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All Journal JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Jurnal Litbang Industri Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering Ihsan: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC OF MANDALIKA (JSM) Automotive Experiences Journal of Industrial Community Empowerment Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Journal of Clean Technology PATRIOTIK: Jurnal Inovasi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Jati Emas (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat)
Anang Baharuddin Sahaq
Politeknik ATI Padang
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Pemanfaatan Limbah Agroindustri sebagai Bahan Baku Produksi Bioethanol Fuel Grade untuk Substitusi Bahan Bakar Fosil Anang Baharuddin Sahaq; Salwa Asyifa; Aulia Firda Alfiana
Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543 Vol. 6 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika Indonesia (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss12pp4386-4394

Abstract

The utilization of agro-industrial waste as a feedstock for fuel-grade bioethanol offers a strategic opportunity to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and support the transition toward renewable energy. This study provides a systematic review of the potential of various Indonesian agro-industrial wastes, including lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic materials, along with the variation in ethanol yields produced through pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification processes. The analysis shows that feedstock characteristics, pretreatment efficiency, and microbial fermentation performance are key determinants of ethanol yield. A major challenge lies in the purification stage, as ethanol obtained from conventional distillation does not meet the fuel-grade requirement of ≥99.5% v/v. Several dehydration technologies—such as azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, molecular sieves, membrane pervaporation, and PSA—can achieve high purity with distinct operational advantages. This review highlights the importance of integrating suitable purification methods and optimizing the conversion process to produce fuel-grade bioethanol that is technically and economically feasible. Overall, agro-industrial waste demonstrates significant potential to support national energy security and sustainability
Sintesis Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Heterogen CaO Batu Kapur dengan Support Fly Ash Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Teraktivasi Termal Youfa, Rita; Pelita, Elda; Nirmala, Dyah; Desniorita, Desniorita; Jayanti, Regna Tri; Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin; Permadani, Resi Levi
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNIK KIMIA
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v10i1.49286

Abstract

This study aims to produce biodiesel from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) using a heterogeneous catalyst based on calcium oxide (CaO) derived from limestone andmodified with palm oil mill fly ash (FA) as a catalyst support. The limestone feedstock was first activated to obtain the CaO catalyst. Subsequently, the FA material was activated through calcination at 500°C. The CaO-FA catalyst was synthesized using the wet impregnation method and then calcined at 600°C. This catalyst was applied in the transesterification of RBDPO with methanol at various molar ratios. The study investigated the effect of different CaO-FA catalyst compositions (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), and methanol:RBDPO molar ratios (8:1, 10:1, and 12:1) on biodiesel yield. The results demonstrated that both the CaO-FA catalyst ratios and the methanol:RBDPO molar ratios significantly influenced the biodiesel yield and the resulting Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composition. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the 3:1 CaO-FA composition with an 8:1 methanol:RBDPO molar ratio produced biodiesel with the highest methyl palmitate (C17H34O2) content of 88.99%, which meets the characteristics of high-quality biodiesel. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of CaO-FA-based heterogeneous catalysts for cost-effective and environmentally friendly biodiesel production, in line with government initiatives to promote renewable energy utilization.
Evaluation of the Stability of the Anaerobic Digestion Process of POME Based on the Correlation of VFA, Alkalinity and Methane Content Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin; Yahya, Agung Kurnia; Permadani, Resi Levi; Asyifa, Salwa; Alfiana, Aulia Firda
MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Motivection : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering
Publisher : Indonesian Mechanical Electrical and Industrial Research Society (IMEIRS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46574/motivection.v8i1.529

