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All Journal Jurnal Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan CERATA Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Journal of Holistics and Health Sciences (JHHS) Prosiding University Research Colloquium CERATA IJF (Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi) Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia International Journal of Health Science
Endang Setyowati
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus
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Chemometric Analysis of Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract 70% and Ethyl Acetate of Kersen Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) Afif Putri Habibah; Endang Setyowati; Emma Jayanti Besan
International Journal Of Health Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Health
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/ijhs.v5i2.5583

Abstract

This study analyzed the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of kersen leaf extract (Muntingia calabura L.) obtained with 70 % ethanol and ethyl acetate through a chemometric approach. Extraction is carried out by maceration, total flavonoids are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with quercetin, while total phenolics with gallic acid. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method and the IC₅₀ value was calculated. The results showed that the total flavonoid content in 70% ethanol extract was 3.374 ± 0.082 mg EK/mL, while in ethyl acetate extract it was 2.726 ± 0.014 mg EK/mL. The total phenolic content in 70% ethanol extract was 152.34 ± 5.71 mg EAG/mL, while in ethyl acetate extract it was 262.78 ± 6.27 mg EAG/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained from ethyl acetate extract with an IC₅₀ value of 34.45 ± 1.23 μg/mL, while ethanol extract 70% showed an IC₅₀ value of 42.35 ± 7.22 μg/mL. Chemometric analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a relationship between the 70% ethanol flavonoid content and ethyl acetate on the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method.  
Chemometric Analysis of Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of 70% Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Butterfly Pea Flowers Nabila Naila Amelia; Endang Setyowati; Muhamad Khudzaifi
International Journal Of Health Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Health
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/ijhs.v5i2.5594

Abstract

Antioxidants are essential for the body to inhibit or ward off free radicals. Naturally, the body can produce antioxidants, but they can also be obtained from external sources. Interestingly, antioxidants can also be found in plants, one of which is the butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). Compounds contained in butterfly pea flowers, such as flavonoids and phenolics, were macerated with 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical content (flavonoids and phenolics) and evaluate the antioxidant activity of butterfly pea flower extract and their relationship with the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) chemometric method. The total flavonoid content test was carried out with quercetin as a comparator, while the total phenolic content test was carried out with gallic acid as a comparator. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method. In this study, the total flavonoid content in the 70% ethanol extract was 4.109 ± 0.027 mg QE/mL, while in the ethyl acetate extract it was 6.616 ± 0.22 mg QE/mL. The total phenolic content produced was 28.276 ± 1.36 mg GAE/mL for the 70% ethanol extract and 31.579 ± 1.59 mg GAE/mL for the ethyl acetate extract, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 value for antioxidant activity showed that the ethanol extract had a value of 54.23 ± 2.37 µg/mL, while the ethyl acetate extract had a value of 39.38 ± 3.14 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract had higher flavonoid, phenolic, and antioxidant activity than the 70% ethanol extract. Chemometric analysis showed a positive correlation between flavonoids and phenolics in the ethanol solvent. Chemometric analysis showed a relationship between flavonoid and phenolic content in both the ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents and the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method.
Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Gatal (Laportea aestuans L. Chew) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dengan Metode Dilusi Cair: Antibacterial Potential of Itchy Leaf Extract (Laportea aestuans L. Chew) Against Staphylococcus aureus Using Liquid Dilution Method Emma Jayanti Besan; Endang Setyowati; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Ulfa Nabila Besan
Journal of Holistics and Health Sciences Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Holistics and Health Sciences (JHHS), Maret
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/jhhs.v8i1.720

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium often associated with skin infections and various other diseases. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for alternative antibacterial agents derived from medicinal plants. Daun Itch (Laportea aestuans L. Chew), a plant from Eastern Indonesia, known locally as daun itch, contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, which are reported to have antimicrobial potential. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of daun itch against Staphylococcus aureus using the liquid dilution method. Daun itch was macerated using 70% ethanol for 5 days, phytochemical screening tests were carried out using two methods, namely Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Tube Test. Observation of antibacterial activity by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) through a series of dilutions in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) media. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of daun itch contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids using TLC and Tube Test. Bacterial growth was assessed visually based on turbidity and confirmed by subculture on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). The MIC and MBC values ​​of the ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus were 300 mg/mL and 600 mg/mL, respectively. These concentrations indicate that the higher the concentration used, the greater the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. These findings indicate that the extract of daun itch leaves has significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and can serve as a natural source of antibacterial agents. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize the active compounds that act as antibacterials.   ABSTRAK Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogen yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi kulit dan berbagai penyakit lainnya. Prevalensi resistensi antibiotik yang semakin meningkat telah mendorong pencarian agen antibakteri alternatif yang berasal dari tanaman obat. Daun Gatal (Laportea aestuans L. Chew), tanaman dari Indonesia Timur, yang dikenal secara lokal sebagai daun gatal, mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid, yang dilaporkan memiliki potensi antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun gatal terhadap  Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Daun gatal dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 70% selama 5 hari, uji skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan Uji Tabung. Pengamatan aktivitas antibakteri dengan menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) melalui seri pengenceran dalam media Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun gatal mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid menggunakan uji KLT dan Uji Tabung. Pertumbuhan bakteri dinilai secara visual berdasarkan kekeruhan dan dikonfirmasi dengan subkultur pada Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Nilai KHM dan KBM ekstrak etanol terhadap Staphylococcus aureus adalah 300 mg/mL dan 600 mg/mL. Konsentrasi tersebut menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka efek penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri juga akan meningkat.  Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun daun gatal memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang signifikan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber alami agen antibakteri. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai antibakteri.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Antidiabetes Terhadap Penurunan Hba1c Dan GDS Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Gubug Grobogan Ramadhani Annisa Rahim; Endang Setyowati; Intan Adevia Rosnarita
Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Knowledge and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69693/ijim.v4i2.825

