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All Journal BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Folia Medica Indonesiana Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan J-Dinamika: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Medical and Health Science Journal Biomolecular and Health Science Journal JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Majalah Biomorfologi (Biomorphology Journal) Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai
Nurul Wiqoyah, Nurul
Departement Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Antibacterial Activity Test of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) Against Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Manaf, Syifa Az Zahrah; Wiqoyah, Nurul; Setiawati, Yuani
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (2025): FEBRUARY : Fragmentation In Modern Healthcare Approaches Amid Rising Chronic And
Publisher : UNUSA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/mhsj.v9i1.6521

Abstract

Background: Asia is one of the regions with the highest prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) have been proven to have antibacterial potential with their active compound content, namely essential oils, phenols, chavicol, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids so it is necessary to investigate whether betel leaf extract has an effect on Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of green betel leaf extract on the growth of MSSA.  Methods: This research is a descriptive experimental study regarding the antibacterial activity test of green betel leaf extract against MSSA. The MSSA bacteria used were bacterial preparations in the Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University. Green betel leaf extract was obtained from Batu City in 2023. The antibacterial activity test technique used was the dilution test. Results: In the dilution test, for the growth of MSSA, in tubes with concentrations of 800 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL appear clear indicates that there is no growth of germs. At a concentration of 50 mg/mL it appears cloudy which indicates the growth of germs. The results obtained for the growth of MSSA on agar plates were at concentrations of 800 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, and 200 mg/mL, there was no growth of germs. Meanwhile, at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, the growth of MSSA germs was found Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of green betel leaf extract against MSSA is 100 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of green betel leaf extract against MSSA is 200 mg/mL. Further research is needed on the antibacterial activity of green betel leaf extract against other bacterial species that are resistant to many drugs.
Sepsis-3 and its Assesment Tools (Sofa and Qsofa): Historical Evolution, Clinical Utility and Criticisms Bhagaskara, Pandya; Wiqoyah, Nurul
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Vol 17 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan
Publisher : Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin

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Abstract

Sepsis remains a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Over the past three decades, evolving consensus definitions have sought to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. The latest definition, Sepsis-3, defines sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA (qSOFA) as key tools. This review outlines the historical development of sepsis definitions, examines the role of SOFA and qSOFA, and summarizes their strengths and criticisms. Sepsis-3 marked a shift from inflammation-based to organ dysfunction–centered criteria. Evidence shows that SOFA is highly accurate for prognosis in intensive care, while qSOFA is useful for bedside risk stratification outside the ICU. Both outperform systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in specificity, though SOFA requires laboratory parameters and qSOFA shows reduced sensitivity. Some authors argue SIRS should not be entirely discarded due to its early recognition value. In conclusion, Sepsis-3 advanced the standardization of sepsis definitions, yet challenges remain, and this article was written to provide a concise overview of its evolution, utility, and ongoing debates. Keywords: Sepsis-3, SOFA, qSOFA, SIRS, sepsis definitions
Antibacterial Activity Test of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle Linn.) against Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Manaf, Syifa Az Zahrah; Wiqoyah, Nurul; Setiawati, Yuani
Majalah Biomorfologi Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Majalah Biomorfologi
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mbiom.v35i2.2025.131-139

Abstract

Highlights Green betel leaf extract, particularly cultivated in Batu City, can inhibit and kill MSSA. Green betel leaf extract, particularly cultivated in Batu City, can be developed into a new alternative treatment as an effective antibiotic to kill MSSA bacteria.   ABSTRACT Background: Asia is one of the regions with the highest prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. Green betel leaves (Piper betle Linn.) have been shown to possess antibacterial potential due to their active compound content. Objective: To investigate whether betel leaf extract affects methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Material and Method: This research was a descriptive experimental study focusing on the antibacterial activity test of green betel leaf extract against MSSA. The MSSA bacteria used were bacterial preparations in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The green betel leaf extract was obtained in 2023 in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia. The antibacterial activity test technique used was the dilution test. The tool used in data processing was Microsoft Excel. Results: Germs were found in the dilution test, particularly in tubes with concentrations of 50 mg/mL. The study also highlighted that no growth of germs was found based on the results obtained for the increase of MSSA on agar plates at concentrations of 800 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, and 200 mg/mL. The study also found that the growth of MSSA germs was at 100 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of green betel leaf extract against MSSA were 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extract of green betel leaves, particularly cultivated in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia has been shown to possess antibacterial activity, which can inhibit and kill MSSA bacteria. Further research is needed on the antibacterial activity of green betel leaf extract against other bacterial species.
Co-Authors Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari, Agnes Dwi Sis Arifa Mustika Atika Bhagaskara, Pandya Deby Kusumaningrum Eko Budi Koendhori, Eko Budi Evy Ervianti Fanny Gunawan Indiastuti, Danti Nur Juniastuti Juniastuti Lifindra, Billy Yanssen Lindarto, Wira Widjaya Manaf, Syifa Az Zahrah Muhammad Ansori Muna, Nafdzu Makhmudatul Ni Made Mertaniasih Nur Rochmah, Nur Pepy Dwi Endraswari, Pepy Dwi Priyo Budi Purwono Purwanta, Marijam S. Soedarsono Salwa Putri Qurrotuaini Saputra, Pandit Bagus Tri Sardjono, Lindawati Alim Sekar Maharani Setiawan, Firman Setyarini, Wahyu Suhintam Pusarawati Ulfa Dwi Karisma Vermasari, Naritha Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno Wardatun Faizah Wayan Tunas Artama Widyatama, Fikri Sasongko Wilda Mahdani Willy Sandhika Wiwin Retnowati Yuani Setiawati