Abstract

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) contains a high organic load and requires effective treatment to prevent environmental pollution while enabling energy recovery. Anaerobic digestion is widely applied for POME treatment due to its ability to reduce organic pollutants and produce methane-rich biogas; however, its performance is highly dependent on process stability. This study aims to evaluate the stability of the anaerobic digestion process of POME through correlation analysis among volatile fatty acids (VFA), total alkalinity (TA), suspended solids (SS), and methane content (CH₄) using field operational data. The study was conducted at an industrial-scale biogas plant treating POME, where slurry samples were collected periodically from multiple biodigester units representing different digestion stages. VFA and TA were analyzed using acid–base titration, SS by gravimetric method, and methane content using a gas analyzer. The results show that the anaerobic digestion process operated under stable mesophilic conditions (35 ± 2 °C) with reactor pH maintained in the optimal range of 6.8–7.5. VFA concentrations remained relatively low (approximately 480–510 mg/L), supported by sufficient alkalinity (about 5,600 mg/L as CaCO₃), resulting in a low VFA/TA ratio (~0.09), indicating stable process conditions. A significant reduction in COD from approximately 41,700 ppm in the influent to about 7,200 ppm in the effluent was achieved, corresponding to a COD removal efficiency of 83%. Methane content in the biogas remained stable at ≥55%, supporting effective energy utilization without flaring. These results demonstrate that maintaining a balanced relationship among VFA, alkalinity, suspended solids, and operating conditions is essential for ensuring stable anaerobic digestion and consistent biogas quality in industrial-scale POME treatment systems.
Nutrient Recovery from Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Fertilizer Production: Technology Options and Practical Barriers Yahya, Agung Kurnia; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Miftahurrahmah; Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v3i1.42320

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a high-strength agro-industrial wastewater whose management governs both environmental performance and operational resilience of palm oil mills. Treatment trains optimized solely for COD/BOD reduction often accumulate operational penalties under feed variability, including scaling, sludge burden, and persistent polishing demands, rather than forming a controllable value-generating platform. This review reframes nutrient recovery from POME as a fertilizer manufacturing problem embedded in a wastewater system, where removal does not equal recovery unless nutrients are transferred into a defined product phase with mass-balanced yield, controlled composition, impurity management, and agronomic function. Anaerobic digestion is positioned as a pivotal pivot point because it converts organic load to methane while producing an anaerobically digested liquor that is operationally more suitable for targeted nutrient recovery than raw POME. Using a PRISMA-ScR scoping review with a systematic search, evidence was mapped across three coupled outcome domains: water reuse/reclamation, energy recovery (biogas/CH₄), and nutrient circularity (N–P recovery and derived products). The synthesis compares unit operations by function and operability constraints, then assembles feasible combinations into a process superstructure and a decision roadmap for pathway selection under mill constraints. Findings emphasize that raw POME and anaerobically digested POME are not interchangeable feedstocks: raw POME is dominated by solids/colloids that hinder selective recovery and contaminate products, while post-digestion variability is more chemistry-driven and governs precipitation windows and membrane stability. Recovery options converge toward hybrid systems integrating crystallization (struvite/phosphate minerals), adsorption/ion exchange with regenerability, membrane concentration including fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis, and biological assimilation (microalgae), with fouling, scaling, and crystallization inhibition as decisive design variables. Overall, meaningful nutrient recovery from POME is achieved only when fertilizer grade products are produced while simultaneously reducing compliance risk and operational burden.
The Packaging Process Improvement in MSME's by Utilizing Packaging Machine Technology and Product Packaging Redesign: Perbaikan Proses Pengemasan di UMKM dengan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Mesin Pengemasan dan Desain Ulang Kemasan Produk Ari Pranata Primisa Purba; Nofan Hadi Ahmad; Agung Kurnia Yahya; Miftahurrahmah; Tosty Maylangi Sitorus; Anang Baharuddin Sahaq
JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2024): Jati Emas (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat)
Publisher : DPD Jatim Perkumpulan Dosen Indonesia Semesta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The understanding and compliance with the regulations of the Drug and Food Supervisory Authority (BPOM) in the food industry, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia should be a concern for entrepreneurs so that the products produced are acceptable to modern society today. The packaging process is one of the efforts to maintain the quality, safety and hygiene of products, also as a medium of promotion and information of products marketed to consumers. MSMEs Kampioen becomes an object in the community service activities carried out by the Team of Polytechnic ATI Padang due to the eligibility of partners and business permits that already meet the existing legality. Observations and interviews were conducted to find out the obstacles experienced by MSMEs. The obstacles facing MSMEs are products that have not yet been able to compete to the supermarket because the unqualified packaging of supermarkets and BPOM. The packaging machines used are old enough and almost broken. In this context, the graphical design of packaging that meets BPOM standards and the use of Continuous Band Sealer technology is an important factor in improving competitiveness and market access for MSME. These activities ensure the benefits of accompanying activities, such as improved efficiency and production safety, improved understanding of business management, finance, and marketing, and expansion of marketing. Thus, these activities provide practical guidance and specific solutions to help MSMEs boost growth and competitiveness in the food industry sector.
Characterization of Palm Oil Mill Fly Ash Based Adsorbent as Bleaching Agent of Crude Palm Oil Pelita, Elda; Desniorita, Desniorita; Nirmala, Dyah; Youfa, Rita; Jayanti, Regna Tri; Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin; Permadani, Resi Levi
Molekul Vol 21 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2026.21.1.14061

