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Study of Iron and Calcium Removal on Manganese Sulfate Precursors for Battery Cathode Raw Material Applications Hakim, Agsel Fauzia; Andriyah, Lia; Oediyani, Soesaptri; Lalasari, Latifa Hanum; Sulistiyono, Eko; Irawan, Januar; Arini, Tri; Yunita, Fariza Eka; Suharyanto, Ariyo; Setiawan, Iwan; Firdiyono, Florentinus; Yuwono, Akhmad Herman
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.753

Abstract

Global battery sales are expected to reach $310.8 billion in 2027, up 14.1% from 2020. 95% of the world's batteries are lead-acid, lithium-ion, or nickel-based. One of the most popular batteries on the global market is lithium-ion, which uses MnSO4 powder as its cathode raw material. Manganese sulfate-based lithium-ion batteries can be made using Indonesian resources, specifically manganese ore from Trenggalek. Trenggalek manganese ore is of poor quality and contains impurities, primarily Fe and Ca. To produce 98% powder manganese sulfate, the solution is prepared, reduced with briquette charcoal, leached, precipitated, carbonated, and crystallised. NH4OH reagent is used to remove Fe through precipitation, and the carbonatation process is employed to eliminate Ca, resulting in 97.237% purity of manganese sulfate powder product. This outcome is achieved under precipitation process conditions of [NH4OH 2M], T = 80 °C, pH = 4, t =180 minutes, while carbonatation process conditions are T=50 °C, t = 120 minutes.
Inhalation Medication Administration in Children with Pneumonia with Ineffective Airway Clearance: Case Study Kusumaningrum, Nintya Vela; Arini, Tri; Ambarwati, Ambarwati; Harigustian, Yayang
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 5 No 4 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v5i4.2394

Abstract

Pneumonia is responsible for the deaths of 740,180 infants and is the leading cause of mortality among this age group. In Indonesia, pneumonia accounts for 16% of all deaths and often leads to ineffective airway clearance, necessitating appropriate treatment such as inhalation medication to reduce sputum viscosity or widen the airways. To determine the effectiveness of inhalation medication administration in children with pneumonia experiencing ineffective airway clearance in the West Padmanaba Ward of Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta General Hospital. The methodology employed in this case study aims to describe and explore the administration of inhalation medication to pediatric pneumonia patients with ineffective airway clearance for 3x24 hours at Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta General Hospital. After administering inhalation medication for 3x8 hours to children with pneumonia experiencing ineffective airway clearance, partial resolution of the problem was observed. Inhalation medication administration was effective for pediatric pneumonia patients with ineffective airway clearance, exemplified in the case of An.M.