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pengobatan antidiabetik terhadap kadar glukosa pada pasien diabetes di wilayah Gubug. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode observasional analitik dan pendekatan retrospektif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 60 responden yang datanya diperoleh melalui rekam medis pasien. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini mencakup pasien laki-laki dan perempuan yang terdiagnosis DM berusia 35-85 tahun, pasien yang menerima terapi antidiabetes, serta memiliki data hasil pemeriksaan HbA1c dan GDS. Hasil data responden menunjukkan bahwa usia 35-60 tahun 36 (60%) merupakan kelompok paling sering mengalami Diabetes Mellitus, dengan perempuan lebih banyak 38 (63,3%), hasil durasi terapi paling dominan yaitu hasil terapi selama 2 bulan 33 (55%), hasil data lab HbA1c sebelum terapi paling banyak yaitu hasil diabetes (≥6,5) sebanyak 53 (44,1%). Sedangkan data lab GDS sebelum terapi paling banyak angka tidak normal yaitu (>200 mg/dL) sebanyak 35 (29,1%). Hasil profil penggunaan obat antidiabetes terapi kombinasi paling banyak digunakan yaitu metformin 500 mg dan glimepirid 3 mg sebanyak 15 (25%). Hasil persentase penggunaan obat antidiabetes paling dominan digunakan yaitu metformin 500 mg mencapai 32 (27,3 %). Hasil efektivitas ADO terhadap penurunan HbA1c dan GDS secara statistik menunjukkan terjadi perbedaan atau efektivitas karena data memenuhi syarat yaitu dibawah 0,05. Hasil Efektivitas HbA1c secara klinis menunjukkan data normal (<5,7) sebanyak 15 (12,5%). Hasil data lab GDS secara klinis sesudah terapi angka normal (<200 mg/dL) sebanyak 49 (40,8%).
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Malang Tahun 2025 Ahmad Wildan Waviulahdi; Endang Setyowati; Fahrudin Arif
JURNAL BIDANG ILMU KESEHATAN Vol 16, No 1 (2026): Jurnal Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan
Publisher : Universitas Respati Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52643/jbik.v16i1.8211

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence and is often undetected in the early stage due to the lack of specific symptoms. Poor blood pressure control may lead to complications affecting vital organs. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between patients’ knowledge about hypertension and their adherence to antihypertensive medication. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 80 hypertensive outpatients were selected using a purposive sampling technique at Hospital X in Malang Regency from July to November 2025. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square statistical test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge (53 respondents; 66.3%), while 27 respondents (33.7%) had lower knowledge levels. Most respondents demonstrated high medication adherence. However, statistical analysis indicated no significant relationship between knowledge level and medication adherence among hypertensive patients (p>0.05). Therefore, knowledge level was not significantly associated with antihypertensive medication adherence in this study.
Co-Authors Adinda Triatna Maullidiyah Afif putri Habibah Ahmad Wildan Waviulahdi Amalia Khoirunnisa Andhika Setyawan Ari Simbara Ari Simbara Arina Zulfah P Dewi Septiyaningrum Diah Putri Nugraheni Diana Tri Lestari Dwi Asmawati Eko Retnowati Emma Jayanti Besan Eni Istiqamah Ezara Mila Fawwazah Prayitno Fahrudin Arif Fatika Oktasari Fina Sari Arstianti Hardiyani Presticasari Intan Adevia Rosnarita Irma Ravika Mila Umdatunnisa Muhamad Khudzaifi Muhammad Nurul Fadel Nabila Naila Amelia Nisa Oktadayana Nur Farida Ulfa Nura Ali Dahbul Ramadhani Annisa Rahim Ratna Dewi Isnaeni Ria Etikasari Rika Muharyanti Riska Ardiana Sabaan, Wahid Ulfa Nabila Besan Yayuk Mundriyastutik Yulis Trinovitawati Yunita Rusidah