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The palm oil industry generates significant waste, including fly ash (FA) from palm oil mill boilers, which poses environmental challenges. This study investigated the potential of FA as an alternative adsorbent for the bleaching of crude palm oil (CPO) and compared its performance with commercial bleaching earth (BE). FA was activated thermally at 400°C and chemically using 1.5 M oxalic acid solution to enhance its adsorption capacity. The results showed that chemically activated FA (FA 1.5 M) and thermally activated FA (FA 400°C) reduced the CPO color from 20 Red (R) to 16-17 R, meeting the industrial standard for degummed bleached palm oil (≤ 17 R). The bleaching efficiency of FA 1.5 M was comparable to that of BE under identical conditions (120 °C and 1.5% w/w adsorbent), demonstrating its practical applicability as an alternative bleaching agent. Characterization results showed that FA 1.5 M had a higher silica (SiO₂) content (77.13%) than FA 400°C (72.46%) and BE (52.01%), along with increased surface area and pore size. FTIR analysis confirmed the adsorption of organic components from CPO onto the activated FA surface, while SEM analysis revealed that chemical activation produced a rougher surface morphology with larger pore diameters. Heavy metal concentrations in both activated FA adsorbents were within safe limits for food applications. Furthermore, BET analysis confirmed that FA 1.5 M exhibited a mesoporous structure with improved adsorption isotherms compared to untreated FA. The study showed that FA particularly FA 1.5 M, shows strong potential as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable alternative adsorbent in the CPO bleaching process. Keywords: Adsorbent, Bleaching earth, Crude palm oil, Fly ash
Integrated Examines of Hydrolyzers, Compression Ratio, Spark Plugs, and Ethanol Gasoline in Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine for Potentially Application of Higher Ethanol Application Purwanto, Wawan; Koten, Hasan; Maksum, Hasan; Putra, Dwi Sudarno; Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin
Automotive Experiences Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Issue in Progress
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.15499

Abstract

Optimizing combustion parameters by incorporating alternative fuels and modifying the engine's mechanical properties is essential to improving the thermal efficiency and performance of modern internal combustion engines. This study examines the impact of HHO gas utilization, variations in compression ratios, various types of spark plugs, and ethanol gasoline blends on the torque and other characteristics of a 4-stroke fuel-injected single cylinder engine. Hydrogen is generated via electrolysis and used as a supplementary fuel. The Taguchi method was employed to create tests involving four variables: HHO percentage, compression ratio, spark plug type, and ethanol mixture. Testing occurred at 5000 RPM under a load of 1800 Watts. The findings indicated that the combination of 20% HHO, a compression ratio of 16.9:1, platinum spark plugs, and E-80 ethanol yielded optimal engine performance, with thermal efficiency reaching 60% at 7500 rpm. Moreover, the results of deposit content analysis after 50 hours of operation indicated that the ideal design produced fewer deposits than RON 92 gasoline.
Co-Authors Aini, Apsari Puspita Alfiana, Aulia Firda Asyifa, Salwa Aulia Firda Alfiana Desniorita Desniorita Desniorita Desniorita Desniorita Desniorita Desniorita, Desniorita Dwi Sudarno Putra Dyah Nirmala Dyah Nirmala, Dyah Elda Pelita Elda Pelita Elda Pelita, Elda Hasan Maksum Hazil Anwar, Hazil Jaeba, Kushisa Atta Jayanti, Regna Tri Jerry Jerry Koten, Hasan Kushisa Atta Jaeba Lusi Rahma Yanti Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah, Miftahurrahmah Nofan Hadi Ahmad Permadani , Resi Levi Permadani, Resi Levi Purba, Ari Pranata Primisa Purwanto, Wawan Regna Tri Jayanti Reni Sutri Resi Levi Permadani Resi Levi Permadani Rita Youfa Rita Youfa Rizki Fadhillah Lubis Salwa Asyifa Sri Kaidah Suciati, Dwimaryam Sutri, Reni Syamsul Anwar Syamsul Anwar, Syamsul Tosty Maylangi Sitorus Tosty Maylangi Sitorus, Tosty Maylangi Yahya, Agung Kurnia Yanti , Lusi Rahma Youfa, Rita