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Peranan Faktor Cuaca terhadap Infeksi dan Perkembangan Penyakit Bercak Ungu pada Bawang Merah Bambang Hadisutrisno; Sudarmadi Sudarmadi; Siti Subandiyah; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.9351

Abstract

Purple blotch disease caused by Alternaria porri (Ell.) Cif. is one of the most important diseases on shallots. The farmers have been using fungicides as a reliable control method, however, the chemical control method has to be considered for the negative effect on the environment and the danger to the other species and causes the resistance to a certain pesticide. Therefore, it is important to develop other method that is safe, effective, and efficient, like the use of climatic data to decide the control strategy. The result of the study on ecology of purple blotch disease carried out at the experimental station in Kramat-Tegal, Kledung-Temanggung, and KP4 Kalitirto in dry and rainy season (1991/1992) suggested that climatic factors played on important role on the daily conidium dissemination of Alternaria porri and on the intensity of purple blotch disease. Daily conidium dissemination which was one of the important component in the epidemy of purple blotch disease was influenced by the temperature, relative humidity, and the wind velocity. Conidium dissemination was occurred both during the day and night and at 10.00 am-14.00 pm when the air temperature and wind velocity were high with low relative humidity, conidium dissemination was maximum. On the other hand, at 22.00 pm – 02.00 am there was minimum conidium dissemination. The result on the effects of leaf wetness period on disease intensity suggested that high humidity was not the only factor caused disease infection but it has to be supported by the presence of thin film water on the leaf surface at least for 4 hours since the attachment of the conidia on the leaves.
Ekstraksi DNA Phytophthora palmivora Isolat Kelapa Achmadi Priyatmojo; Siti Subandiyah
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (1996)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6570.787 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.9358

Abstract

Coconut isolate of Phytophthora palmivora DNA was extracted from sporangium and mycelium using SDS and Proteinase-K method. Sporangium and mycelium were harvested from liquid and solid culture of Potato Dextrose medium. The result of the study showed that the DNA extracted from sporangium and mycelium of 8 days solid culture was seen as distinct band. On the other hand, the dNA from sporangium and mycelium of 24 days old liquid culture was fragmented with smear band appearance.
Prevalensi Nematoda Parasit pada Pertanaman Pisang di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Siwi Indarti; Bambang Rahayu TP; Siti Subandiyah; Lilis Indarti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 17, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (95.335 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.9397

Abstract

A study to determine the prevalence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with banana was undertaken in banana growing areas at four districts (Bantul, Gunung Kidul, Kulon Progo, and Sleman) of Yogyakarta Special Province. Seven genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found on these area: Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, and Rotylenchulus. Genera Hoplolaimus and Meloidogyne were distributed at all districts and occurring in soil and root samples of banana cultivars, Ambon, Kepok, Koja, Klutuk, Raja, Tanduk, and Uter, respectively. Four genera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and Radopholus were dominant and were found with high level of population than the others on each district. Pratylenchus mostly was found on banana cv Kepok with average population 348,2–2057,3 nematodes on total samples of 5g banana root and 100g soil.
Deteksi dan Diferensiasi Virus Kerdil Pisang dengan Teknik PCR-RFLP Rahma Ayu Priani; Susamto Somowiyarjo; Sedyo Hartono; Siti Subandiyah
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11736

Abstract

Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) can be caused by the infection of two different viruses, Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) or Abaca bunchy top virus (ABTV). Both viruses can be transmitted persistently by aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa Coq. The research was conducted to detect and to differentiate the virus bypolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) techniques. Infected plants were collected from Yogyakarta (Sleman, Yogyakarta city, Bantul, Gunung Kidul, and KulonProgo). Nucleon Phytopure DNA Extraction Kit method was used to extract the total DNA of infected plants. Universal primers of Common DNA region (S-CRF and S-CRR) and specific primers DNA-R (C1-CRF and CI-CRR) were used for PCR amplification. PCR products were analyzed by RFLP technique using the restriction enzyme of DraI. The results reconfirm previous reports that bunchy top disease of banana in Yogyakarta is caused by BBTV. The ABTV was not detected in this present study. Based on the RFLP analysis it was concluded that BBTV collected in this study could be divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of BBTV isolate from Sleman and Yogyakarta city with two fragments DNA of 400 and 388 bp. Group 2 consisted of isolate BBTV from Kulon Progo and Gunung Kidul with three fragments DNA of 400, 388, and 323 bp. Group 3 consisted of isolate from Bantul with two fragments DNA of 723 and 376 bp. Further study on the complete characteristics of these groups is still needed.
Peningkatan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang Kepok Kuning terhadap Penyakit Darah melalui Variasi Somaklonal dan Simbiosis Endofitik Arif Wibowo; Tri Joko; Siti Subandiyah; Ika Mariska; Yati Supriyati; Yadi Suryadi; Ika Roostika
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3699.305 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11738

Abstract

One of the obstacles that was encountered in the banana cultivation is blood disease. Blood diseases is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that is subsequently revised to become blood disease bacteria (BDB). Until now the control of banana blood disease is very difficult. Control of banana blood disease with chemical injections and soil treatment is not effective. This study was aimed to obtain Kepok Kuning cultivar banana seedlings which was resistant towards blood disease obtained from in vitro selection by using BDB growing filtrate and induced resistance by inoculation of antagonistic endophytic bacteria.The observation of Kepok Kuning banana explants treated with various concentrations of BDB growing filtrate showed that the percentage of living explants decreased to 83.33% when the BDB growing filtrate concentration increased to 15%. Treatment of banana explants with BDB growing filtrate also affected the number of roots, shoots, and leaves. Treatment with a single antagonistic endophytic bacteria suppressed the intensity of banana blood disease to 0% in comparison with the mixture of antagonistic endophytic bacteria if Kepok Kuning banana explants were not treated with BDB growing filtrate. When Kepok Kuning banana explants were treated with BDB growing filtrate, the intensity of banana blood disease suppressed to 0% after the high concentration of BDB growing filtrate and the antagonistic endophytic bacteria mixture were applied.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Ralstonia syzygii Yanuar Danaatmadja; Siti Subandiyah; Tri Joko; Cavrina Ulita Sari
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11759

