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Optimization of Propylene Glycol and Na CMC in Gel Serum Preparations of Chicken Bone Collagen Antioxidant (Gallus gallus domesticus) Saputri, Dian; Cahyani, Intan Martha; Kristantri, Rika Sebtiana; Pebriani, Tris Harni; Sari, Wulan Kartika
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.19932

One important component found in the dermis layer of the skin is collagen. A decrease in collagen levels can result in reduced skin thickness and strength, loss of elasticity, and decreased skin hydration. Chicken bones serve as a valuable alternative source for the commercial production of collagen, which can be used in easily applicable pharmaceutical preparations, such as gel serum. Antioxidant gel serum preparations are developed by optimizing chicken bone collagen gel serum combined with Na CMC (0-2%) and propylene glycol (8-10%) using the Simplex Lattice Design method, so it is obtained 8 consecutive runs, the comparison is R1 and R3 (1% : 9%), R2 and R8 (2% : 8%), R4 (0,5% : 9,5%), R5 (1,5% : 8,5%) R6 and R7 (0% : 10%). The results indicate that the optimal formula consists of 1.984% Na CMC and 8.016% propylene glycol, yielding a pH of 4.50, a viscosity of 1700 cps, adhesion of 1.72 seconds, spreadability of 6.15 cm, and an IC50 of 57,36 ppm. Validation tests using the T-test demonstrated no significant difference between the observation and prediction results, confirming that the obtained formula was valid.

Optimization of Propylene Glycol and Na CMC in Gel Serum Preparations of Chicken Bone Collagen Antioxidant (Gallus gallus domesticus) Saputri, Dian; Cahyani, Intan Martha; Kristantri, Rika Sebtiana; Pebriani, Tris Harni; Sari, Wulan Kartika
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.19932

One important component found in the dermis layer of the skin is collagen. A decrease in collagen levels can result in reduced skin thickness and strength, loss of elasticity, and decreased skin hydration. Chicken bones serve as a valuable alternative source for the commercial production of collagen, which can be used in easily applicable pharmaceutical preparations, such as gel serum. Antioxidant gel serum preparations are developed by optimizing chicken bone collagen gel serum combined with Na CMC (0-2%) and propylene glycol (8-10%) using the Simplex Lattice Design method, so it is obtained 8 consecutive runs, the comparison is R1 and R3 (1% : 9%), R2 and R8 (2% : 8%), R4 (0,5% : 9,5%), R5 (1,5% : 8,5%) R6 and R7 (0% : 10%). The results indicate that the optimal formula consists of 1.984% Na CMC and 8.016% propylene glycol, yielding a pH of 4.50, a viscosity of 1700 cps, adhesion of 1.72 seconds, spreadability of 6.15 cm, and an IC50 of 57,36 ppm. Validation tests using the T-test demonstrated no significant difference between the observation and prediction results, confirming that the obtained formula was valid.

Formulation of Theophylline Sustained-Release Tablets with a Combination of Eudragit RS 100 and Lactose Trisnaningtyas, Meysiska; Ikasari, Endang Diyah; Cahyani, Intan Martha
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26837

Sustained-release (SR) delivery of Theophylline is pharmaceutically essential due to its narrow therapeutic index and the need to maintain controlled plasma exposure. This study aims to investigate the release kinetics and matrix-modifying roles of Eudragit RS 100 and lactose in three SR tablet formulations of Theophylline. Tablets were produced with the wet granulation method and evaluated for physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior according to USP specifications, and kinetic model fitting. The physicochemical evaluation revealed clear differences among formulations. F-1 exhibited the highest hardness (10.48 ± 0.10 kg/cm²) but excessive friability (2.40 ± 0.01%), whereas F-2 and F-3 showed lower hardness values (8.25 ± 0.03 and 8.03 ± 0.02 kg/cm²) with acceptable friability (0.32 ± 0.03% and 0.34 ± 0.03%). Granule flow properties improved progressively from F-1 to F-3, as indicated by reduced Carr’s Index (16.17 ± 0.16 to 11.58 ± 0.32%) and Hausner Ratio (1.193 to 1.131), accompanied by increased flow rates (12.12 ± 0.03 to 14.48 ± 0.53 g/s) (p < 0.05). These physicochemical differences were reflected in dissolution behavior and drug-release kinetics, confirming the matrix-modifying effects of Eudragit RS 100 and lactose. Kinetic modeling demonstrated formulation-dependent release mechanisms: F-1 showed the highest correlation with the zero-order model (R² = 0.9858), suggesting a near constant drug-release rate, whereas F-2 exhibited the best fit to a second-order model (R² = 0.9635), indicating concentration-dependent release. In contrast, F-3 was optimally described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R² = 0.9545), consistent with anomalous transport governed by combined diffusion and polymer relaxation.

Formulation of Theophylline Sustained-Release Tablets with a Combination of Eudragit RS 100 and Lactose Trisnaningtyas, Meysiska; Ikasari, Endang Diyah; Cahyani, Intan Martha
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26837

Sustained-release (SR) delivery of Theophylline is pharmaceutically essential due to its narrow therapeutic index and the need to maintain controlled plasma exposure. This study aims to investigate the release kinetics and matrix-modifying roles of Eudragit RS 100 and lactose in three SR tablet formulations of Theophylline. Tablets were produced with the wet granulation method and evaluated for physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior according to USP specifications, and kinetic model fitting. The physicochemical evaluation revealed clear differences among formulations. F-1 exhibited the highest hardness (10.48 ± 0.10 kg/cm²) but excessive friability (2.40 ± 0.01%), whereas F-2 and F-3 showed lower hardness values (8.25 ± 0.03 and 8.03 ± 0.02 kg/cm²) with acceptable friability (0.32 ± 0.03% and 0.34 ± 0.03%). Granule flow properties improved progressively from F-1 to F-3, as indicated by reduced Carr’s Index (16.17 ± 0.16 to 11.58 ± 0.32%) and Hausner Ratio (1.193 to 1.131), accompanied by increased flow rates (12.12 ± 0.03 to 14.48 ± 0.53 g/s) (p < 0.05). These physicochemical differences were reflected in dissolution behavior and drug-release kinetics, confirming the matrix-modifying effects of Eudragit RS 100 and lactose. Kinetic modeling demonstrated formulation-dependent release mechanisms: F-1 showed the highest correlation with the zero-order model (R² = 0.9858), suggesting a near constant drug-release rate, whereas F-2 exhibited the best fit to a second-order model (R² = 0.9635), indicating concentration-dependent release. In contrast, F-3 was optimally described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R² = 0.9545), consistent with anomalous transport governed by combined diffusion and polymer relaxation.

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