mandat dan sampai dengan belum ada pembatalan Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi maka tindakan MK selalu harus dianggap benar.1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) Article 24C Paragraph (6) provides that the procedural law and other provisions concerning the Constitutional Court shall be regulated by act. Based on these provisions it is clear that the law of the way the Constitutional Court is regulated by act. The meaning of the phrase "governed by" pursuant to Act No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of the Acts and Regulations on the contents of the content shall be regulated only in the delegated Legislation and shall not be further delegated to the lower Legislation Regulations (subdelegations ). The main issue that is important to examine is what is the legal implication of regulation of procedural law of the Constitutional Court in the form of Constitutional Court Regulation not in an Act. In accordance with the issues raised, this study is a doctrinal research or also referred to as normative research. The approaches are theoretical approach, and the conceptual approach. The legal implications of the procedural law setting of the Constitutional Court in the form of Constitutional Court Regulation based on the results of this study are identified there are 3 (three), namely: legal uncertainty, violation of legal hierarchy of regulations, and absence of orderly law. As a result of these three legal implications, the legal consequences for the implementation of the authority and duties of the Constitutional Court become invalid. However, considering the principle of expediency and presupposition principle of rechtsmatig then as long as giving benefit and until there is no cancellation of the Constitutional Court Regulation, the action of the Constitutional Court must always be considered true.

Conditional Decisions as Instrument Guarding the Supremacy of the Constitution (Analysis of conditional decisions of Indonesian Constitutional Court in 2003 â€“ 2017) Safa'at, Muchamad Ali; Eko Widiarto, Aan
Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Contemporary Issue in Private Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2021.008.01.06

The function of the Indonesian Constitutional Court as the guardian of the constitution is mainly conducted through the judicial review authority. Since 2003 to April 2021, the Constitutional Court has received and decided 1392 petitions over judicial review. In its dictums, the Constitutional Court often declares conditionally constitutional or conditionally unconstitutional (conditional decision). Conditional decision is a decision of the Court that declare the reviewed norm conditionally constitutional or unconstitutional. The norm is constitutional if interpreted pursuant to the Court interpretation, or the norm is unconstitutional if interpreted in certain ways. This research is aimed to investigate the criteria of judicial review decisions which declares conditionally constitutional and conditionally unconstitutional in accordance with the characteristics of norms of the law reviewed. The analysis was limited to the Court decisions from 2003 to 2017. The research result indicates that distinguishing characters of norms reviewed have no correlation with the option between conditionally constitutional or conditionally unconstitutional. Â Conditionally Constitutional Decision was used by the court before replaced by Conditionally Unconstitutional Decision due to the weakness of decision implementation. For conditionally unconstitutional decisions are connected to the substance of the decision which create new norm that replace, limit, or elaborate reviewed norm. Conditional decision is still required as a consequence of the following three aspects: enforcement of the supremacy of the constitution, presumption of validity, and strengthening the execution of Constitutional Court decisions.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE RECOGNITION OF THE RELIGION IN THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISIONS NUMBER 97/PUU-XIV/2016 AND 140/PUU-VII/2009 Sihombing, Uli Parulian; Safa'at, Muchammad Ali; Setya Negara, Tunggal Ashari; Widiarto, Aan Eko
Tadulako Law Review Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This article is intended to conduct a legal research on how the constitutional courts have interpreted the meaning of the religion in the constitution of Indonesia. The author has applied normative legal reseach method by compiling and analyzing the constititonal court decisions related to the issue of the religios in the indigenous community in Indonesia. Also, the author try to raise a statutory approach and legal reasonings in the constitutional court decision to analyse the legal issues. According to the result of this legal research, the author comes to the following conclussions; the constitutional court decisions has applied and used the historic interpretation method of a religion meaning in the constitution, but the constitutional courts have come to the different result of the religion meaning in the constitution. While the constitutional court decision number 140/PUU-VII/2009 excluded the meaning of the religion in the constitution, however, the constitutional court decision number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 embarced the meaning of the religion in the constitution.

Ketidakpastian Hukum Kewenangan Lembaga Pembentuk Undang-Undang Akibat Pengabaian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Widiarto, Aan Eko
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

The Indonesian House of Representatives and the President has establishedÂ Â Â the Act Num. 17 Year 2014 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and the DPRD (Act MD3). The Act consists provisions that have been declared incompatible with the Constitution 1945 and does not have binding legal force by the Constitutional Court Decision Num. 92/PUU-X/2012. The result is a duality norm. The first norm is the norm authorizes the establishment of laws that have already been decided in the judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 92/PUU-X/2012. The second norm is the new norm about authority of making laws specified in the Act MD3. Both of norms are contrary, so in the implementation (rechtstoepassing), House of Representatives, and the President is faced with two choices provisions of legislation. DPD authority in making the draft law becomes blurred. Similarly for the House of Representatives and the President also no certainty authority in relationship with DPD in the act making process. Should the House ofÂ RepresentativesÂ andÂ theÂ PresidentÂ uphold the principle of self respect or self obidence (the government should respect the decisions of the Â judiciary).