Abstract

Ralstonia syzygii is one of important pathogens of cloves. This study was aimed at obtaining pure culture of R. syzygi from diseased plant tissue samples. The acterium was isolated from infected clove plantations in Ungaran, Central Java. It had the ability to make clove seedlings show symptoms and then die 41 days after inoculation. The reisolated bacterium also showed its ability to kill clove seedlings after 17 days. The bacterium is gram negative, able to ultilize glucose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, and glycerol, able to hydrolyze starch, grow well at 27oC, able to catalyze and release water and oxygen from hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) and aerobically.
Effects of Mineral Oils on Host Selection Behavior of Diaphorina citri Mofit Eko Poerwanto; Y. Andi Trisyono; Siti Subandiyah; Edhi Martono; Paul Holford; George Andrew Charles Beattie
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11873

Abstract

Response of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on citrus leaves treated with horticultural and agricultural mineral oil (HMO & AMO) was evaluated under laboratory condition in choice and non-choice trials. Combination of HMO and AMO at concentration of 0 up to 2% was applied to citrus leaves. Mineral oil applications significantly reduced the proportion of D. citri stayed on citrus leaves for feeding with the proposed mechanisms: 1) oils covered leaves thus hampered it for releasing volatile compounds, 2) oil film preventing the direct contact of tarsus or palpus to leaf surfaces, and 3) the volatile compounds produced by mineral oils also blended with plant volatiles in the atmosphere and reduced the probability of olfactory receptors capturing the olfactory cues for locating the feeding site. Mineral oils also increased the mortality of D. citri due to the refusion for feeding on the treated citrus leaves. The effect of AMO was more prominent than HMO.
Pengaruh Jenis Mangsa dan Suhu pada Perkembangan Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) dan Peranannya dalam Pengendalian Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Tris Haris Ramadhan; Y. Andi Trisyono; Eddy Mahrub; Arman Wijonarko; Siti Subandiyah; George Andrew Charles Beattie
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (111.486 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11874

Abstract

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the vector of citrus greening (Huanglongbing) bacterium and the most serious impediment to citrus culture. Classical biological control of this psyllid vector should contribute to suppress their population. This research was conducted to determine the performance of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when they were fed with D. citri. The larval performance index of M. sexmaculatus on D. citri compared with Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) diet was 1.3.M. sexmaculatus fed with D. citri had lower fitness than those fed with A. craccivora as shown by longer larval stadium, lower adult dry weight, less number of egg produced and lower percentage of egg hatched. M. sexmaculatus grew best at the temperature of 27oC. Employing the exclusion procedure under field condition,M. sexmaculatus could reduce the population of D. citri up to 90%. These findings showed that theM. sexmaculatus could be a potential predator in reducing D. citri, particularly when the more preferred prey A. craccivora was not present.
Pemurnian dan Deteksi Serologi Patchouli Mottle Virus pada Tanaman Nilam Sedyo Hartono; Siti Subandiyah; Aminatun Munawarti; Retno Mastuti; Serafinah Indriani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12044

Abstract

Patchouli mottle virus (PatMoV) is the most severe disease pathogen and causes substantial losses in many patchouli-producing regions in Indonesia. Serological detection tool  for the disease was developed in this  research. Virus isolation was conducted on Chenopodium amaraticolor resulted on  the homogenous local lesions 6 days after  inoculation. Virus  purification was obtained from 200g inoculated leaves resulted on 2 ml virus solution with the concentration of 1 mg/ml. Polyclonal antibodies were produced on rabbits. Harvested antiserum was used for further virus detection by Indirect-Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and dot-immunobanding assay (DIBA) techniques. The antibodies were  positively  reacted with purified  viruses, infected field collection of patchouli, and  inoculated C. amaranticolor. On the other hand un-inoculated C. amaranticolor samples and healthy patchouli generated from tissue cultures gave negative reaction with the antibodies. This is the first report of cheap practical antibody production for PatMoV detection in Indonesia.
The Role of Extracellular Protein on the Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri Tri Joko; Siti Subandiyah; Susamto Somowiyarjo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12405

Abstract

A research on the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus canker, has been carried out to study the growth characteristics of the pathogen on some media, physiological characteristics, and the role of extracellular protein on the bacterial pathogenicity. Extracellular protein of X. campestris pv. citri was extracted using ammonium sulfate precipitation. The extracted protein samples were electrophoresed on 10% polyacrilamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate at 15 mA/150 V for 1.5-2 hrs. Pathogenicity assay was conducted by infiltration of bacterial cell and extracellular protein suspension into citrus leaf tissues. The results showed that X. campestris pv. citri was able to grow well on all media. It possess specific protein with molecular weight of 25.71 KDa. Bacterial cell and extracellular protein of X. campestris pv. citri were able to produce typical symptoms of canker, while other closely related Xanthomonas campestris pathovars were only able to produce hypersensitive reaction on citrus leaves.