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Legal Instrument Under the “ASEAN Way”: The Case of ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons Wirawan, Made; Novikrisna, Dian
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study was mainly raised because of the contradictory situation between ASEAN’s informal practices, embodied in the ASEAN Way, and the emergence of the ASEAN Convention against Trafficking in Persons (ACTIP) as a legal instrument for the basis of formal cooperation. Hence, it is important to understand the current situation of the ASEAN Way on a legal instrument by examining how ACTIP conforms with the ASEAN Way principles and influences its compliance. Drawing on the concept of legalization as discussed by Abbott et al. (2000), the research employs a qualitative method and a case study approach to analyze ACTIP’s provisions and their alignment with the ASEAN Way. The findings reveal that ACTIP’s conformity with the ASEAN Way positions it as a soft law. However, this allows member states to achieve ACTIP’s goals while managing uncertainties and preserving their sovereignty. Significantly, this study highlights the adaptation of the ASEAN Way in a legal instrument that uniquely poses no significant problems and instead works to suppress the tradeoffs of international law.
Effect of Cylinder Rotation Speed on Corn Drying Characteristics in a Rotary Dryer Habibi, Muhammad Al Fatih; Sutanto, Rudy; Wirawan, Made
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Science, and Innovation Vol 6, No 1 (2026): (April)(On Progress)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31284/j.jmesi.2026.v6i1.8620

Abstract

Corn has a high post-harvest moisture content (20-40%), making drying very important to maintain quality and extend shelf life. This study investigated the effect of drum rotation speed in a rotary dryer on the drying characteristics of corn and compared it with solar drying. The drying method was carried out using an LPG-fueled rotary dryer with an inlet air temperature of 70°C and an air flow velocity of 7.9 m/s. The drum rotation speed was varied at 6 rpm, 9 rpm, and 12 rpm with an initial corn mass of 5 kg. Drying was carried out for 6 hours. And data collection was carried out every 30 minutes during the drying process. As a result, a higher drum rotation speed significantly increased the drying rate. A speed of 12 rpm showed the best performance with a maximum drying rate of 0.46 kg/hour and an average of 0.24 kg/hour. However, the highest energy efficiency was obtained at a speed of 6 rpm, indicating that lower speeds require less energy despite longer drying times. Overall, the rotary dryer performed better than solar drying in reducing corn moisture content more quickly, stably, and controlled in a shorter time