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Drilling Fluid Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology Satiyawira, Bayu; Maulani, Mustamina; Samura, Lisa; Pramadika, Havidh; Nugrahanti, Asri; Rosyidan, Cahaya; Prima, Andry; Arkaan, Muhammad Dzaki; Yanti, Widia
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 48 No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v48i4.1900

Abstract

Water-based drilling fluids commonly exhibit rheological degradation under high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) conditions, resulting in significant reductions in viscosity, yield point (YP), and gel strength (GS). Previous studies relying on conventional additives such as PAC, CMC, KOH, and NaOH have not fully resolved this issue, particularly in maintaining rheological stability at elevated temperatures. This study addresses this gap by introducing an alkaline polymer as a multifunctional additive intended to replace several conventional components while enhancing thermal resistance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the combined effects of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and alkaline polymer at three temperature levels: 80°F, 150°F, and 250°F. Experimental results show that at 150°F, the optimized formulation consists of 3.5 g CMC and 3.6 g alkaline polymer, yielding a viscosity of 17.64 cP, plastic viscosity of 12.46 cP, and a YP of 7.72 lb/100 ft², representing a substantial improvement compared to the baseline formulations, where YP values decreased significantly with temperature. The optimized mud also demonstrated improved gel strength and consistent filtrate control relative to non-optimized systems. The novelty of this study lies in the use of an alkaline polymer as a single multifunctional substitute for multiple drilling-fluid additives, combined with a multi-temperature RSM optimization framework. The findings provide a simplified, thermally stable drilling-fluid formulation suitable for HTHP environments.
Potential Use of Kepok Banana Peel Waste as Raw Material for Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Oil and Gas Drilling Fluid Applications Wastu, Apriandi Rizkina Rangga; Permadi , Asep Kurnia; Wahyuningrum, Deana; Nugrahanti, Asri
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2070

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the potential of kepok banana peel as a raw material for carboxymethyl cellulose synthesis and to assess its effects on the rheological properties and filtration of bentonite-based drilling mud. CMC is synthesized through a process of delignification, bleaching, alkalization, and carboxymethylation. CMC characterization includes alpha cellulose content, degree of substitution, purity, pH, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. The obtained CMC was added in drilling mud at concentrations of 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g, and the resulting mud was tested for mud rheology and filtrate volume. The results showed that the alpha-cellulose content was 91.60%, the degree of substitution was 1.0, and the purity was 88.17%, meeting the SNI CMC grade II standard. The application of CMC increased plastic viscosity (12–14 cP), yield point (19–21 lb/100 ft²), and gel strength (8–13 lb/100 ft² for 10 seconds; 12–17 lb/100 ft² for 10 minutes) as the concentration increased. The filtrate volume decreased from 15 ml to 13 ml/30 minutes, and the mud cake thickness decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm. The pH value was stable in the range of 9. It was concluded that CMC derived from kepok banana peel has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly drilling mud additive.