Kebijakan Pengelolaan Tambang dan Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang Berkeadilan Ekologis Muchamad Ali Safaat; Aan Eko Widiarto; Fajar Laksono Suroso
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: pertama, bagaimana kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan berdasarkan undang-undang pertambangan mineral dan batubara? Kedua, bagaimana kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan perspektif masyarakat hukum adat yang berkeadilan ekologis? Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan berdasarkan undang-undang pertambangan mineral dan batubara saat ini hendaknya disesuaikan dengan putusan-putusan mahkamah konstitusi dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dalam konteks perizinan. Pemerintah daerah provinsi sekarang ini mengambil alih kewenangan pemerintah kabupaten/kota untuk mengeluarkan izin tambang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 yang sebenarnya masih bersifat semi sentralistik dan secara kewilayahannya dalam konteks tambang masih berada di kabupaten, sementara pemerintah provinsi sebagai wakil dari pemerintah pusat; kedua, Kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan perspektif masyarakat hukum adat yang berkeadilan ekologis terletak pada konsep kearifan masyarakat hukum adat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, dalam hal ini tambang yang menjadi hak penguasaan negara. Terdapat hubungan timbal balik antara manusia dengan alam, dimana masyarakat hukum adat selalu menempatkan keseimbangan alam dalam pengelolaan lingkungan (participerend cosmisch), sehingga keadilan ekologis dapat dirasakan semua unsur alam, selain manusia.The problems in this paper are: first, what are the mining resource management policies based on mineral and coal mining laws? and second, how is the mining resource management perspective of the ecological justice community indigenous people? This research method uses normative legal research with the classification of secondary data including primary legal materials including legislation in the fields of mineral and coal mining, environmental protection and management, and regional government. Secondary legal material in the form of books and journals, while secondary legal material in the form of online news. Data analysis using qualitative juridical analysis. The results of this study are first, current mining resource management policies based on mineral and coal mining laws should be adjusted to the decisions of the constitutional court and Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government in the context of licensing. The provincial government is currently taking over the authority of the district / city government to issue mining permits under Law No. 23 of 2014 which are actually still semi-centralistic and in the territory in the context of mines still in the district, while the provincial government is the representative of the central government; secondly, the policy of managing mining resources from the perspective of indigenous peoples with ecological justice lies in the concept of indigenous peoples’ wisdom in managing natural resources, in this case mining which is the state’s right of control. There is a reciprocal relationship between humans and nature, where customary law communities always place natural balance in environmental management (participerend cosmisch), so that ecological justice can be felt by all elements of nature, other than humans.

Implikasi Hukum Pengaturan Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi Aan Eko Widiarto
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD 1945) Pasal 24C ayat (6) menentukan bahwa hukum acara serta ketentuan lainnya tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi diatur dengan undang-undang. Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut jelas bahwa hukum cara Mahkamah Konstitusi diatur dengan undang-undang. Makna frasa "diatur dengan" menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan materi muatan itu harus diatur hanya di dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang didelegasikan dan tidak boleh didelegasikan lebih lanjut ke Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah (subdelegasi). Pokok permasalahan yang penting diteliti adalah apa implikasi hukum pengaturan hukum acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat, penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau juga disebut sebagai penelitian normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan teoretis (theoretical approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Implikasi hukum pengaturan hukum acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi ada 3 (tiga), yaitu: ketidakpastian hukum, pelanggaran hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, dan ketiadaan tertib hukum. Akibat ketiga implikasi hukum tersebut maka penyelenggaraan wewenang dan kewajiban Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi tidak sah. Namun demikian mengingat asas kemanfaatan dan asas praduga rechtsmatig maka selama memberi mandat dan sampai dengan belum ada pembatalan Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi maka tindakan MK selalu harus dianggap benar.1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) Article 24C Paragraph (6) provides that the procedural law and other provisions concerning the Constitutional Court shall be regulated by act. Based on these provisions it is clear that the law of the way the Constitutional Court is regulated by act. The meaning of the phrase "governed by" pursuant to Act No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of the Acts and Regulations on the contents of the content shall be regulated only in the delegated Legislation and shall not be further delegated to the lower Legislation Regulations (subdelegations ). The main issue that is important to examine is what is the legal implication of regulation of procedural law of the Constitutional Court in the form of Constitutional Court Regulation not in an Act. In accordance with the issues raised, this study is a doctrinal research or also referred to as normative research. The approaches are theoretical approach, and the conceptual approach. The legal implications of the procedural law setting of the Constitutional Court in the form of Constitutional Court Regulation based on the results of this study are identified there are 3 (three), namely: legal uncertainty, violation of legal hierarchy of regulations, and absence of orderly law. As a result of these three legal implications, the legal consequences for the implementation of the authority and duties of the Constitutional Court become invalid. However, considering the principle of expediency and presupposition principle of rechtsmatig then as long as giving benefit and until there is no cancellation of the Constitutional Court Regulation, the action of the Constitutional Court must always be considered true.

Ketidakpastian Hukum Kewenangan Lembaga Pembentuk Undang-Undang Akibat Pengabaian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Aan Eko Widiarto
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The Indonesian House of Representatives and the President has established the Act Num. 17 Year 2014 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and the DPRD (Act MD3). The Act consists provisions that have been declared incompatible with the Constitution 1945 and does not have binding legal force by the Constitutional Court Decision Num. 92/PUU-X/2012. The result is a duality norm. The first norm is the norm authorizes the establishment of laws that have already been decided in the judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 92/PUU-X/2012. The second norm is the new norm about authority of making laws specified in the Act MD3. Both of norms are contrary, so in the implementation (rechtstoepassing), House of Representatives, and the President is faced with two choices provisions of legislation. DPD authority in making the draft law becomes blurred. Similarly for the House of Representatives and the President also no certainty authority in relationship with DPD in the act making process. Should the House of Representatives and the President uphold the principle of self respect or self obidence (the government should respect the decisions of the judiciary).

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